{"ok":true,"about":{"що":"Каталог накопичувачів для аддона «Арбітраж BESS».","як_зібрано":"Хвиля з двадцяти агентів 24.09.2026: кожен читав даташити одного виробника.","правило":"Жодного числа з памʼяті. Поле, якого немає в документі, лишається null — вигадана ємність перетворюється на вигаданий заробіток.","зібрано":"2026-09-24","виробників":20,"моделей":182,"про_перевірку":"Поле `spot_verified` у КОЖНОЇ моделі порожнє: перехресна звірка під час збору не записувалась помодельно, тож довести її нема чим. Попередній опис приписував каталогу таку звірку — твердження, якого самі дані не підтверджують. Виправлено 24.09.2026: непідтверджене походження гірше за відсутнє, бо виглядає як знання. Точне колишнє формулювання — в docs/LESSONS.md, урок №756.","що_перевірено":"Джерело кожного числа: `source_url` і `source_title` заповнені у всіх 182 рядків, 162 з них — даташит самого виробника (`source_quality`)."},"makers":["BYD","CATL","Deye","Enphase Energy, Inc.","Fluence Energy, Inc.","GoodWe","Growatt","Hithium","Huawei","LG Energy Solution Ltd.","Nidec Conversion","Pylontech","Saft","Samsung SDI","SolarEdge","Sonnen","Sungrow Power Supply Co., Ltd.","Tesla Energy","Victron Energy B.V.","Wärtsilä Energy Storage"],"segments":["commercial","residential","utility"],"count":182,"ready_for_math":105,"models":[{"id":"byd--battery-box-premium-hvm-11-0","maker":"BYD","maker_full":"BYD (BYD Company Limited / BYD Lithium Battery Co., Ltd. — Battery-Box residential line; BYD Energy Storage — MC Cube utility line)","country":"China","model":"Battery-Box Premium HVM 11.0","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate, LiFePO4, cobalt-free)","energy_kwh_usable":11.04,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.96,"efficiency_conditions":"Datasheet states only '>= 96%' with no test standard, temperature, C-rate or SoC window. DC battery-level figure, not AC system round-trip.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":34.15,"source_url":"https://www.bydbatterybox.com/uploads/downloads/BCU2.0_BBOX_HVM_Datasheet_EN_V1.0_250328-67ee3a426f6ce.pdf","source_title":"BATTERY-BOX PREMIUM HVM — Technical Parameters Premium HVM, Datasheet EN V1.0 (BYD Lithium Battery Co., Ltd.)","source_date":"2025-03-28","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"POWER NOT PUBLISHED IN kW. Datasheet gives 'Max Output Current 50 A', 'Nominal Voltage 204.8 V', operating voltage 160-236 V, peak 75 A for 3 s. Not multiplied into kW. Charge power not stated separately. Derating between -10 C and +5 C. CYCLE LIFE NOT PUBLISHED. Built from 4 x HVM modules of 2.76 kWh / 51.2 V; note BYD ships two HVM module versions with different cells (35 kg and 38 kg) which it says share identical performance and differ only in weight — so a fielded unit's cell supplier is not determinable from the model name. Usable energy at 100% DOD, 0.2C, +25 C. PDF metadata creation date is 2024-12-12 although BYD's download page labels this file 250328 V1.0.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"byd--battery-box-premium-hvm-16-6","maker":"BYD","maker_full":"BYD (BYD Company Limited / BYD Lithium Battery Co., Ltd. — Battery-Box residential line; BYD Energy Storage — MC Cube utility line)","country":"China","model":"Battery-Box Premium HVM 16.6","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate, LiFePO4, cobalt-free)","energy_kwh_usable":16.56,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.96,"efficiency_conditions":"Datasheet states only '>= 96%' with no test standard, temperature, C-rate or SoC window. DC battery-level figure, not AC system round-trip.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":51.23,"source_url":"https://www.bydbatterybox.com/uploads/downloads/BCU2.0_BBOX_HVM_Datasheet_EN_V1.0_250328-67ee3a426f6ce.pdf","source_title":"BATTERY-BOX PREMIUM HVM — Technical Parameters Premium HVM, Datasheet EN V1.0 (BYD Lithium Battery Co., Ltd.)","source_date":"2025-03-28","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"POWER NOT PUBLISHED IN kW. Datasheet gives 'Max Output Current 50 A', 'Nominal Voltage 307.2 V', operating voltage 240-354 V, peak 75 A for 3 s. Not multiplied. Charge power not stated separately. Derating between -10 C and +5 C. CYCLE LIFE NOT PUBLISHED. 6 x HVM modules of 2.76 kWh. Usable energy at 100% DOD, 0.2C, +25 C; 'System Usable Energy may vary with different inverter brands'.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"byd--battery-box-premium-hvm-22-1","maker":"BYD","maker_full":"BYD (BYD Company Limited / BYD Lithium Battery Co., Ltd. — Battery-Box residential line; BYD Energy Storage — MC Cube utility line)","country":"China","model":"Battery-Box Premium HVM 22.1","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate, LiFePO4, cobalt-free)","energy_kwh_usable":22.08,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.96,"efficiency_conditions":"Datasheet states only '>= 96%' with no test standard, temperature, C-rate or SoC window. DC battery-level figure, not AC system round-trip.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":68.31,"source_url":"https://www.bydbatterybox.com/uploads/downloads/BCU2.0_BBOX_HVM_Datasheet_EN_V1.0_250328-67ee3a426f6ce.pdf","source_title":"BATTERY-BOX PREMIUM HVM — Technical Parameters Premium HVM, Datasheet EN V1.0 (BYD Lithium Battery Co., Ltd.)","source_date":"2025-03-28","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"POWER NOT PUBLISHED IN kW. Datasheet gives 'Max Output Current 50 A', 'Nominal Voltage 409.6 V', operating voltage 320-472 V, peak 75 A for 3 s. Not multiplied. Charge power not stated separately. Derating between -10 C and +5 C. CYCLE LIFE NOT PUBLISHED. Top of the HVM range: 8 modules; up to 3 HVM 22.1 towers can be paralleled for BYD's stated 66.2 kWh maximum. Highest warranted throughput of the residential range at 68.31 MWh over 10 years, which for a once-daily cycle is the binding constraint rather than the 10-year clock. Usable energy at 100% DOD, 0.2C, +25 C.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"byd--battery-box-premium-hvs-10-2","maker":"BYD","maker_full":"BYD (BYD Company Limited / BYD Lithium Battery Co., Ltd. — Battery-Box residential line; BYD Energy Storage — MC Cube utility line)","country":"China","model":"Battery-Box Premium HVS 10.2","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate, LiFePO4, cobalt-free)","energy_kwh_usable":10.24,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.96,"efficiency_conditions":"Datasheet states only '>= 96%' with no test standard, temperature, C-rate or SoC window. DC battery-level figure, not AC system round-trip.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":30.82,"source_url":"https://www.bydbatterybox.com/uploads/downloads/BCU2.0_BBOX_HVS_Datasheet_EN_V1.0_250328-67ee42d4ced21.pdf","source_title":"BATTERY-BOX PREMIUM HVS — Technical Parameters Premium HVS, Datasheet EN V1.0 (BYD Lithium Battery Co., Ltd.)","source_date":"2025-03-28","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"POWER NOT PUBLISHED IN kW. Datasheet gives 'Max Output Current 25 A', 'Nominal Voltage 409.6 V', operating voltage 320-480 V, peak 50 A for 3 s. Not multiplied into kW on purpose. Charge power not stated separately. Derating between -10 C and +5 C. CYCLE LIFE NOT PUBLISHED. Built from 4 x HVS modules of 2.56 kWh / 102.4 V / 38 kg. Usable energy measured at 100% DOD, 0.2C, +25 C; 'System Usable Energy may vary with different inverter brands'.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"byd--battery-box-premium-hvs-12-8","maker":"BYD","maker_full":"BYD (BYD Company Limited / BYD Lithium Battery Co., Ltd. — Battery-Box residential line; BYD Energy Storage — MC Cube utility line)","country":"China","model":"Battery-Box Premium HVS 12.8","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate, LiFePO4, cobalt-free)","energy_kwh_usable":12.8,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.96,"efficiency_conditions":"Datasheet states only '>= 96%' with no test standard, temperature, C-rate or SoC window. DC battery-level figure, not AC system round-trip.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":38.53,"source_url":"https://www.bydbatterybox.com/uploads/downloads/BCU2.0_BBOX_HVS_Datasheet_EN_V1.0_250328-67ee42d4ced21.pdf","source_title":"BATTERY-BOX PREMIUM HVS — Technical Parameters Premium HVS, Datasheet EN V1.0 (BYD Lithium Battery Co., Ltd.)","source_date":"2025-03-28","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"POWER NOT PUBLISHED IN kW. Datasheet gives 'Max Output Current 25 A', 'Nominal Voltage 512 V', operating voltage 400-600 V, peak 50 A for 3 s. Not multiplied. Charge power not stated separately. Derating between -10 C and +5 C. CYCLE LIFE NOT PUBLISHED. Top of the HVS range: 5 modules; up to 3 HVS 12.8 towers can be paralleled for 38.4 kWh maximum (that 38.4 kWh figure is BYD's own, stated on the datasheet, not my arithmetic). Usable energy at 100% DOD, 0.2C, +25 C.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"byd--battery-box-premium-hvs-5-1","maker":"BYD","maker_full":"BYD (BYD Company Limited / BYD Lithium Battery Co., Ltd. — Battery-Box residential line; BYD Energy Storage — MC Cube utility line)","country":"China","model":"Battery-Box Premium HVS 5.1","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate, LiFePO4, cobalt-free)","energy_kwh_usable":5.12,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.96,"efficiency_conditions":"Datasheet states only 'Round-trip Efficiency  >= 96%' in General Data. No test standard, temperature, C-rate or SoC window is given. This is a DC battery-level figure (the Battery-Box contains no inverter), so AC round-trip for the app will be lower once the hybrid inverter is included. The datasheet's key-features block claims 'High efficiency certified by HTW Berlin' but cites no report number.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":15.41,"source_url":"https://www.bydbatterybox.com/uploads/downloads/BCU2.0_BBOX_HVS_Datasheet_EN_V1.0_250328-67ee42d4ced21.pdf","source_title":"BATTERY-BOX PREMIUM HVS — Technical Parameters Premium HVS, Datasheet EN V1.0 (BYD Lithium Battery Co., Ltd.)","source_date":"2025-03-28","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"POWER NOT PUBLISHED IN kW. BYD gives only 'Max Output Current 25 A' and 'Nominal Voltage 204.8 V' (operating range 160-240 V), plus 'Peak Output Current 50 A, 3 s'. I deliberately did NOT multiply these into kW — at the 160 V end of the operating window the same 25 A is a very different power than at 240 V, so a single multiplied number would be wrong for most of the SoC range. Charge power is not stated separately at all. Footnote: power derating occurs between -10 C and +5 C. CYCLE LIFE NOT PUBLISHED: no cycle count appears anywhere in any BYD document I opened (see notes). Energy figure is 'DC Usable Energy' measured at 100% DOD, 0.2C charge and discharge at +25 C; BYD adds 'System Usable Energy may vary with different inverter brands', so at arbitrage C-rates the delivered energy will be below 5.12 kWh. Warranty throughput 15.41 MWh comes from the separate warranty letter, not this datasheet.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"byd--battery-box-premium-lvl-15-4","maker":"BYD","maker_full":"BYD (BYD Company Limited / BYD Lithium Battery Co., Ltd. — Battery-Box residential line; BYD Energy Storage — MC Cube utility line)","country":"China","model":"Battery-Box Premium LVL 15.4","segment":"commercial","segment_raw":"commercial (also used residentially; scales to 983 kWh in parallel)","chemistry":"LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate, LiFePO4)","energy_kwh_usable":15.36,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":12.8,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.95,"efficiency_conditions":"Datasheet states only 'Round-trip Efficiency >= 95%' with no test standard, temperature, C-rate or SoC window. DC battery-level figure (51.2 V nominal, external inverter required), not AC system round-trip.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":47.46,"source_url":"https://www.bydbatterybox.com/uploads/downloads/Datasheet_Battery-Box%20Premium%20LVL%28AU%29_V1.4_EN-6a5593cc0ae43-6a5dd78381586.pdf","source_title":"BATTERY-BOX PREMIUM LVL — Technical Parameters Premium LVL, Datasheet AU V1.4 EN (BYD Lithium Battery Co., Ltd.)","source_date":"2026-05-21","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Discharge power is published as 'Rated DC Power 12.8 kW'. CHARGE POWER IS NOT: unlike the LVS sheet, the current row here reads 'Max Cont. Output Current 250 A' — output only — so I have left charge power null rather than assume symmetry. Peak 375 A for 5 s. Charge derating between -10 C and +5 C. CYCLE LIFE NOT PUBLISHED. Note the spec table heads its only column 'LVL15.4 (2021)', i.e. this current datasheet still describes the 2021 hardware revision. Protection rating is IP20 and environment 'Indoor' — materially different from the IP55 HVS/HVM/LVS and a real siting constraint for an agro installation. Usable energy 15.36 kWh at 100% DOD, 0.2C, +25 C. source_date is the PDF creation timestamp; the document prints no revision date on its face. AU-market revision.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"byd--battery-box-premium-lvs-16-0","maker":"BYD","maker_full":"BYD (BYD Company Limited / BYD Lithium Battery Co., Ltd. — Battery-Box residential line; BYD Energy Storage — MC Cube utility line)","country":"China","model":"Battery-Box Premium LVS 16.0","segment":"commercial","segment_raw":"residential / small commercial","chemistry":"LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate, cobalt-free)","energy_kwh_usable":16,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":12.8,"power_kw_charge":12.8,"round_trip_efficiency":0.95,"efficiency_conditions":"Datasheet states only 'Round-Trip Efficiency >= 95%' with no test standard, temperature, C-rate or SoC window given. DC battery-level figure (48 V nominal battery, external inverter required), not AC system round-trip.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":47.53,"source_url":"https://bydbatterybox.com/uploads/downloads/Datasheet%20BYD%20Battery-Box%20Premium%20LVS%20Datasheet_AU_V2.3-656e94f89bd61.pdf","source_title":"BATTERY-BOX PREMIUM LVS — Technical Parameters Premium LVS, Datasheet AU V2.3 (BYD Company Limited)","source_date":"2023-11-24","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Power IS published here, unlike the HV range: the datasheet row reads 'Rated DC Power 12.8 kW'. That row is not split into charge and discharge, but the current row directly above it is labelled 'Max Cont. Charge/Discharge Current 250 A' — one symmetric figure for both directions — so I have entered 12.8 kW for both, flagging that BYD itself never writes 'charge power = 12.8 kW' in words. Peak 360 A for 5 s. Charge derating between -10 C and +5 C. Short circuit current 2300 A. CYCLE LIFE NOT PUBLISHED. Usable energy 16 kWh at 100% DOD, 0.2C, +25 C, from 4 x LVS modules of 4 kWh / 51.2 V / 45 kg. This is the largest LVS that supports parallel towers (LVS 20.0 and 24.0 are single-tower only); up to 64 modules / 256 kWh in parallel. This is an AU-market revision of the datasheet — a separate EU sheet exists and I did not open it, so regional differences are unverified.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"byd--mc-cube-t-bess-mc10c-b5010-e-u-r2-2-hour-contain","maker":"BYD","maker_full":"BYD (BYD Company Limited / BYD Lithium Battery Co., Ltd. — Battery-Box residential line; BYD Energy Storage — MC Cube utility line)","country":"China","model":"MC Cube-T BESS  MC10C-B5010-E/U-R2 (2-hour container)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale / container","chemistry":"LFP (datasheet row 'Cell type: LFP'; BYD's Blade-format long cell, 1P416S string)","energy_kwh_usable":5010,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":1253,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.bydenergy.com/material/energy_stroage/serviceandsupport/downloadcenter/pdf/el/en/Datasheet_MCCube-TBESS_EN.pdf","source_title":"MC Cube-T BESS — System Parameters (BYD Energy Storage download centre)","source_date":"2025-07-01 (PDF creation date; last modified 2026-01-26; no revision date printed on the document)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"CRITICAL POWER CAVEAT: the datasheet writes 'Nominal power 2x1253 kW', i.e. two power blocks per container. I have entered the per-block figure 1253 kW verbatim and have NOT doubled it. The energy row, by contrast, is a single container-level total (5010 kWh). So 1253 kW and 5010 kWh are NOT the same scope — pairing them directly gives a 4-hour container when this is sold as a 2-hour (R2) product. Resolve the x2 before computing any P&L. EFFICIENCY NOT PUBLISHED: the 2-page datasheet contains no round-trip or system efficiency figure at all — I searched the full extracted text. CYCLE LIFE NOT PUBLISHED. WARRANTY NOT PUBLISHED. No C-rate, no degradation curve, no augmentation schedule. What IS given: DC usable energy 5010 kWh @FAT, degrading to 4950 kWh @1 month SAT and 4900 kWh @3 months SAT (BYD publishes the first 3 months of fade explicitly — use @3 months SAT, not @FAT, for realistic planning). Nominal voltage 1331.2 V DC, range 1081.6-1489.3 V DC. Config 2x5x1P416S. Liquid cooling. IP55. -30 C to +55 C with derating below -15 C or above +45 C. 43550 kg, 6058x2438x2896 mm. Compliance IEC 62619, UL 9540, UL 9540A, UL 1973, UN 38.3, UN 3536, CE.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"byd--mc-cube-t-bess-mc12c-b6437-e-u-r4-4-hour-contain","maker":"BYD","maker_full":"BYD (BYD Company Limited / BYD Lithium Battery Co., Ltd. — Battery-Box residential line; BYD Energy Storage — MC Cube utility line)","country":"China","model":"MC Cube-T BESS  MC12C-B6437-E/U-R4 (4-hour container)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale / container","chemistry":"LFP (datasheet row 'Cell type: LFP'; BYD's Blade-format long cell, 1P416S string)","energy_kwh_usable":6431,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":804,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.bydenergy.com/material/energy_stroage/serviceandsupport/downloadcenter/pdf/el/en/Datasheet_MCCube-TBESS_EN.pdf","source_title":"MC Cube-T BESS — System Parameters (BYD Energy Storage download centre)","source_date":"2025-07-01 (PDF creation date; last modified 2026-01-26; no revision date printed on the document)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"CRITICAL POWER CAVEAT: datasheet writes 'Nominal power 2x804 kW' — two power blocks per container. I entered the per-block 804 kW verbatim and did NOT double it, while the energy row 6431 kWh is a single container-level total. Do not pair them without resolving the x2. NAME/TABLE MISMATCH: the model designation contains '6437' but the DC usable energy row states 6431 kWh. I report the table value, 6431; the 6437 in the part number is unexplained by the document and should not be used as an energy figure. EFFICIENCY, CYCLE LIFE AND WARRANTY ARE ALL ABSENT from this datasheet — the fields a day-ahead arbitrage P&L most needs are exactly the ones BYD omits at utility scale. Given: DC usable energy 6431 kWh @FAT, 6366 kWh @1 month SAT, 6302 kWh @3 months SAT. Nominal voltage 1331.2 V DC, range 1081.6-1497.6 V DC. Config 2x6x1P416S. Liquid cooling, IP55, -30 C to +55 C with derating below -15 C or above +45 C. 53010 kg, 7550x2438x2896 mm. Fire detection and alarm system. Modbus TCP/IP. This is the largest of the four MC Cube-T system types on the sheet (the other two are MC12C-B6012-E/U-R2 at 6012 kWh / 2x1503 kW and MC10C-B5365-E/U-R4 at 5360 kWh / 2x670 kW — that one also has a name/table mismatch, 5365 vs 5360).","spot_verified":null},{"id":"catl--enerc-280-containerized-liquid-cooling-battery-s","maker":"CATL","maker_full":"CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited)","country":"China","model":"EnerC+ 280 containerized liquid-cooling battery system (3.72 MWh variant)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale / container (20-ft, non-walk-in)","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4), 280 Ah cell, configuration 10P416S","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":3720,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":6000,"cycle_life_conditions":"CELL-level, from the same brochure: 280 Ah cell = 6,000 @80% SOH / 8,000 @70% SOH at 25 C and 0.5P; 5,000 @80% SOH / 7,000 @70% SOH at 1P. No DoD stated. Brochure separately notes an optional cell \"with super-long cycling up to 12,000 cycles\" without conditions - treat that as marketing, not a spec.","warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.catl.com/en/uploads/1/file/public/202406/20240624152558_qft6x51t14.pdf","source_title":"CATL - ESS Brochure 202308, \"Storing Infinite Energy - Energy Storage System Solutions and Products\" (EnerC Plus page)","source_date":"2023-08 edition (\"CATL - ESS Brochure 202308\" printed on the back cover); PDF posted to catl.com in June 2024","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Brochure states only: configuration 10P416S, cell 280 Ah, rated voltage 1331.2 V, rated energy 3.72 MWh, IP55, 35 t, 6058*2438*2896 mm. NO kW rating, no RTE, no usable energy, no DoD, no warranty. Power depends on the P-rate ordered and I did not infer it. Trade press (ESS News, 2026-08-25) describes plain EnerC as a 1-hour system and EnerC Plus as 2-hour, but that is not a CATL document.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"catl--enerc-306-containerized-liquid-cooling-battery-s","maker":"CATL","maker_full":"CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited)","country":"China","model":"EnerC+ 306 containerized liquid-cooling battery system (model C02306P05L01, 4073.47 kWh)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale / container (20-ft, non-walk-in)","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4), 306 Ah cell, 979.2 Wh/cell, 2P52S per module, 8 modules per rack, 5 racks per container","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":4073.47,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":2036.73,"power_kw_charge":2036.73,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":"The specification DEFINES RTE (DC-DC, measured at the container DC terminals, 100%->0% SOC discharge over 0%->100% SOC charge) but states NO numeric value.","cycle_life":8000,"cycle_life_conditions":"CELL-level only, from CATL ESS Brochure 202308: 306 Ah cell = 8,000 @80% SOH / 10,000 @70% SOH, 25 C, 0.5P. The container specification itself states no cycle life. No DoD stated.","warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/csc/1_dockets-medialibrary/1_media_do500_600/do527/applicantsubmissions/application/7---appendix-e_bess-vendor-specifications.pdf","source_title":"CATL, \"EnerC+ 306 Container Product Specification\", Version 1.0 - filed as Appendix E \"BESS Vendor Specifications\", Connecticut Siting Council Docket 527","source_date":"2022-11-30 (Version 1.0 first release). A later Version 1.1 dated 2023-04-24 (\"Updated some descriptions\", same power/energy numbers) is at https://green-energy.bg/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/enerc-306-container-product-specification-v1.1_compressed.pdf","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Chosen source is the CATL datasheet as submitted into a US state regulator's docket, so the document provenance is verifiable. States: rated charging/discharging current 1530 A (max 1958.4 A for 1 min), 1331.2 VDC, 1040-1500 VDC, 6058*2438*2896 mm, ~36 t, IP55, C4 (C5 optional), -25..+55 C, area energy density >270 kWh/m2. Missing: numeric RTE, usable energy, DoD, cycle life, warranty. A distributor-translated CATL \"Product sheet EnerC+ container\" with identical numbers is at https://7sun.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/CATL-EnerC-Datasheet.pdf.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"catl--enerd-5-mwh-liquid-cooled-prefabricated-cabin","maker":"CATL","maker_full":"CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited)","country":"China","model":"EnerD (5 MWh liquid-cooled prefabricated cabin)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale / container (20-ft prefabricated cabin)","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4); widely reported as CATL's 314 Ah storage cell, but that cell figure is NOT in any CATL document I opened","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":5000,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":"Not stated.","warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.catl.com/en/news/6488.html","source_title":"CATL news, \"CATL Obtains China's First National Standard Certification for Energy Storage Systems\" (the certified product is the 5MWh EnerD liquid-cooling energy storage system)","source_date":"2025-06-13","source_quality":"manufacturer-page","gaps":"Only the 5 MWh figure and the integrated scope (battery packs, BMS, PCS, cooling, fire protection in a standardised prefabricated cabin) come from CATL. NO EnerD datasheet is public - it is absent from catl.com's brochure and I found no distributor-hosted CATL EnerD specification. The frequently repeated \"314 Ah cell, 3.354 MWh -> 5.0 MWh, -29% footprint\" figures trace only to reseller blogs and a LinkedIn repost, so I have NOT entered them. Power kW, RTE, usable energy, DoD, cycle life and warranty are all unknown.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"catl--enerone-280-ah-outdoor-liquid-cooling-rack-372-7","maker":"CATL","maker_full":"CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited)","country":"China","model":"EnerOne (280 Ah outdoor liquid-cooling rack, 372.7 kWh)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"commercial / utility-scale (outdoor cabinet-rack, building block of larger plants)","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4)","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":372.7,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":8000,"cycle_life_conditions":"CELL-level, not system-level. CATL ESS Brochure 202308 lists the 280 Ah cell at 6,000 cycles @80% SOH and 8,000 cycles @70% SOH, 25 C, 0.5P charge/discharge (5,000 / 7,000 at 1P). The older CATL ESS Brochure 202205 and the 2020 CATL BESS brochure both list the 280 Ah cell at 8,000 cycles @70% retention, 25 C. No DoD is stated anywhere; the endpoint given is a state-of-health retention, not a DoD.","warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.catl.com/en/uploads/1/file/public/202205/20220512225901_d0k23qtykm.pdf","source_title":"CATL - ESS Brochure 202205, \"Storing Infinite Energy - Energy Storage System Solutions and Product Brochure\" (Outdoor Liquid Cooling Battery System / EnerOne page)","source_date":"2022-05 (file stamped 202205 on catl.com; the same product page also appears in the 202209 copy at https://www.catl.com/en/uploads/1/file/public/202209/20220920224615_o1s6j6huam.pdf)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Opened document states only: configuration 1P416S, cell 280 Ah, rated voltage 1331.2 V, rated energy 372.7 kWh, IP66, 3500 kg, 1300*1300*2280 mm. It does NOT state kW, round-trip efficiency, usable energy, DoD or warranty. An integrator product sheet (ECO STOR, Norway - reseller quality, not CATL) states \"Rated power 370 kW (1C)\" and \"60% state of health after 14 years if run at 1 cycle per day at 1C\" for this same 372.7 kWh block: https://25163688.fs1.hubspotusercontent-eu1.net/hubfs/25163688/Service%20pages/ECO%20STOR%20Product%20Sheet%20372kWh%20block.pdf (dated 2024-10-04). The 2020 CATL BESS brochure (https://www.catl.com/en/uploads/1/file/public/202010/20201026135925_y06ysmij9p.pdf) lists two SKUs of this rack, O852280-E (duration h>=2, i.e. 0.5P) and O852280-P (1<=h<2, i.e. 1P), both 372.7 kWh nominal - so the kW rating depends on which SKU is ordered and cannot be assumed.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"catl--enerone-0-5p-outdoor-liquid-cooling-rack-model-r","maker":"CATL","maker_full":"CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited)","country":"China","model":"EnerOne+ 0.5P outdoor liquid-cooling rack (model R08306P05L31, 306 Ah)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"commercial / utility-scale (outdoor cabinet-rack)","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4), 306 Ah cell, 2.5-3.65 V, 979.2 Wh/cell, 1P416S","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":407.34,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":203.67,"power_kw_charge":203.67,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":"The datasheet DEFINES round-trip efficiency (\"discharging energy from 100% SOC to 0% SOC divided by charging energy from 0% SOC to 100% SOC, measured at the DC terminals of the Rack\") but gives NO numeric value anywhere in the 31-page document.","cycle_life":8000,"cycle_life_conditions":"CELL-level, from CATL ESS Brochure 202308: 306 Ah cell = 8,000 cycles @80% SOH and 10,000 cycles @70% SOH, at 25 C, 0.5P charge/discharge. The rack product specification itself states no cycle life. No DoD stated.","warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://7sun-online.sk/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/CATL-EnerOne-Specyfikacja-produktu-2.pdf","source_title":"CATL, \"0.5P EnerOne+ Outdoor Liquid Cooling Rack - Product Specification\", Version 2.0","source_date":"2023-08-22 (Version 2.0; Version 1.0 = 2023-02-03, per the revision table on page 1)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"This IS a CATL-authored specification (CATL letterhead, Ningde address, catl.com), but it is mirrored on a distributor domain (7SUN) because CATL does not publish it itself; an identical copy is at https://7sun.pl/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/CATL-EnerOne-Specyfikacja-produktu-1.pdf. Document is marked confidential by CATL. Document states: rated charging current 153 A (max 195.8 A <1 min), rated discharging current 153 A, rated voltage 1331.2 VDC, range 1040-1500 VDC, 2348*1390*1344.1 mm, 3600 +/-100 kg, -25..+55 C charge and discharge. Missing: numeric RTE, usable energy, DoD, cycle life, warranty. Confirmed independently by CATL ESS Brochure 202308 (407.3 kWh, 1P416S, IP66, ~3650 kg).","spot_verified":null},{"id":"catl--enerone-1p-outdoor-liquid-cooling-rack-285-ah-37","maker":"CATL","maker_full":"CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited)","country":"China","model":"EnerOne+ 1P outdoor liquid-cooling rack (285 Ah, 379.4 kWh)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"commercial / utility-scale (outdoor cabinet-rack, ~1 h duration variant)","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4), 285 Ah cell, module configuration 1P52S x8","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":379.4,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":7000,"cycle_life_conditions":"CELL-level, from CATL ESS Brochure 202308: 285 Ah cell = 7,000 cycles @80% SOH and 9,000 cycles @70% SOH, at 25 C, 1P charge/discharge. No DoD stated.","warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://7sun.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/datasheet-catl-enerone-379-4-kwh-1-c.pdf","source_title":"CATL, \"EnerOne+ Introduction - SC-ES OES\" (9-slide product deck; product specification table on slide 3)","source_date":"2023-08-25 (date printed on the cover slide)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"CRITICAL FOR ARBITRAGE MATH: the document states the charge/discharge RATE as \"1P/1P\" but gives NO kW figure. I did not multiply 379.4 kWh x 1P myself - power_kw is reported null on purpose. Same deck also covers the 0.5P/306 Ah variant (407.3 kWh). Deck is marked \"*Internal\" by CATL and is mirrored by distributors; an identical copy is at https://green-energy.bg/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/catl-enerone-datasheet_compressed.pdf. Confirmed by CATL ESS Brochure 202308 (379.4 kWh, 285 Ah, IP66, ~3515 kg, 2343.5*1390*1344.1 mm). No RTE, usable energy, DoD or warranty anywhere in it.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"catl--enerx-liquid-cooled-energy-storage-container-mod","maker":"CATL","maker_full":"CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited)","country":"China","model":"EnerX liquid-cooled energy storage container (model C06530P25L01, 5644.29 kWh)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale / container (20-ft, 4-hour / 0.25P)","chemistry":"LFP (\"LFP battery bank\"), configuration 4P2P416S, 530 Ah class cell (per model code C06530...)","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":5644.29,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":1411.07,"power_kw_charge":1411.07,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":"Not stated anywhere in the 97-page manual.","warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://25163688.fs1.hubspotusercontent-eu1.net/hubfs/25163688/Service%20pages/CATL-User%20Manual-EnerX-V1.1-20240723.pdf","source_title":"CATL, \"EnerX Battery Container - Operating Instruction and Maintenance Manual\", protocol number C06530P25L01, section 3.2 \"Product Specification\"","source_date":"2024-07-25 (revision 1.3 in the revision history; document created 2024-03-19)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"CATL-authored manual (CATL letterhead, marked \"CATL Confidential\") published openly by integrator ECO STOR. States: 1331.2 VDC, 1040-1500 VDC, rated charge/discharge current 1060 A (max 1357 A for 1 min) at 0.25P, 6058*2438*2896 mm, ~45 t, IP55 battery and electrical rooms, -35..+55 C charge and discharge, coolant 50% ethylene glycol. Missing: RTE, usable energy, cycle life, DoD, warranty, exact cell Ah (inferred only from the model code, so reported as \"530 Ah class\" rather than asserted).","spot_verified":null},{"id":"catl--tener-6-25-mwh-20-ft-teu-container","maker":"CATL","maker_full":"CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited)","country":"China","model":"TENER (6.25 MWh, 20-ft TEU container)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale / container","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4), CATL \"L-series\" long-life zero-degradation cell","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":6250,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":"Not stated. CATL states only \"zero degradation in power and capacity over the first five years of use\" - a degradation claim, not a cycle count, and no cycling regime is given with it.","warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.catl.com/en/news/6232.html","source_title":"CATL press release, \"CATL Unveils TENER, the World's First Five-Year Zero Degradation Energy Storage System with 6.25MWh Capacity\"","source_date":"2024-04-09","source_quality":"manufacturer-page","gaps":"NO public CATL datasheet exists for TENER - I searched catl.com (the only PDF linked from catl.com/en/ess/ is the 202308 brochure, which predates TENER and does not contain it), distributor sites, and regulator dockets. Only the press release and a follow-up CATL release of 2024-06-21 (https://www.catl.com/en/news/6255.html) are available; both state only 6.25 MWh per 20-ft container, 430 Wh/L cell volumetric density, +30% energy density per unit area, -20% station footprint. Power kW, RTE, usable energy, DoD, cycle life and warranty are ALL unverified. Do not let the app compute money from this row without a kW rating.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"catl--tener-s-eners-6-017-mwh","maker":"CATL","maker_full":"CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited)","country":"China","model":"TENER S / EnerS (6.017 MWh)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale / container (20-ft footprint, liquid-cooled, DC-block)","chemistry":"not stated in the sources I opened (CATL's ESS line is LFP, but neither article states the chemistry for this model)","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":6017,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":"Not stated; only a \"zero degradation\" listing.","warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.ess-news.com/2026/08/25/clarifying-the-catl-tener-s-6-017-mwh-battery-energy-storage-system/","source_title":"ESS News, \"Clarifying the CATL Tener S 6.017 MWh battery energy storage system\"","source_date":"2026-08-25","source_quality":"other","gaps":"WEAKEST ROW - trade press, not a document from CATL. ESS News says it holds an official CATL specification sheet and reports from it: 6.017 MWh rated energy, up to 0.5P charge/discharge, 1500 V, IP55, -35..+55 C, 45 t, standard 20-ft footprint, zero degradation. I could NOT obtain that specification sheet myself. pv magazine published the same figures the same day from the same sheet (https://www.pv-magazine.com/2026/08/25/a-closer-look-at-catl-tener-s-6-017-mwh-bess/). The ~3.01 MW (2 h) and ~1.5 MW (4 h) figures quoted in those articles are the journalists' own arithmetic from the P-rate, not datasheet values, so power_kw is reported null here. Treat this row as provisional until CATL's sheet is in hand.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"catl--tener-stack-9-mwh","maker":"CATL","maker_full":"CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited)","country":"China","model":"TENER Stack (9 MWh)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale / container (stacked, split-transport, 20-ft footprint)","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4), high-energy-density zero-degradation cell","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":9000,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":"Not stated. Again only a \"five-year zero degradation\" claim, with no cycling regime.","warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.catl.com/en/news/6410.html","source_title":"CATL press release, \"CATL Launches World's First 9MWh Ultra-Large Capacity TENER Stack Energy Storage System Solution\"","source_date":"2025-05-07","source_quality":"manufacturer-page","gaps":"Press release only; no datasheet found. States 9 MWh capacity, +45% volume utilisation and +50% projected energy density vs conventional 20-ft containers, +40% land-use efficiency, each half-unit under 36 t for transport, supports centralised and string PCS, 2-hour fire resistance, 65 dB(A) at 1 m, IEEE 693 seismic. NO kW, RTE, usable energy, DoD, cycle life or warranty.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"deye--ai-w5-1-b-spring-ai-series-stacked-floor-mounted","maker":"Deye","maker_full":"Deye (Ningbo Deye Technology Co., Ltd.)","country":"China","model":"AI-W5.1-B (Spring AI series, stacked floor-mounted LV battery; module of the AI-W5.1-B…AI-W30.7-B family)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential (stackable to 30.72 kWh per tower, up to 6 clusters / 36 modules / 184 kWh)","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4), cobalt-free","energy_kwh_usable":4.6,"energy_kwh_nominal":5.12,"dod_fraction":0.9,"power_kw_discharge":2.5,"power_kw_charge":2.5,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":"Not stated. No 'RTE'/'round-trip'/'efficiency' figure in the brochure (only the phrase 'high efficiency' in the feature bullets).","cycle_life":6000,"cycle_life_conditions":"'≥6000 ( 25℃±2℃ , 0.5C / 0.5C, 90%DOD, 70%EOL )'.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":16,"source_url":"https://deye.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/deye-ai-w5.1-b-series_brochure-20260314v1.0_eu.pdf","source_title":"RESIDENTIAL ESS SOLUTION — DEYE SPRING AI SERIES — Stacked Battery (LV), AI-W5.1-B combinations (PDF title: 'Deye AI-W5.1-B Series_Brochure 20260314V1.0_EU')","source_date":"2026-03-14","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Best-documented Deye residential pack: usable energy IS given separately (4.6 kWh) with footnote [1] 'DC Usable Energy, test conditions: 90% DOD, 0.5C charge & discharge at 25℃', alongside nominal 5.12 kWh — both reported, not multiplied. 'Rated DC Power ( KW )' is 2.5 kW for the single module; one figure only, so charge and discharge are reported the same — the brochure does not split them. Larger combinations from the same table, if needed: AI-W10.2-B 10.24/9.2 kWh 5 kW; AI-W15.3-B 15.36/13.8 kWh 7.5 kW; AI-W20.4-B 20.48/18.4 kWh 10 kW; AI-W25.6-B 25.6/23 kWh 12 kW; AI-W30.7-B 30.72/27.6 kWh 12 kW. Current limits: recommend 50 A, max 100 A, peak 150 A (10 s, 25 °C) for the single module. Energy throughput 16 MWh is stated per battery module @70% EOL. RTE: missing.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"deye--bos-a-21-bos-a-pack7-68-modules-in-series-161-28","maker":"Deye","maker_full":"Deye (Ningbo Deye Technology Co., Ltd.)","country":"China","model":"BOS-A (21 × BOS-A-Pack7.68 modules in series, 161.28 kWh rack; referred to as BOS-A160 in the same brochure's application diagrams)","segment":"commercial","segment_raw":"commercial (small-scale C&I, rack-mounted HV)","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4)","energy_kwh_usable":145.15,"energy_kwh_nominal":161.28,"dod_fraction":0.9,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":"Not stated in the brochure.","cycle_life":6000,"cycle_life_conditions":"'≥6000 ( 25±2°C, 0.5C / 0.5C, EOL70% )'. DoD of the cycle test not stated; separate row gives Recommend Depth of Discharge 90%.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://deye.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/bos-a-series_-brochure_20260317v1.1.pdf","source_title":"Small-Scale C&I Energy Storage Solution — BOS-A series (PDF title: 'BOS-A Series_ Brochure_20260317V1.1')","source_date":"2026-03-17","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"POWER: this table gives NO kW row at all — only Charge/Discharge Current: recommend 100 A, max 160 A, at a system nominal voltage of 806.4 V for the 21-module rack (235.2–919.8 V operating). I did not convert. MODEL NAMING: the spec table itself is headed only 'BOS-A' with 7 / 13 / 21 modules in series; the names BOS-A100 and BOS-A160 appear later in the same brochure's application diagrams, so the mapping 21 modules = BOS-A160 is Deye's naming but is not printed inside the spec table. Other configurations: 7 modules = 53.76 kWh nominal / 48.38 usable; 13 modules = 99.84 / 89.85. Usable footnote 1: 'DC Usable Energy, test conditions : 90%DOD, 0.3C charge & discharge at 25°C'. Module: BOS-A-Pack7.68, 7.68 kWh, 38.4 V, 200 Ah, nominal charge/discharge 160 A. RTE: missing.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"deye--bos-b215-bos-b-c-i-series-15-bos-b-pack14-3-modu","maker":"Deye","maker_full":"Deye (Ningbo Deye Technology Co., Ltd.)","country":"China","model":"BOS-B215 (BOS-B C&I series, 15 × BOS-B-Pack14.3 modules in series)","segment":"commercial","segment_raw":"commercial (C&I rack; the BOS-B series spans BOS-B70 … BOS-B215, marketed as 100 kW–2.5 MW solutions)","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4)","energy_kwh_usable":193.05,"energy_kwh_nominal":215,"dod_fraction":0.9,"power_kw_discharge":129.024,"power_kw_charge":129.024,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":"Not stated in the brochure.","cycle_life":6000,"cycle_life_conditions":"'25±2°C, 0.5C / 0.5C, EOL70%≥6000'. DoD of the cycle test not stated; separate row gives Recommend Depth of Discharge 90%.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://deye.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/deye-ci-ess-solution-bos-b-series_brochure-20260227v1.0_eu.pdf","source_title":"Deye C&I ESS Solution — BOS-B Series brochure, EU (PDF title: 'Deye C&I ESS Solution BOS-B Series_Brochure 20260227V1.0_EU')","source_date":"2026-02-27","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Unlike the BOS-A/BOS-G Pro tables, the BOS-B 'System Usable Energy' row carries NO footnote stating the DOD and C-rate it was measured at — only the separate 'Recommend Depth of Discharge 90%' row appears. So 193.05 kWh usable is reported as printed, with its measurement conditions unknown. The rated-power row is printed as 'Rated DC Power(kWH)' — the unit in the source is a typo (kWh for a power row); the value 129.024 is reported as printed. CHEMISTRY: the spec table does not contain a cell-chemistry row; 'LFP batteries' is stated in the feature block of the same brochure. Max charge/discharge current 168 A; thermal management is smart fan cooling. Module: BOS-B-Pack14.3, 14.3 kWh, 51.2 V, 280 Ah, max 168 A. RTE: missing.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"deye--bos-g60-bos-g-series-high-voltage-rack-12-bos-gm","maker":"Deye","maker_full":"Deye (Ningbo Deye Technology Co., Ltd.)","country":"China","model":"BOS-G60 (BOS-G series high-voltage rack, 12 × BOS-GM5.1 modules in series)","segment":"commercial","segment_raw":"commercial (small-scale C&I; Deye also sells 3–12 module variants BOS-G15…BOS-G60)","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4)","energy_kwh_usable":61.44,"energy_kwh_nominal":61.44,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":61.44,"power_kw_charge":61.44,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":"Not stated in the brochure; searched for 'RTE', 'round-trip' and 'efficiency' — only the marketing phrase 'High-Efficiency Use' (about self-discharge), no number.","cycle_life":6000,"cycle_life_conditions":"'25±2°C, 0.5C/0.5C, EOL70%≥6000'. NOTE: this row does not state the DoD the cycle count is measured at, unlike the residential SE/AI datasheets.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://deye.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/deye-bos-g-series_brochure20251119-au_v1.0.pdf","source_title":"Small-Scale C&I Energy Storage Solution — BOS-G, model BOS-GX (X=15…60) (PDF title: 'Deye BOS-G Series_Brochure20251119-AUV1.0')","source_date":"2025-11-19","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"REVISION CONFLICT — important for any P&L. In this AU v1.0 brochure 'System Usable Energy' equals 'System Energy' (61.44 kWh) and 'Recommend Depth of Discharge' is 100%, with footnote 1 'test conditions: 100% DOD, 0.2C charge & discharge at 25°C'. An EARLIER revision of the same BOS-G datasheet (Adobe metadata: created 2025-04-01, hosted by reseller PvPower, https://www.pvpower.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Deye-BOS-G-Datasheet.pdf) gives 'Recommend Depth of Discharge 90%', footnote '90% DOD, 0.5C', and lower usable energy: 18.5 / 36.86 / 55.29 kWh for the 4 / 8 / 12-module racks — i.e. 55.29 kWh usable for the same 61.44 kWh rack. Deye changed the quoted DoD basis between revisions; the app should treat 61.44 kWh usable as a 100%-DOD laboratory value. 'Rated DC Power' 61.44 kW is stated in the table (units column header says kW). Currents: recommend 50 A, nominal 100 A, peak discharge 125 A (2 min, 25 °C). Module = BOS-GM5.1, 5.12 kWh / 51.2 V / 100 Ah. RTE: missing.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"deye--bos-g80-pro-bos-g-pro-series-high-voltage-rack-1","maker":"Deye","maker_full":"Deye (Ningbo Deye Technology Co., Ltd.)","country":"China","model":"BOS-G80-Pro (BOS-G Pro series high-voltage rack, 16 × BOS-G-Pack5.1 modules in series)","segment":"commercial","segment_raw":"commercial (small-scale C&I; series also offers BOS-G25-Pro / G40-Pro / G60-Pro)","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4)","energy_kwh_usable":73.72,"energy_kwh_nominal":81.92,"dod_fraction":0.9,"power_kw_discharge":81.92,"power_kw_charge":81.92,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":"Not stated in the brochure.","cycle_life":6000,"cycle_life_conditions":"'25±2°C, 0.5C / 0.5C, EOL70%≥6000'. DoD for the cycle test is not stated in this row (the separate 'Recommend Depth of Discharge' row says 90%).","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://deye.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/deye-bos-g-pro-series_brochure_eu_20260414v1.0.pdf","source_title":"SMALL-SCALE C&I ESS SOLUTION — DEYE SUMMER BOS SERIES — Rack-Mounted Battery (HV), model BOS-G-Pro (PDF title: 'Deye BOS-G Pro Series_Brochure_EU_20260414V1.0')","source_date":"2026-04-14","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Usable energy is stated separately (73.72 kWh) with footnote 1 'DC Usable Energy, test conditions : 90% DOD, 0.3C charge & discharge at 25°C' — both nominal and usable reported as printed, not multiplied. CAUTION on Deye's own table: for the sibling BOS-G60-Pro the 'Rated DC Power' cell reads 55.3 kW while its System Energy is 61.44 kWh (the 55.3 value duplicates that row's usable-energy figure) — looks like a typographical error in the source, which is why I report the BOS-G80-Pro row (81.92 kWh system energy / 81.92 kW rated DC power, internally consistent). Other configurations from the same table: BOS-G25-Pro 25.6 kWh / 23.04 usable / 25.6 kW; BOS-G40-Pro 40.96 / 36.86 / 40.96. Currents: recommend 50 A, nominal 100 A, peak discharge 125 A (2 min, 25 °C). RTE: missing.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"deye--ge-f128-bc-2-a3-orion-e-ge-f128-series-outdoor-c","maker":"Deye","maker_full":"Deye (Ningbo Deye Technology Co., Ltd.)","country":"China","model":"GE-F128-BC-2-A3 (ORION E GE-F128 series outdoor C&I battery cabinet, 8 × BOS-B-Pack16-A3)","segment":"commercial","segment_raw":"commercial (outdoor floor-mounted C&I cabinet, 30–60 kW 2/3/4 h; up to 10 units paralleled)","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4), 314 Ah cells","energy_kwh_usable":128.61,"energy_kwh_nominal":128.61,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":64,"power_kw_charge":64,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":"No battery round-trip efficiency is published. The brochure's 97.60% / 98.7% 'Max. Efficiency', 97.0% / 98.10% 'Euro Efficiency' and '>99% MPPT Efficiency' figures belong to the matched SUN-xxK-SG02HP3 hybrid INVERTER table in the same PDF — they are DC/AC conversion efficiencies, not a storage round-trip figure, and must not be used as RTE.","cycle_life":8000,"cycle_life_conditions":"'≥8000 (25±2°C,0.5P,EOL70%)'. Quoted at 0.5P (power-rate), and the row does not state a DoD.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://deye.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/deye-orion-e_ge-f128-_series-brochure-_eu_20260904v1.0-1.pdf","source_title":"Deye ORION E — GE-F128 Series brochure, EU (PDF title: 'Deye ORION E_GE-F128 _Series  Brochure _EU_20260904V1.0'); spec table covers GE-F96/F112/F128-BC-2-A3","source_date":"2026-09-04","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"System Usable Energy equals System Nominal Energy (128.61 kWh) because footnote 1 says 'Test conditions : 100% DOD, 0.5P charge & discharge at 25°C' — hence dod_fraction 1.0 is the measurement basis, NOT a recommended operating depth; this table has no 'Recommend Depth of Discharge' row at all, so no derating guidance exists in the source. Currents: recommend 157 A, max continuous 180 A, peak discharge 285 A @15 s / 20–45 °C. Smart air cooling, IP55, -30…55 °C with derating above 45 °C. Sibling configs in the same table: GE-F96-BC-2-A3 96.46 kWh / 48 kW, GE-F112-BC-2-A3 112.53 kWh / 56 kW. Larger siblings (separate brochures, same series): GE-F240-BC-2-A3 241.15 kWh / 121 kW and GE-F256-BC-2-A3 257.23 kWh / 129 kW, both ≥8000 cycles, 10-year warranty. RTE: missing.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"deye--se-g10-2-spring-series-lfp-battery-low-voltage-r","maker":"Deye","maker_full":"Deye (Ningbo Deye Technology Co., Ltd.)","country":"China","model":"SE-G10.2 (Spring series LFP battery, low-voltage rack/wall module)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential (AS/AF/LATAM; up to 64 packs / 655 kWh in parallel)","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4)","energy_kwh_usable":10.24,"energy_kwh_nominal":10.24,"dod_fraction":0.9,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":"Not stated anywhere in the manual.","cycle_life":6000,"cycle_life_conditions":"'≥6000(25°C±2°C,0.5C/0.5C,90%DOD,70%EOL)'.","warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://deye.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/deye-ess-user-manual-se-g10.2-as-af-laen-v05_20260318.pdf","source_title":"Deye User Manual — Spring series LFP Battery SE-G10.2, Issue 05, Date 20260318 (section 2.2 Product Specifications, Table 2-1)","source_date":"2026-03-18","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"USABLE = NOMINAL here because footnote [1] attached to 'Nominal Energy (kWh) 10.24' reads 'DC Usable Energy, Test conditions: 25℃±2℃, at beginning of life, 0.5C charge & 0.5C discharge, 100% DOD'. So 10.24 kWh is a beginning-of-life, 100%-DOD figure; the separate 'Recommend Depth of Discharge' row says 90% DoD. Do not use 10.24 kWh as the daily arbitrage window and do not multiply it by 0.9 on my behalf — both numbers are reported as the document gives them. POWER: no kW figure; Max charge/discharge 100 A continuous, peak 200 A for 10 s, at 51.2 V nominal (44.8–57.6 V), cell config 2P16S. WARRANTY: absent from the manual; Deye's SE-G5.1/SE-G10.2 brochure (Uzbek, 2025-05-16) states 5 years. RTE: missing.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"deye--se-g5-1-spring-series-lfp-battery-low-voltage-ra","maker":"Deye","maker_full":"Deye (Ningbo Deye Technology Co., Ltd.)","country":"China","model":"SE-G5.1 (Spring series LFP battery, low-voltage rack/wall module)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential (AS/AF/LATAM markets; up to 64 packs / 327 kWh in parallel)","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4)","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":5.12,"dod_fraction":0.8,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":"Not stated. Searched the whole 40-page manual: the only 'efficiency' hit is about the hydrometallurgical recycling process (80% material recovery), which is unrelated to electrical round-trip efficiency.","cycle_life":6000,"cycle_life_conditions":"Manual: '≥6000(25°C±2°C,0.5C/0.5C,90%DOD,70%EOL)'. NOTE a conflict with Deye's own SE-G5.1 series brochure, which for the same model states '≥6000 ( 25℃±2℃, 0,2C / 0,2C, 80%DOD, 70%EOL )' — https://deye.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/deye-se-g5.1-seriyasi_broshyura-2025-05-16-v1.0-uzbek.pdf (Uzbek-language, v1.0, 2025-05-16).","warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://deye.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/deye-ess-user-manual-se-g5.1-as-af-laen-v03_20260318.pdf","source_title":"Deye User Manual — Spring series LFP Battery SE-G5.1, Issue 3, Date 20260318 (section 2.2 Product Specifications, Table 2-1)","source_date":"2026-03-18","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"This is Deye's official user manual, not a standalone datasheet — deye.com publishes no English datasheet PDF for SE-G5.1 (only the manual and an Uzbek-language brochure). USABLE ENERGY: reported null deliberately. The table has ONE energy row, 'Energy (kWh)[1] 5.12', and footnote [1] says 'DC Usable Energy, test conditions: 90% DOD, 0.5C charge & discharge at 25°C'. That is internally inconsistent — 100 Ah × 51.2 V is exactly 5.12 kWh, i.e. the nominal figure, so it cannot also be the 90%-DOD usable figure. I am not resolving the contradiction by arithmetic. POWER: not in kW; manual gives Max charge/discharge current 50 A continuous, peak 100 A for 10 s, at 51.2 V nominal (44.8–57.6 V). WARRANTY: absent from the manual; the Uzbek brochure (link above) states 5 years. DoD 0.8 is the manual's 'Recommend Depth of Discharge 80%DoD' row.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"deye--se-g5-1-pro-b-spring-se-series-low-voltage-rack-","maker":"Deye","maker_full":"Deye (Ningbo Deye Technology Co., Ltd.)","country":"China","model":"SE-G5.1 Pro-B (Spring SE series, low-voltage rack/wall module)","segment":"commercial","segment_raw":"residential (Deye also markets it for light commercial; up to 64 packs / 327 kWh in parallel)","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4)","energy_kwh_usable":5.12,"energy_kwh_nominal":5.12,"dod_fraction":0.9,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":"No round-trip / DC efficiency figure anywhere in this brochure. I searched the full text of the brochure and of the deye.com product page for 'RTE', 'round-trip' and 'efficiency' — the only occurrences are marketing adjectives ('high efficiency'), no number.","cycle_life":6000,"cycle_life_conditions":"Datasheet row reads '≥6000 ( 25℃±2℃, 0.5C / 0.5C, 90%DOD, 70%EOL )'. So 6000 is a floor, not a point value.","warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":16,"source_url":"https://deye.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/deye-se-g5.1-pro-b-series_brochure_20260907v1.0.pdf","source_title":"RESIDENTIAL ESS SOLUTION — DEYE SPRING SE SERIES — Rack-Mounted Battery (LV), model SE-G5.1 Pro-B (PDF title: 'Deye SE-G5.1 Pro-B Series_Brochure_20260907V1.0')","source_date":"2026-09-07","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"POWER: the document never states kW. It gives Charge/Discharge Current: recommend 50 A, Max 100 A, Peak 150 A (2 min, 25 °C), at 51.2 V nominal / 43.2–57.6 V operating, plus a built-in 125 A 2P 60 Vdc breaker. I did not multiply V×A for you. USABLE vs NOMINAL: the table has two separate rows — 'Energy (kWh) 5.12' and 'Usable Energy (kWh)[1] 5.12', where footnote [1] = 'DC Usable Energy, test conditions: 100% DOD, 0.5C charge & discharge at 25℃'. A separate row says 'Recommend Depth of Discharge 90%'. So 5.12 kWh usable is a 100%-DOD laboratory figure while the recommended operating DoD is 90% — do not treat 5.12 kWh as the daily cycling window. WARRANTY: stated as '5 Years / 10 Years — the warranty period depends on the final installation site of the battery system', so no single number is reportable; the same row gives Energy Throughput 16 MWh@70%EOL. RTE: missing.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"deye--ws-gs2000-2h3-winter-ws-series-20-ft-air-cooled-","maker":"Deye","maker_full":"Deye (Ningbo Deye Technology Co., Ltd.)","country":"China","model":"WS-GS2000-2H3 (Winter WS series, 20 ft air-cooled utility-scale ESS container with integrated PCS/MPPT/EMS)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale / container (1 MW PCS output, 2057 kWh; Deye also lists WS-G2000-2H3 without PV and 4 h variants WS-GS2000-4H3 / WS-G2000-4H3 at 500 kW)","chemistry":"LFP (cell type stated as 'LFP', 314 Ah cells, PACK 1P16S, battery configuration 256S1P×8)","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":2057,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":1000,"power_kw_charge":1000,"round_trip_efficiency":0.885,"efficiency_conditions":"Printed as 'Max.RTE 88.50%' in the AC-parameter block (and as 'Max RTE: 88.5%' in the highlights). This is a MAXIMUM AC-side round-trip efficiency for the whole integrated container including the PCS — the document states no test conditions (no C-rate, temperature, SOC window or DoD). For arbitrage maths treat 0.885 as an upper bound, not an expected value.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":"Not stated. I searched the full brochure text for 'cycle', 'warranty', 'DOD', 'throughput' and 'degradation' — zero hits. Deye publishes no cycle life for this container in this document.","warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://deye.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/deye-ws-gs2000-2h3-series_brochure-20260224.pdf","source_title":"UTILITY-SCALE ESS SOLUTION — DEYE WINTER WS SERIES — Air-Cooled ESS, models WS-GS2000-2H3 / WS-G2000-2H3 (PDF title: 'Deye WS-GS2000-2H3 Series_Brochure 20260224')","source_date":"2026-02-24","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"POWER: 1000 kW is the AC rated power of the PCS (max apparent power 1100 kVA, 1443 A at 400 V, 3L+N+PE); the brochure gives one figure, not separate charge/discharge limits, so both are reported the same. ENERGY: 2057 kWh is 'Battery energy'; NO usable-energy row and NO depth-of-discharge row exist — usable energy and DoD are therefore null, not estimated. Battery voltage range 819.2 Vdc (691.2–921.6 Vdc). No cycle life, no warranty, no degradation curve in the document. The sibling liquid-cooled utility product WS-L4300-BC-3 (4340 kWh, LiFePO4, 314 Ah, 768 Vdc, ≤0.5P charge/discharge rate, 1125 kW PCS — https://deye.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/deye-ws-l4300-bc-3-ws-pcs1125-ws-ts1000-series_brochure-20260210v1.0.pdf, 2026-02-10 v1.0) likewise publishes no cycle life, warranty or RTE, which is why I did not add it as a separate row.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"enphase-energy-inc--iq-battery-10","maker":"Enphase Energy, Inc.","maker_full":"Enphase Energy, Inc.","country":"United States (Fremont, California)","model":"IQ Battery 10","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (lithium iron phosphate)","energy_kwh_usable":10.08,"energy_kwh_nominal":10.5,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":3.84,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.89,"efficiency_conditions":"'Round trip efficiency 89%' in the OUTPUT (AC) block, footnote 2: 'AC to Battery to AC at 50% power rating.' Separate DC-side 'Round trip efficiency 96%' in the BATTERY block.","cycle_life":4000,"cycle_life_conditions":"Warranty limit, not a lab rating: '>70% capacity, up to 10 years or 4,000 cycles', whichever occurs first. No DoD condition given. This older generation retains the shorter 10-year / 4,000-cycle term — do NOT copy the 5P/10T's 15-year / 6,000-cycle terms onto it.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://enphase.com/download/iq-battery-10-data-sheet","source_title":"IQ Battery 10 — Data sheet, IQB-10-DSH-00250-2.0-EN-US-2024-03-21","source_date":"2024-03-21","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Total 10.5 kWh vs usable 10.08 kWh, both stated. CHARGE POWER NOT STATED. POWER IS kVA: 3.84 kVA continuous, 5.7 kVA peak (10 s) — note 5.7, not the 10T's 5.76. Earlier 'Encharge 10' generation (model number still ENCHARGE-10-1P-NA), wireless 2.4 GHz comms; largely superseded by the 5P/10C but a large installed base exists. Footnote 1 on the AC block reads 'Supported in backup/off-grid operations', unlike the 3T/10T sheets which say 'both grid-connected and backup'.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"enphase-energy-inc--iq-battery-10c","maker":"Enphase Energy, Inc.","maker_full":"Enphase Energy, Inc.","country":"United States (Fremont, California)","model":"IQ Battery 10C","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (lithium iron phosphate)","energy_kwh_usable":10,"energy_kwh_nominal":10,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":7.08,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.9,"efficiency_conditions":"'AC round-trip efficiency 90%', footnote 9: 'AC to the battery to AC at 50% power rating.' Separately 'DC round-trip efficiency 96%' with no stated conditions. Use 90% for AC-coupled arbitrage.","cycle_life":6000,"cycle_life_conditions":"Warranty limit, not a lab rating: '60% capacity, up to 15 years, or 6,000 cycles', whichever occurs first. No DoD or C-rate condition given.","warranty_years":15,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://enphase.com/download/iq-battery-10c-data-sheet","source_title":"IQ Battery 10C — North America Data Sheet, DSH-00565-9.0-EN-2026-02-26","source_date":"2026-02-26","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"This is the one model with a genuine kW discharge figure: 'Maximum continuous discharge rates (MCDR) 7.08 kW' alongside 'Rated (continuous) output power 7.08 kVA' — so 7.08 is safe to treat as kW here. CHARGE POWER STILL NOT STATED (MCDR is discharge only). Peak current 56 A (3 s) / 44.8 A (10 s); peak power not given in kVA. Built from two 5 kWh units. Same usable-capacity footnote as the 5P: the 10.0 kWh usable already contains a 2% outage reserve plus 3% for night-time electronics, so schedulable energy is lower and Enphase does not publish it. 120/240 V split-phase, 60 Hz — North America only; there is no EU/50 Hz 10C sheet. Newest revision of any Enphase residential sheet (Feb 2026).","spot_verified":null},{"id":"enphase-energy-inc--iq-battery-10t","maker":"Enphase Energy, Inc.","maker_full":"Enphase Energy, Inc.","country":"United States (Fremont, California)","model":"IQ Battery 10T","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (lithium iron phosphate)","energy_kwh_usable":10.08,"energy_kwh_nominal":10.5,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":3.84,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.89,"efficiency_conditions":"'Round trip efficiency 89%' in the OUTPUT (AC) block, footnote 2: 'AC to battery to AC at 50% power rating.' A separate 'Round trip efficiency 96%' sits in the BATTERY block (DC side). Use 89% for AC-coupled arbitrage — note this is a point lower than the newer 5P/10C generation.","cycle_life":6000,"cycle_life_conditions":"Warranty limit, not a lab rating: '>60% capacity, up to 15 years or 6,000 cycles', whichever occurs first. No DoD condition given. NOTE: the superseded 2021 revision of this same sheet said '>70% capacity, up to 10 years or 4000 cycles, extendable to 15 years' — Enphase revised the terms upward, so always cite the 2024 revision.","warranty_years":15,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://enphase.com/download/iq-battery-10t-data-sheet","source_title":"IQ Battery 10T — Data Sheet, IQB-10T-DSH-00085-3.0-EN-US-2024-04-09","source_date":"2024-04-09","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Here nominal and usable genuinely differ: total 10.5 kWh vs usable 10.08 kWh, both stated explicitly — reported as given, not multiplied. CHARGE POWER NOT STATED. POWER IS kVA: 3.84 kVA continuous, 5.76 kVA peak (10 s). Note the poor power-to-energy ratio — 10.08 kWh behind only 3.84 kVA means a full discharge takes ~2.6 h, which limits how much of a daily price spread this unit can capture compared with the 10C (10 kWh behind 7.08 kW). Comprised of three IQ Battery 3T base units.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"enphase-energy-inc--iq-battery-3","maker":"Enphase Energy, Inc.","maker_full":"Enphase Energy, Inc.","country":"United States (Fremont, California)","model":"IQ Battery 3","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (lithium iron phosphate)","energy_kwh_usable":3.36,"energy_kwh_nominal":3.5,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":1.28,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.89,"efficiency_conditions":"'Round trip efficiency 89%' in the OUTPUT (AC) block, footnote 2: 'AC to battery to AC at 50% power rating.' Separate DC-side 'Round trip efficiency 96%' in the BATTERY block.","cycle_life":4000,"cycle_life_conditions":"Warranty limit, not a lab rating: '>70% capacity, up to 10 years or 4,000 cycles', whichever occurs first. No DoD condition given.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://enphase.com/download/iq-battery-3-data-sheet","source_title":"IQ Battery 3 — Data sheet, IQB-3-DSH-00249-2.0-EN-US-2024-03-21","source_date":"2024-03-21","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Total 3.5 kWh vs usable 3.36 kWh, both stated. CHARGE POWER NOT STATED. POWER IS kVA: 1.28 kVA continuous, 1.92 kVA peak (10 s). Single-unit building block of the IQ Battery 10; earlier 'Encharge 3' generation (ENCHARGE-3-1P-NA). Smallest and least suitable for arbitrage.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"enphase-energy-inc--iq-battery-3t","maker":"Enphase Energy, Inc.","maker_full":"Enphase Energy, Inc.","country":"United States (Fremont, California)","model":"IQ Battery 3T","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (lithium iron phosphate)","energy_kwh_usable":3.36,"energy_kwh_nominal":3.5,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":1.28,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.89,"efficiency_conditions":"'Round trip efficiency 89%' in the OUTPUT (AC) block, footnote 2: 'AC to battery to AC at 50% power rating.' Separate DC-side 'Round trip efficiency 96%' in the BATTERY block.","cycle_life":6000,"cycle_life_conditions":"Warranty limit, not a lab rating: '>60% capacity, up to 15 years or 6,000 cycles', whichever occurs first. No DoD condition given.","warranty_years":15,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://enphase.com/download/iq-battery-3t-data-sheet","source_title":"IQ Battery 3T — Data Sheet, IQB-3T-DSH-00084-3.0-EN-US-2024-04-09","source_date":"2024-04-09","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Total 3.5 kWh vs usable 3.36 kWh, both stated. CHARGE POWER NOT STATED. POWER IS kVA: 1.28 kVA continuous, 1.92 kVA peak (10 s). Very low power-to-energy ratio (~2.6 h to full discharge) — weak arbitrage candidate. This is the single-unit building block of the 10T; up to three units per 20 A branch circuit.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"enphase-energy-inc--iq-battery-5p-north-america","maker":"Enphase Energy, Inc.","maker_full":"Enphase Energy, Inc.","country":"United States (Fremont, California)","model":"IQ Battery 5P (North America)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (lithium iron phosphate)","energy_kwh_usable":5,"energy_kwh_nominal":5,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":3.84,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.9,"efficiency_conditions":"Datasheet gives TWO figures: 'AC round-trip efficiency 90%' with footnote 6 'AC to the battery to AC at 50% power rating', and separately 'DC round-trip efficiency 96%'. For AC-coupled grid arbitrage the 90% AC-to-AC figure is the applicable one; 96% is DC-side only and must NOT be used for a grid P&L. No temperature stated in this NA revision.","cycle_life":6000,"cycle_life_conditions":"NOT a lab cycle-life rating. This is the warranty end-of-term limit: '>60% capacity, up to 15-year or 6,000 cycles', whichever occurs first. Enphase states no depth-of-discharge or C-rate condition for the cycle count. Confirmed against the official US limited warranty (enphase.com/download/iq-battery-5p-limited-warranty-en, effective April 3, 2023), which reads: ends on the earlier of (a) 15 years from the Activation Date or (b) 6,000 discharged cycles.","warranty_years":15,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://enphase.com/download/iq-battery-5p-data-sheet","source_title":"IQ Battery 5P — North America Data Sheet, DSH-00010-11.0-EN-2025-05-06","source_date":"2025-05-06","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"CHARGE POWER NOT STATED — the datasheet gives only 'Rated (continuous) output power' (discharge). Do not assume charge = discharge. POWER IS kVA, NOT kW: 3.84 kVA at 240 VAC, and 3.33 kVA at 208 VAC (208 V does not support backup/off-grid). Peak is 7.68 kVA (3 s) / peak current 32 A (3 s), 25.6 A (10 s). DoD not stated. Note the usable-capacity footnote: usable 5.0 kWh already includes a 2% safety-critical reserve for long grid outages plus 3% held for battery electronics at night, so schedulable energy for arbitrage is below 5.0 kWh — Enphase does not publish the net number. No warranty energy-throughput (MWh) term exists; I grepped the datasheet and the warranty PDF and both contain zero MWh/throughput mentions.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"enphase-energy-inc--iq-battery-5p-with-flexphase-international-iqbat","maker":"Enphase Energy, Inc.","maker_full":"Enphase Energy, Inc.","country":"United States (Fremont, California)","model":"IQ Battery 5P with FlexPhase (International, IQBATTERY-5P-3P-INT)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (lithium iron phosphate)","energy_kwh_usable":5,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":3.84,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.9,"efficiency_conditions":"'AC round-trip efficiency 90%', footnote 5: 'AC to the battery to AC at 50% power rating at 25°C (at the beginning of life). Actual round-trip efficiencies can vary based on ambient temperatures, load patterns, and other external factors.' Separately 'DC round-trip efficiency 96%', footnote 8: 'At the beginning of life.' This is the only Enphase sheet that states the 25°C / beginning-of-life condition explicitly.","cycle_life":6000,"cycle_life_conditions":"Warranty limit, not a lab rating: '>60% capacity, up to 15 years or 6000 cycles', whichever occurs first. No DoD or C-rate condition given.","warranty_years":15,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://enphase.com/en-in/download/iq-battery-5p-flexphase-data-sheet","source_title":"IQ Battery 5P with FlexPhase — Data Sheet, DSH-00818-2.0-EN-2025-09-18","source_date":"2025-09-18","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"NO 'Total capacity' ROW AT ALL on this sheet — it lists only 'Usable capacity 5.0 kWh', so nominal is left null rather than guessed. CHARGE POWER NOT STATED. POWER IS kVA AND IS COMMISSIONING-CONFIGURABLE, NOT A SINGLE VALUE: single-phase 1.65 / 2.50 / 3.00 / 3.68 / 3.84 kVA; three-phase 1.84 / 2.50 / 3.00 / 3.68 / 3.84 kVA (0.61 / 0.83 / 1.00 / 1.23 / 1.28 kVA per phase). 3.84 kVA is the maximum, selected in the Enphase Installer App — an arbitrage model must take the commissioned setting as an input, not hard-code 3.84. 230 VL-N / 400 VL-L, 50 Hz (EU grid — this is the variant relevant to a Ukrainian deployment). Derating: charging power reduced below 15°C and above 45°C; discharging reduced below 5°C and above 50°C — material for winter arbitrage, but Enphase gives no derating curve.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"enphase-energy-inc--iq-battery-c80","maker":"Enphase Energy, Inc.","maker_full":"Enphase Energy, Inc.","country":"United States (Fremont, California)","model":"IQ Battery C80","segment":"commercial","segment_raw":"commercial (C&I; modular, scales to multi-MWh)","chemistry":"LFP (lithium iron phosphate)","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":80,"dod_fraction":0.975,"power_kw_discharge":40,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.9,"efficiency_conditions":"Datasheet states 'AC round-trip efficiency >90%' — a LOWER BOUND, not a point value, and no test conditions (power level, temperature, state of life) are given. 0.90 is recorded as the conservative floor. This is the weakest efficiency datum of the eight and should be treated as an assumption in any P&L, not a measurement.","cycle_life":7000,"cycle_life_conditions":"From the datasheet feature bullet: 'Industry-leading 15-year warranty up to 7,000 cycles'. No DoD, C-rate or capacity-retention threshold is stated for the cycle count on this sheet (unlike the residential sheets, which state the >60% retention figure). The separate C80 warranty document was not located.","warranty_years":15,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://enphase.com/download/iq-battery-c80-data-sheet","source_title":"IQ Battery C80 — North America Data Sheet, DSH-00925-5.0-EN-2026-08-17","source_date":"2026-08-17","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"NOT YET DEPLOYED — announced August 2026, US pre-orders open, shipments expected Q1 2027. Included because it is Enphase's only non-residential product, but it has zero field deployment; do not present it as an installed option. NOMINAL AND DoD REPORTED SEPARATELY AND DELIBERATELY NOT MULTIPLIED: 'Rated capacity 80 kWh' with footnote 'The rated capacity includes a safety-critical limit of 2.5% ... Depth of discharge excludes the 2.5% buffer', and 'Depth of discharge 97.5%'. The app must do that multiplication itself and label it as derived. TWO VOLTAGE VARIANTS with different power: IQ-BT-C80-V5-R3 (277Y/480 V) = 40 kVA, 48 A; IQ-BT-C80-V6-R3 (120Y/208 V) = 33 kVA, 91.7 A. 40 kVA is recorded here; use 33 for the 208 V variant. POWER IS kVA, NOT kW. CHARGE POWER NOT STATED, but a 'C-rate 0.5' is given for the system — 0.5 C on 80 kWh implies 40 kW, which I have NOT written into the charge field because Enphase does not state it as a charge rating. Three-phase 4-wire, 60 Hz — no 50 Hz/EU variant published, so this is not currently deployable in Ukraine. Services listed include 'ToU Shifting' and 'Peak Shaving', i.e. Enphase markets it for exactly the arbitrage use case; forced-air cooled (auxiliary/parasitic load is a real arbitrage cost and is NOT quantified on the sheet).","spot_verified":null},{"id":"fluence-energy-inc--edgestack-gen-6","maker":"Fluence Energy, Inc.","maker_full":"Fluence Energy, Inc. (Nasdaq: FLNC)","country":"USA","model":"Edgestack (Gen 6)","segment":"commercial","segment_raw":"commercial & industrial","chemistry":"Not specified as LFP/NMC. Datasheet states only: \"Advanced lithium ion sealed cells\".","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://cdn.enfsolar.com/z/pp/m658s64qrhs0i2l/Edgestack-Tech-Spec.pdf","source_title":"Fluence Edgestack — connection-ready commercial & industrial energy storage (doc. TS-008-05-EN); manufacturer datasheet PDF mirrored on the ENF Solar CDN","source_date":"2021 (copyright year on document; revision TS-008-05-EN)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"NO ARBITRAGE-USABLE NUMBERS. Energy: NO kWh/MWh figure appears anywhere in the document. Power: \"Rated AC Power (50°C): 500 kW – 4 MW\" is a configurable system range, not a single unit rating, so reported null; the endpoints are 500 kW and 4 MW if a range is acceptable to the app. Round-trip efficiency, cycle life, DoD, warranty, throughput: NOT STATED. Availability >97.0% is uptime, not efficiency. Other stated values: discharge duration 1–4 hours, 50/60 Hz, response time max capacity change in 1,000 ms, standard temperature range -30°C to 45°C, Cube 2,549 x 2,578 x 2,160 mm (long duration) at 18,078 lb / 8,200 kg, NEMA 3R, IP55, air or liquid cooled. SOURCE CAVEAT: this is the genuine Fluence-authored PDF (Fluence branding, Fluence document number TS-008-05-EN) but served from ENF Solar's CDN, because Fluence's own Gen6 URL path for Edgestack returns HTTP 404 and the Edgestack product page carries no datasheet link. The ENF Solar directory PAGE for Edgestack (enfsolar.com/pv/storage-system-datasheet/8777) returns HTTP 403 and its search-snippet figures (\"200 Ah, 51.2V, 6000 cycles at 80% DOD, 3-year warranty\") are NOT in the Fluence PDF and appear to be directory boilerplate — I deliberately excluded them.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"fluence-energy-inc--gridstack-gen-6","maker":"Fluence Energy, Inc.","maker_full":"Fluence Energy, Inc. (Nasdaq: FLNC)","country":"USA","model":"Gridstack (Gen 6)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale","chemistry":"Not specified as LFP/NMC. Datasheet states only: \"Advanced lithium ion sealed cells\".","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://info.fluenceenergy.com/hubfs/Collateral/Gen6/Gridstack%20Tech%20Spec.pdf","source_title":"Fluence Gridstack — Grid-scale, industrial-strength energy storage product designed for the most demanding market applications (doc. TS-006-07-EN)","source_date":"2023 (copyright year on document; revision TS-006-07-EN)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"NO ARBITRAGE-USABLE NUMBERS. The datasheet is system-level, not per-unit. Power: it states \"Rated AC Power (50°C): 2 MW – 500+ MW\" — a configurable project-sizing range, not a single unit rating, so I report null rather than pick an endpoint. Energy: NO kWh/MWh figure appears anywhere in the document; only Fluence Cube dimensions (Long Duration 2,549 x 2,566 x 2,160 mm; Short Duration 2,549 x 2,566 x 2,257 mm) and Cube weight (Long 18,078 lb / 8,200 kg; Short 18,850 lb / 8,550 kg). Discharge duration \"1 – 6+ hours\". Round-trip efficiency: NOT STATED. Do not substitute the \"Availability >97.0%\" figure — that is uptime, not efficiency. Cycle life, DoD, warranty, throughput: NOT STATED. Other stated values: 50/60 Hz, response time down to 150 ms, standard temperature range -30°C to 45°C, NEMA 3R, IP55, air or liquid cooled, de-rated over 1,000 m. Searched the Fluence tech-spec archive and the Gridstack product page; neither publishes efficiency or cycle life.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"fluence-energy-inc--gridstack-pro-2000-series","maker":"Fluence Energy, Inc.","maker_full":"Fluence Energy, Inc. (Nasdaq: FLNC)","country":"USA","model":"Gridstack Pro 2000 Series","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale (container / battery enclosure)","chemistry":"LFP (lithium iron phosphate). The datasheet itself only says \"3XX Ah\" cells; Fluence's own domestic-content page states Gridstack Pro uses \"US-manufactured 305Ah LFP cells produced in an existing factory in Tennessee\".","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":2436,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.87,"efficiency_conditions":"Datasheet line reads \"Round Trip Efficiency: > 87%\" with NO stated conditions — no C-rate, temperature, SOC window, or AC/DC measurement boundary. 0.87 is therefore a floor, not a point value. The whole table is footnoted: specifications are \"design estimates only and are not guaranteed\".","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://info.fluenceenergy.com/hubfs/Fluence%20Gridstack%20Pro_Global_US%20EN.pdf","source_title":"Fluence Gridstack Pro — Built for the next era of utility scale energy storage (doc. BR-042-04-EN)","source_date":"2024 (copyright year on document; revision BR-042-04-EN)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Energy: the datasheet labels 2,436 kWh simply \"Energy Capacity\" — it does NOT say whether this is usable or nominal/nameplate, so I placed it in the nominal field and flag the ambiguity rather than guessing. No DoD is given, so nothing can be derived. Power: NO kW/MW rating is published. The datasheet gives \"Maximum CP Rate 0.5\" (a C-rate cap) and \"Discharge Duration 2 – 4 – 6 – 8 hours\"; I deliberately did NOT multiply 2,436 kWh x 0.5 to manufacture a power figure. Aux. Peak Load is stated as 16.7 kW (2-hr) / 9.5 kW (4-hr) — that is parasitic auxiliary load, NOT discharge power, and must not be used as such. Cycle life, DoD, warranty years, warranty throughput: NOT STATED anywhere in the document. Chemistry for this series is sourced from a second Fluence page, not this datasheet. Other stated values: enclosure 2550 x 7537 x 1734 mm, weight ~22,400–23,300 kg without coolant, DC up to 1500V, response time 150 ms, availability >97%, -20°C to +50°C, IP55, liquid cooled, Fluence OS7.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"fluence-energy-inc--gridstack-pro-5000-series-3xx-ah-cells","maker":"Fluence Energy, Inc.","maker_full":"Fluence Energy, Inc. (Nasdaq: FLNC)","country":"USA","model":"Gridstack Pro 5000 Series (3XX Ah cells)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale (20 ft / container-class battery enclosure)","chemistry":"LFP (lithium iron phosphate). Datasheet says \"3XX Ah\"; Fluence's domestic-content page states Gridstack Pro uses \"US-manufactured 305Ah LFP cells\".","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":4872,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.87,"efficiency_conditions":"\"Round Trip Efficiency: > 87%\" quoted with NO conditions stated (no C-rate, temperature, SOC window, or AC/DC boundary). Floor value. Table footnoted as \"design estimates only and are not guaranteed\".","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://info.fluenceenergy.com/hubfs/Fluence%20Gridstack%20Pro_Global_US%20EN.pdf","source_title":"Fluence Gridstack Pro — Built for the next era of utility scale energy storage (doc. BR-042-04-EN)","source_date":"2024 (copyright year on document; revision BR-042-04-EN)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"IMPORTANT: the datasheet states a RANGE — \"4872 - 5016 kWh\" — not a single value. I report the low end (4,872) so the app cannot over-credit revenue; the true figure is configuration-dependent within 4,872–5,016 kWh. The value is labelled only \"Energy Capacity\", with no usable/nominal wording, so it sits in the nominal field with that caveat. Power: NOT STATED in kW. Only \"Maximum CP Rate 0.5\" and durations 2/4/6/8 h; I did not multiply to derive power. Aux. Peak Load 34 kW (2-hr) / 17 kW (4-hr) is auxiliary parasitic load, NOT discharge power. Cycle life, DoD, warranty, throughput: NOT STATED. Other stated values: enclosure 2896 x 6820 x 2438 mm, weight 43,500 kg without coolant, DC up to 1500V, 150 ms response, >97% availability, -20°C to +50°C, IP55, liquid cooled.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"fluence-energy-inc--gridstack-pro-5000-series-5xx-ah-cells","maker":"Fluence Energy, Inc.","maker_full":"Fluence Energy, Inc. (Nasdaq: FLNC)","country":"USA","model":"Gridstack Pro 5000 Series (5XX Ah cells)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale (20 ft / container-class battery enclosure)","chemistry":"NOT STATED for this cell option. Datasheet says only \"5XX Ah\". Fluence's LFP/305Ah statement covers the 3XX Ah cell option, so I do NOT extend it to this variant.","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":5644,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.87,"efficiency_conditions":"\"Round Trip Efficiency: > 87%\" quoted with NO conditions stated. This figure is given once for the whole Gridstack Pro line, not per series. Floor value; table footnoted as design estimates, not guaranteed.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://info.fluenceenergy.com/hubfs/Fluence%20Gridstack%20Pro_Global_US%20EN.pdf","source_title":"Fluence Gridstack Pro — Built for the next era of utility scale energy storage (doc. BR-042-04-EN)","source_date":"2024 (copyright year on document; revision BR-042-04-EN)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Energy 5,644 kWh is labelled only \"Energy Capacity\" — no usable/nominal wording, no DoD given. Power: NOT STATED in kW; \"Maximum CP Rate 0.25\" only (note this is HALF the CP rate of the 3XX Ah variant, so it is a longer-duration / lower-power unit — but the datasheet gives no kW figure and I did not compute one). Cycle life, DoD, warranty, throughput: NOT STATED. Other stated values: enclosure 2896 x 6058 x 2438 mm, weight 45,500 kg without coolant. Chemistry gap is material: do not assume LFP for this variant.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"fluence-energy-inc--smartstack-10-mwh","maker":"Fluence Energy, Inc.","maker_full":"Fluence Energy, Inc. (Nasdaq: FLNC)","country":"USA","model":"Smartstack 10 MWh","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale (split-architecture: Smart Skid + Pod)","chemistry":"NOT STATED. Datasheet gives only \"Cell Capacity: 3XX Ah\".","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":10000,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":25,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://info.fluenceenergy.com/hubfs/Fluence-Smartstack_Global-Specs_BR-061-03-EN.pdf","source_title":"Fluence Smartstack — Specifications brochure (doc. BR-061-03-EN)","source_date":"2026 (copyright year on document; revision BR-061-03-EN)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Energy is APPROXIMATE in the source: it literally reads \"~10,000 kWh\" (tilde in the original). Not labelled usable or nominal; no DoD given. Round-trip efficiency: NOT STATED. Cycle life, DoD, throughput MWh: NOT STATED. Power: NOT STATED in kW; document gives \"Maximum AC Output Current: 2508 A\", \"Cell Rating (CP-Rate) 0.25\", durations 4/6/8 hr only (no 2 hr option, unlike the 7.5 MWh unit). Warranty 25 years is the same \"up to 25 years\" optional-service-plan Energy Capacity Guarantee caveat as the 7.5 MWh row. Other stated values: Pod 1,764 x 2,656 x 3,330 mm ~20,000 kg, Smart Skid 7,371 x 2,202 x 1,616 mm ~10,000 kg, DC up to 1500V, -30°C to +55°C with derating after 50°C, IP55, liquid cooled, 70 dB(A) at 1 m.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"fluence-energy-inc--smartstack-7-5-mwh","maker":"Fluence Energy, Inc.","maker_full":"Fluence Energy, Inc. (Nasdaq: FLNC)","country":"USA","model":"Smartstack 7.5 MWh","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale (split-architecture: Smart Skid + Pod)","chemistry":"NOT STATED. Datasheet gives only \"Cell Capacity: 3XX Ah\". It never names LFP, NMC or any chemistry.","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":7308,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":25,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://info.fluenceenergy.com/hubfs/Fluence-Smartstack_Global-Specs_BR-061-03-EN.pdf","source_title":"Fluence Smartstack — Specifications brochure (doc. BR-061-03-EN)","source_date":"2026 (copyright year on document; revision BR-061-03-EN)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Energy is a RANGE: \"7,308 - 7,524 kWh\". I report the low end; labelled only \"Energy Capacity\" with no usable/nominal wording and no DoD, so nothing can be derived. Round-trip efficiency: NOT STATED ANYWHERE in this document — do not carry over the >87% figure from the Gridstack Pro datasheet, it is a different product. Do not substitute \"Availability: Up to 99%\" for efficiency; that is uptime. Power: NOT STATED in kW. The document gives \"Maximum AC Output Current: Up to 3762 A\", \"AC Voltage 690V 3AC IT\", \"Cell Rating (CP-Rate) ≤0.5\" and durations 2/4/6/8 hr. I did NOT compute kW from current x voltage. Warranty: the 25 years is soft — the brochure says \"a guaranteed 25-year system lifetime\" and that the Energy Capacity Guarantee \"provides up to 25 years of predictable performance\", offered under OPTIONAL Smart Service Plans, not as a standard product warranty. Treat as marketing-grade, not a warranty term sheet. Cycle life, DoD, throughput MWh: NOT STATED. Whole table footnoted as \"design estimates only and are not guaranteed\".","spot_verified":null},{"id":"fluence-energy-inc--sunstack-gen-6","maker":"Fluence Energy, Inc.","maker_full":"Fluence Energy, Inc. (Nasdaq: FLNC)","country":"USA","model":"Sunstack (Gen 6)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale (DC-coupled solar-plus-storage)","chemistry":"Not specified as LFP/NMC. Datasheet states only: \"Advanced lithium ion sealed cells\".","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.leecountyil.com/DocumentCenter/View/2483/MSunstack-Tech-Spec","source_title":"Fluence Sunstack — PV-optimized, co-located energy storage system (doc. TS-009-03-EN); manufacturer datasheet mirrored in a Lee County, Illinois permitting filing","source_date":"2020 (copyright year on document; revision TS-009-03-EN)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"NO ARBITRAGE-USABLE NUMBERS. Energy: NO kWh/MWh figure appears anywhere in the document. Power: \"Rated AC Power (50°C): 2 MW – 500+ MW\" is a project-sizing range, not a unit rating, so reported null. The \"500 kW DC/DC converters\" figure is a power-conversion COMPONENT rating, not system discharge power — do not use it as such. Round-trip efficiency, cycle life, DoD, warranty, throughput: NOT STATED. Availability >97.0% is uptime, not efficiency. Note this is the oldest document in this set (2020) and Sunstack is no longer promoted on Fluence's current product navigation, so it may be superseded. Other stated values: discharge duration 1–4 hours, max DC 1,500 Vdc, MPPT min 849 Vdc, up to 36 PV inputs, ambient -40°C to 50°C, Cube 2,549 x 2,578 x 2,160 mm (long duration) at 18,320 lb / 8,328 kg, NEMA 3R, IP55. I served this from a county permitting filing because Fluence's own Gen6 URL path for Sunstack returns HTTP 404 and the current Sunstack landing page carries no specifications or datasheet link.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"goodwe--esa-series-125kw-261kwh-gw125-261-esa-lcn-g10","maker":"GoodWe","maker_full":"GoodWe (GoodWe Technologies Co., Ltd.)","country":"China","model":"ESA Series 125kW/261kWh — GW125/261-ESA-LCN-G10","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"commercial / utility-scale (all-in-one liquid-cooled cabinet, parallelable to multi-MWh)","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4), 314 Ah cells","energy_kwh_usable":261.25,"energy_kwh_nominal":261.25,"dod_fraction":0.9,"power_kw_discharge":125,"power_kw_charge":125,"round_trip_efficiency":0.92,"efficiency_conditions":"Datasheet row reads 'Max. System Efficiency 92.0%' (with 'Max. PCS Efficiency 98.6%' separately). This is a MAXIMUM, not a round-trip figure measured at a stated C-rate, temperature or SOC window — the sheet never uses the phrase 'round-trip'. Using 0.92 as an average arbitrage round-trip efficiency will overstate revenue; the true cycle-average AC-to-AC figure will be lower.","cycle_life":6000,"cycle_life_conditions":"NOT FROM THE DATASHEET — the datasheet states no cycle life (verified by text search). 6,000 comes from GoodWe's own launch announcement, which says only 'Supporting 6,000 life cycles' with NO DoD, C-rate, temperature or end-of-life criterion. Source: https://en.goodwe.com/goodwe-launches-125kw-261kwh-all-in-one-liquid-cooled-energy-storage-solution-for-ci (2025-08-25). Weaker evidence than the other cycle-life figures in this set.","warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://en.goodwe.com/Ftp/EN/Downloads/Datasheet/GW_ESA-261kWh_Datasheet-EN.pdf","source_title":"ESA Series 125kW/261kWh — Scalable and flexible C&I all-in-one energy storage solution — GoodWe datasheet (EN, EMEA)","source_date":"2026-07-16","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"The only model here where the sheet states nominal and usable separately AND they are equal: 'Rack Nominal Energy 261.25' and 'Rack Usable Energy 261.25'. But it ALSO states 'Depth of Discharge 90% ~ 100% (90% Recommended)' — so the 261.25 usable figure and the recommended 90% DoD are in tension. I recorded dod_fraction 0.9 as the manufacturer's recommendation and did NOT multiply it into the usable figure; for a conservative arbitrage model, treat ~235 kWh as the recommended working window, but note that GoodWe itself does not publish that derived number. Power: AC nominal 125 kW symmetric (nominal apparent power both to and from the grid is 125 kVA), max 137.5 kW at 400 V AC; battery max charge/discharge rate 0.5P. Unlike the battery-only products this is an integrated cabinet with PCS, EMS and BMS, so 125 kW is a true AC figure. No warranty document found for the ESA series — left null. Scaling claims conflict between sources: this 2026-07-16 datasheet's header says up to 20 units / 2.5 MW / 5.22 MWh, while GoodWe's 2025-08-25 press release says up to 15 units / 1.87 MW / 3.91 MWh on-grid. Prefer the newer datasheet. This is a regional (EMEA) sheet, marked 'products offered in the EMEA region'.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"goodwe--lynx-c-series-hv-lx-c156-10","maker":"GoodWe","maker_full":"GoodWe (GoodWe Technologies Co., Ltd.)","country":"China","model":"Lynx C Series (HV) — LX C156-10","segment":"commercial","segment_raw":"commercial (C&I rooftop / high-voltage rack)","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4)","energy_kwh_usable":156.67,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":65.28,"power_kw_charge":65.28,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":532.68,"source_url":"https://en.goodwe.com/Ftp/EN/Downloads/Datasheet/GW_Lynx%20C%20Series_Datasheet-EN.pdf","source_title":"Lynx C Series 101-156kWh | High Voltage Battery — GoodWe datasheet (EN)","source_date":"2023-07-11","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"156.67 kWh stated as USABLE ('100% DOD, 0.2C charge & discharge at +25±2°C at beginning life'). Nominal not stated (17 × LX C9.2-10 modules of 9.21 kWh — not multiplied). Same sheet: LX C101-10 / C120-10 / C138-10 at 101.38 / 119.81 / 138.24 kWh and 42.24 / 49.92 / 57.60 kW. No round-trip efficiency and no cycle life on the datasheet (verified by text search) — a significant gap for a C&I arbitrage asset. Pairs with GoodWe ETC hybrid / BTC retrofit inverters, so AC-side power will again be inverter-limited below the 65.28 kW battery figure. IP21 only (indoor). Warranty source is REGIONAL, not global: https://en.goodwe.com/Skippower/downloadFileF?id=51&mid=73 — 'GOODWE Limited Warranty for Lynx Series LX C Battery System (for MEA Market)', Rev 1.0, 2024-05-09, and it applies only to units produced after 1 March 2024. Terms: 10 y product (BMS hardware) + 10 y performance at 70% of Usable Energy or 532.68 MWh, whichever first, with a stated usage cap of fewer than 700 cycles per year. Terms for other regions are unverified.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"goodwe--lynx-c-series-60kwh-gw60kwh-d-10","maker":"GoodWe","maker_full":"GoodWe (GoodWe Technologies Co., Ltd.)","country":"China","model":"Lynx C Series 60kWh — GW60KWH-D-10","segment":"commercial","segment_raw":"commercial (C&I outdoor cabinet)","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4)","energy_kwh_usable":60,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.95,"efficiency_conditions":"Datasheet prints 'Round-trip Efficiency 95%' with NO stated conditions (no C-rate, temperature or AC/DC boundary). Likely a DC-side figure since the cabinet ships without an inverter, but the document does not say so — do not assume it is AC-to-AC.","cycle_life":5000,"cycle_life_conditions":"Datasheet states '≥5000' (a floor). Footnote *3: 'Based on Cell test condition of 25 ±2°C, 0.5C / 0.5C and 80% EOL.' Cell-level condition, not system-level.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":197,"source_url":"https://en.goodwe.com/Ftp/EN/Downloads/Datasheet/GW_Lynx-C-60K_Datasheet-EN.pdf","source_title":"Lynx C Series 60kWh | C&I Battery System — GoodWe datasheet (EN)","source_date":"2025-02-11","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"POWER IS NULL AND THIS MATTERS FOR ARBITRAGE. The datasheet gives no kW rating at all — only 'Max. Charge / Discharge Current (A) 96' at 633.6 V nominal. I did not multiply those to a kW figure: the cabinet ships WITHOUT an inverter and is designed around a separately purchased GoodWe ET 15-30kW hybrid inverter, so real charge/discharge power is inverter-limited to roughly that 15-30 kW class, not to the battery's current limit. Any power number for this unit must come from the chosen ET inverter's own datasheet. This is the only model in this set with an explicit 'Depth of Discharge 100%' row (not merely a test-condition footnote), alongside usable 60 kWh; nominal energy is not stated as a system figure (11 packs × 5.76 kWh pack nominal — not multiplied). Warranty from https://en.goodwe.com/Ftp/Downloads/Warranty/GOODWE%20Limited%20Warranty%20for%20Lynx%20LX%20C%2060kWh%20Battery%20System-GLOBAL.pdf (Rev 1.2, 2025-04-08): unusually 10 y PRODUCT + 10 y performance (70% of 60 kWh usable, or 197 MWh throughput, whichever first), but only 2 y on the air-conditioner and 1 y on fire suppression and lock cylinder, and the performance warranty covers the battery CELLS only.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"goodwe--lynx-f-g2-series-lx-f12-8-h-20","maker":"GoodWe","maker_full":"GoodWe (GoodWe Technologies Co., Ltd.)","country":"China","model":"Lynx F G2 Series — LX F12.8-H-20","segment":"commercial","segment_raw":"residential (maker also markets the G2 range for small commercial properties)","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4)","energy_kwh_usable":12.8,"energy_kwh_nominal":12.8,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":8.96,"power_kw_charge":8.96,"round_trip_efficiency":0.94,"efficiency_conditions":"Datasheet prints a bare 'Round-trip Efficiency 94%' row with NO stated measurement conditions (no C-rate, temperature, SOC window or AC/DC boundary). Treat as a headline figure, not a characterised value.","cycle_life":4000,"cycle_life_conditions":"Datasheet states '>4000' (a floor, not a point value). Footnote *4: 'Based on 2.87 ~ 3.61V voltage range @25 ± 2°C of Cell under 0.7C test condition and 80% EOL.' Note this is a CELL-level test condition, and the voltage window is narrower than a full 100% DoD swing.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":32.7,"source_url":"https://www.goodwe.com.au/Ftp/Downloads/Datasheet/AU/GW_Lynx-F-G2-Series_Datasheet-AU.pdf","source_title":"Lynx F G2 Series 6.4-28.8kWh | High Voltage Battery — GoodWe datasheet (AU)","source_date":"2026-06-30","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"This is the AUSTRALIAN regional datasheet (rev code GoodWe-Single page-20260630-AU-V2.1); the EN/global URL redirect-looped and I could not open it, so region-specific differences are unverified. Uniquely among the GoodWe residential sheets I opened, this one states BOTH Usable Energy (12.8) and Rated Energy (12.8) as the same number, and it is the only residential sheet that publishes round-trip efficiency and cycle life. Full range on the same sheet: LX F6.4/9.6/12.8/16.0/19.2/22.4/25.6/28.8-H-20 at 4.48/6.72/8.96/11.20/13.44/15.68/17.92/20.16 kW. Footnote *2 warns the EH inverter series caps a single stack at 19.2 kWh and EHB at 22.4 kWh — a real constraint on deployable capacity. Warranty from https://en.goodwe.com/Ftp/Downloads/Warranty/GOODWE%20Limited%20Warranty%20for%20Lynx%20LX%20F%20G2%20Series%20Battery%20System-Global.pdf (Rev 1.0, 2024-05-17): 5 y product + 10 y performance at 70% of Usable Energy or 32.7 MWh, whichever first; that document also caps cover at one full cycle per day.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"goodwe--lynx-home-f-f-plus-lx-f13-1-h","maker":"GoodWe","maker_full":"GoodWe (GoodWe Technologies Co., Ltd.)","country":"China","model":"Lynx Home F / F Plus+ — LX F13.1-H","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4)","energy_kwh_usable":13.1,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":10.24,"power_kw_charge":10.24,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":33.54,"source_url":"https://en.goodwe.com/Ftp/EN/Downloads/Datasheet/GW_Lynx%20Home%20F%20Series%20(HV)_Datasheet-EN.pdf","source_title":"Lynx Home F Series 6.6-16.4kWh | High voltage battery — GoodWe datasheet (EN)","source_date":"2023-01-05","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"13.10 kWh stated as USABLE (100% DOD, 0.2C, +25±2°C, BOL). Nominal not stated (4 modules × 3.27 kWh — not multiplied). No RTE, no cycle life on the datasheet. 10.24 kW covers charge and discharge alike. Warranty from https://en.goodwe.com/Ftp/Downloads/Warranty/GOODWE%20Limited%20Warranty%20for%20Lynx%20F%20Series%20Battery%20System-GLOBAL.pdf (Rev 1.7, 2025-06-06): 5 y product + 10 y performance (70% retention) or 33.54 MWh, one full cycle per day.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"goodwe--lynx-home-f-f-plus-lx-f16-4-h","maker":"GoodWe","maker_full":"GoodWe (GoodWe Technologies Co., Ltd.)","country":"China","model":"Lynx Home F / F Plus+ — LX F16.4-H","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4)","energy_kwh_usable":16.38,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":12.8,"power_kw_charge":12.8,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":41.93,"source_url":"https://en.goodwe.com/Ftp/EN/Downloads/Datasheet/GW_Lynx%20Home%20F%20Series%20(HV)_Datasheet-EN.pdf","source_title":"Lynx Home F Series 6.6-16.4kWh | High voltage battery — GoodWe datasheet (EN)","source_date":"2023-01-05","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"16.38 kWh stated as USABLE (100% DOD, 0.2C, +25±2°C, BOL). Nominal not stated (5 modules × 3.27 kWh — not multiplied). No RTE, no cycle life on the datasheet. 12.80 kW for both directions. Warranty (Rev 1.7, 2025-06-06 global PDF): 5 y product + 10 y performance at 70% retention, or 41.93 MWh throughput, whichever first; one full cycle per day. The Lynx Home F Plus+ datasheet (https://en.goodwe.com/Ftp/EN/Downloads/Datasheet/GW_Lynx%20Home%20F%20PLUS+%20Series%20(HV)_Datasheet-EN.pdf, same rev code 20230105-EN-V2.1) carries IDENTICAL model codes and identical electrical data; it differs only in enclosure dimensions, certification list, and that it allows up to 8 towers in parallel (131 kWh). Do not treat F and F Plus+ as two different electrical products.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"goodwe--lynx-home-f-f-plus-lx-f6-6-h","maker":"GoodWe","maker_full":"GoodWe (GoodWe Technologies Co., Ltd.)","country":"China","model":"Lynx Home F / F Plus+ — LX F6.6-H","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4)","energy_kwh_usable":6.55,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":5.12,"power_kw_charge":5.12,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":16.77,"source_url":"https://en.goodwe.com/Ftp/EN/Downloads/Datasheet/GW_Lynx%20Home%20F%20Series%20(HV)_Datasheet-EN.pdf","source_title":"Lynx Home F Series 6.6-16.4kWh | High voltage battery — GoodWe datasheet (EN)","source_date":"2023-01-05","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Datasheet prints 'Usable Energy (kWh) 6.55' — explicitly USABLE, not nominal. Nominal energy is NOT stated; the sheet only gives the module (LX F3.3-H: 102.4V 3.27kWh) and module count (2), which I deliberately did not multiply. dod_fraction 1.0 is the TEST CONDITION for the usable figure ('100% DOD, 0.2C charge & discharge at +25±2°C at beginning life'), not a recommended operating DoD. Datasheet states NO round-trip efficiency and NO cycle life (verified by text search of the PDF) — both are hard gaps and the app cannot compute arbitrage P&L without an RTE assumption from elsewhere. 'Nominal Power 5.12 kW' is a single figure covering both charge and discharge (Nominal Dis-/Charge Current is one row: 25 A); sheet warns power derates with temperature and SOC. Warranty is NOT on the datasheet — 10 years is the PERFORMANCE warranty (70% of Usable Energy retained) and there is a separate 5-year PRODUCT warranty; throughput 16.77 MWh is the 'Minimum Through Output Energy', whichever comes first. Warranty source: https://en.goodwe.com/Ftp/Downloads/Warranty/GOODWE%20Limited%20Warranty%20for%20Lynx%20F%20Series%20Battery%20System-GLOBAL.pdf (Rev 1.7, 2025-06-06). That warranty also states it 'covers a capacity equivalent to one full cycle per day' — a hard limit on arbitrage cycling.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"goodwe--lynx-home-f-f-plus-lx-f9-8-h","maker":"GoodWe","maker_full":"GoodWe (GoodWe Technologies Co., Ltd.)","country":"China","model":"Lynx Home F / F Plus+ — LX F9.8-H","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4)","energy_kwh_usable":9.83,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":7.68,"power_kw_charge":7.68,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":25.16,"source_url":"https://en.goodwe.com/Ftp/EN/Downloads/Datasheet/GW_Lynx%20Home%20F%20Series%20(HV)_Datasheet-EN.pdf","source_title":"Lynx Home F Series 6.6-16.4kWh | High voltage battery — GoodWe datasheet (EN)","source_date":"2023-01-05","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"9.83 kWh is stated as USABLE (100% DOD, 0.2C, +25±2°C, beginning of life). Nominal energy not stated (3 × LX F3.3-H modules of 3.27 kWh — not multiplied here). No round-trip efficiency and no cycle life on the datasheet. Power 7.68 kW applies to both charge and discharge; derates with temperature/SOC. Warranty from the separate global warranty PDF (Rev 1.7, 2025-06-06): 5-year product + 10-year performance at 70% of Usable Energy, or 25.16 MWh throughput, whichever first; covers one full cycle per day only.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"goodwe--lynx-home-fh-us-series-lx-f19-2-30","maker":"GoodWe","maker_full":"GoodWe (GoodWe Technologies Co., Ltd.)","country":"China","model":"Lynx Home FH-US Series — LX F19.2-30","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential (North America)","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4)","energy_kwh_usable":19.2,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":13.44,"power_kw_charge":13.44,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://us.goodwe.com/Skippower/downloadFileF?id=1707&mid=60","source_title":"Lynx Home FH-US Series 9.6-19.2kWh | High voltage battery — GoodWe US datasheet (EN)","source_date":"2025-05-16","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"North-American variant, UL1973 / UL9540A certified. 19.2 kWh stated as USABLE ('100% DOD, 0.2C charge & discharge at 77±2°F at beginning life'). Nominal not stated (6 × LX F3.2-30 modules of 3.2 kWh — not multiplied). Same sheet: LX F9.6-30 / F12.8-30 / F16.0-30 at 9.6 / 12.8 / 16.0 kWh and 6.72 / 8.96 / 11.20 kW. No round-trip efficiency and no cycle life on the datasheet (verified by text search). WARRANTY NULL: the GoodWe US product page (https://us.goodwe.com/lynx-fh-us) links only a datasheet, user manual and compatibility list, and the global Lynx F warranty PDF names LX F6.6-H … LX F16.4-H, NOT the LX F*-30 codes — so I have no document that states warranty terms for this model. A widely repeated '5 y product / 10 y performance at 70%' figure appears in search summaries but I could not open a GoodWe document confirming it for LX F*-30, so I did not record it. Note the discharge temperature floor here is -15°C, warmer than the -20°C of the international F series.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"goodwe--lynx-home-u-series-lx-u5-4-20-single-module","maker":"GoodWe","maker_full":"GoodWe (GoodWe Technologies Co., Ltd.)","country":"China","model":"Lynx Home U Series — LX U5.4-20 (single module)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4)","energy_kwh_usable":5.4,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":2.56,"power_kw_charge":2.56,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://en.goodwe.com/Ftp/EN/Downloads/Datasheet/GW_Lynx%20Home%20U%20Series%20(LV)_5.4-20_Datasheet-EN.pdf","source_title":"Lynx Home U Series 5.4-32.4kWh | Low voltage battery — GoodWe datasheet (EN)","source_date":"2025-02-13","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Low-voltage 51.2 V module, stackable in parallel: the same sheet gives 10.8 / 16.2 / 21.6 / 27.0 / 32.4 kWh usable for 2–6 units, with Nominal Power 5.12 kW for any configuration of 2 units and above (single unit is limited to 2.56 kW / 50 A). 5.4 kWh is stated as USABLE. No DoD is stated on this sheet — the usable-energy test condition is given as a cell-voltage window ('Cell Voltage 2.5 ~ 3.65V, 0.5C charge & discharge at +25±2°C at beginning life'), not a DoD percentage, so dod_fraction is left null rather than assumed to be 1.0. No round-trip efficiency and no cycle life on the datasheet (verified by text search); the GoodWe AU product page for this series also states neither. WARRANTY DELIBERATELY LEFT NULL — this is a trap: both GoodWe Lynx U warranty PDFs I opened (GLOBAL Rev 1.9, 2023-04-23, and Europe Rev 2.0, 2023-06-05) cover model 'LX U 5.4L' with *Usable Energy 4.8 kWh and 12.42 MWh throughput. That is a DIFFERENT, older model code and a different capacity from the 'LX U5.4-20' / 5.4 kWh on the current (2025-02-13) datasheet. I found no warranty document naming LX U5.4-20, so applying the 4.8 kWh / 12.42 MWh terms to this model would be an invented match.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"growatt--apx-10-0p-s0-us-apx-hv-us-platform-2-apx-5-0p-b1","maker":"Growatt","maker_full":"Growatt (Shenzhen Growatt New Energy Co., Ltd. / Growatt New Energy Technology Co., Ltd.)","country":"China (Shenzhen); units also manufactured in Vietnam per APX P-S1 datasheet","model":"APX 10.0P-S0-US (APX HV US platform, 2 × APX 5.0P-B1-US + APX 55042-P0-US power module)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (cobalt-free LiFePO4)","energy_kwh_usable":9,"energy_kwh_nominal":10,"dod_fraction":0.9,"power_kw_discharge":5,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://us.growatt.com/upload/file/APX_HV_Battery_System_US_Datasheet_EN_202505.pdf","source_title":"APX HV Battery US — Datasheet EN 202505 (Growatt USA / Shenzhen Growatt New Energy Co., Ltd.)","source_date":"2025-05 (filename revision 202505; PDF creation date 2025-05-06)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"SOURCE-STATED VERBATIM from the datasheet: 'Nominal Energy 10kWh', 'Nominal power*1 5kW', 'Peak output power 7kW,60s', 'Number of battery modules 2', 'Nominal voltage 400V', 'DOD 90%', 'Warranty 10 years', 'Ingress Protection IP66/NEMA 4X', 'Compatible Inverters MIN 3000-11400TL-XH-US'. USABLE ENERGY 9 kWh IS SOURCE-STATED BUT FROM A SECOND OFFICIAL DOCUMENT: the product nameplate reproduced in Growatt's own user manual (https://us.growatt.com/upload/file/APX_HV_Battery_System_US_User_Manual_EN_202402.pdf, internal title dated 2023-12-19) prints per model 'APX 10.0P-S0-US / 400Vdc/5kW/ 10kWh/9kWh' under the heading 'System Model/ Nominal Voltage/ Nominal Power/ Nominal Energy/ Rated Energy'. The same manual gives the module as 'Nominal Capacity/Energy 100Ah/5kWh' and 'Rated Usable Capacity/Energy 100Ah/4.5kWh'. I did NOT multiply 10 × 0.90. CHARGE POWER: the datasheet publishes a single 'Nominal power' row without splitting charge from discharge, so I put it in discharge only and left charge null; footnote *1 'Depend on the max. battery charge/discharge power of the inverter' means the inverter sets the real limit. DERATING WARNING for arbitrage maths: the datasheet footnote states 'Nominal charge/discharge current and power derating will occur related to Temperature and SOC' but never quantifies it. REVISION DRIFT worth knowing: the previous revision 202402 of this same datasheet gave operating ambient temperature as '-10°C~50°C' while 202505 gives '-20°C~50°C'; all energy and power figures are unchanged between the two. RTE and cycle count: absent. CORROBORATION: the California Energy Commission Solar Equipment List carries 'APX 10.0P-S0-US ... 5 kW, 10 kWh lithium iron battery system', nameplate energy 10 kWh, UL1973 Ed.3:2022 via Intertek, CEC listing date 2023-12-21.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"growatt--apx-100-3h-s1-us-apx-commercial-hv-system-apx-10","maker":"Growatt","maker_full":"Growatt (Shenzhen Growatt New Energy Co., Ltd. / Growatt New Energy Technology Co., Ltd.)","country":"China (Shenzhen); units also manufactured in Vietnam per APX P-S1 datasheet","model":"APX 100.3H-S1-US (APX commercial HV system: APX 1000140-C1-US control module + APX 14.3P-B1-US modules in series)","segment":"commercial","segment_raw":"commercial","chemistry":"LFP (cobalt-free LiFePO4)","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":100.35,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":50,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://solarequipment.energy.ca.gov/Home/BatteryList","source_title":"California Energy Commission — Solar Equipment List, Battery List (regulator filing; row: Shenzhen Growatt New Energy Co., Ltd. / APX 100.3H-S1-US)","source_date":"CEC listing date 2024-07-01; UL1973 certificate date 2024-04-22 (Intertek); dataset header states 'Data has not changed since September 21, 2026'","source_quality":"other","gaps":"WHY A REGULATOR FILING AND NOT A DATASHEET: I could not retrieve a per-model Growatt datasheet for the commercial APX range from any domain — us.growatt.com returned 404 for every datasheet filename pattern I probed, us.growatt.com/products/apx-commercial-battery returned 404, and enfsolar.com returned 403. The official Growatt user manual for this range exists and I read it, but it contains NO per-system-model table. SOURCE-STATED VERBATIM from the CEC row: manufacturer 'Shenzhen Growatt New Energy Co., Ltd.', model 'APX 100.3H-S1-US', technology 'Lithium Iron Phosphate', description '50 kW, 100.35 kWh lithium iron battery system', Nameplate Energy Capacity 100.35 kWh, Maximum Continuous Discharge Rate 50 kW, UL1973 'Ed. 3 : 2022' certified by Intertek. The CEC column 'Manufacturer Declared Roundtrip Efficiency (%, AC-AC)' reads 'No Information Submitted' for this and EVERY Growatt model on the list — that is a positive finding, not a gap in my search. CHARGE POWER: the CEC records only a DISCHARGE rate, so power_kw_charge is null. USABLE ENERGY AND DoD ARE NULL ON PURPOSE: the official user manual (https://us.growatt.com/upload/file/APX_86_200H-S1-US_User_Manual_EN_202404.pdf, doc GR-UM-395-A-00, PN 044.0126300, internal date 2024-03-29) states at MODULE level 'Nominal Capacity/Energy 280Ah/14.33kWh' and 'Rated/Usable Capacity/Energy 252Ah/12.89kWh', plus 'Rated Voltage 80V', 'Maximum current (25℃) 140A', 'Peak current (25℃) 196A (60s)', 'Warranty 10 Years', 'IP rating IP66', certification 'UL9540A/UL9540/UL1973/FCC/UN38.3', and 'Series connection: support the series connection of six to fourteen Battery modules'. The manual does not state how many modules this particular SKU contains and does not give a system usable figure, so I did not compute one. Control module APX 1000140-C1-US: 'BAT+/BAT- voltage range 250V-950V', 'Maximum current 140A', 'Peak current 196A (60s)'. Cycle count: the manual only says the system has 'an extended cycle life' in marketing prose — no number.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"growatt--apx-15-0p-s1-apx-hv-eu-au-platform-3-apx-5-0p-b1","maker":"Growatt","maker_full":"Growatt (Shenzhen Growatt New Energy Co., Ltd. / Growatt New Energy Technology Co., Ltd.)","country":"China (Shenzhen); units also manufactured in Vietnam per APX P-S1 datasheet","model":"APX 15.0P-S1 (APX HV EU/AU platform, 3 × APX 5.0P-B1 + APX 98020-P1 controller)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (cobalt-free LiFePO4)","energy_kwh_usable":13.5,"energy_kwh_nominal":15,"dod_fraction":0.9,"power_kw_discharge":7.5,"power_kw_charge":7.5,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://solar4ever.com.au/Brochures/Growatt%20APX%20HV%20battery.pdf","source_title":"APX 5.0-30.0P-S1 Data sheet (Growatt)","source_date":"2023-09-07 (PDF modification date; no printed revision date on the document)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"SOURCE-STATED VERBATIM: 'Nominal energy 15kWh', 'Rate energy 13.5kWh', 'Depth of discharge 90%', 'Rated input and output power 7.5kW', 'Peak output power 12kW,60s', 'Max charge/discharge current 13A', 'Nominal voltage 650V', 'Min voltage 600V', 'Max voltage 980V', 'Warranty 10 years', 'Country of manufacture China/Vietnam'. THIS DATASHEET PRINTS NOMINAL, RATED (USABLE) AND DoD ALL THREE — 13.5 kWh is quoted, not computed. Charge and discharge power are equal and are given by a single row 'Rated input and output power', which is why both kW fields carry 7.5. IMPORTANT ON CYCLE LIFE: the battery-module block of this datasheet has a row literally reading 'Cycle life  10 years' — that is a DURATION, not a cycle count, so I recorded cycle_life as null rather than misreport it. No round-trip efficiency anywhere in the document. HOSTING CAVEAT — READ THIS: this is Growatt's own datasheet document, but the only retrievable copy I found is hosted on a reseller domain (solar4ever.com.au). I probed us.growatt.com and cdn.growatt.com for an official copy and got 404s, and en.growatt.com's APX HV product page states only '5-30kWh' and 'Cobalt free LiFePO4' with no numbers. Treat the hosting as reseller-grade even though the document is the manufacturer's.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"growatt--apx-200-7h-s1-us-apx-commercial-hv-system-larges","maker":"Growatt","maker_full":"Growatt (Shenzhen Growatt New Energy Co., Ltd. / Growatt New Energy Technology Co., Ltd.)","country":"China (Shenzhen); units also manufactured in Vietnam per APX P-S1 datasheet","model":"APX 200.7H-S1-US (APX commercial HV system, largest listed configuration — 14 modules max per manual)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"commercial / utility-scale","chemistry":"LFP (cobalt-free LiFePO4)","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":200.7,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":100,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://solarequipment.energy.ca.gov/Home/BatteryList","source_title":"California Energy Commission — Solar Equipment List, Battery List (regulator filing; row: Shenzhen Growatt New Energy Co., Ltd. / APX 200.7H-S1-US)","source_date":"CEC listing date 2024-07-01; UL1973 certificate date 2024-04-22 (Intertek); dataset header states 'Data has not changed since September 21, 2026'","source_quality":"other","gaps":"SOURCE-STATED VERBATIM from the CEC row: model 'APX 200.7H-S1-US', technology 'Lithium Iron Phosphate', description '100 kW, 200.70 kWh lithium iron battery system', Nameplate Energy Capacity 200.7 kWh, Maximum Continuous Discharge Rate 100 kW, UL1973 'Ed. 3 : 2022' via Intertek. Roundtrip efficiency field: 'No Information Submitted'. Same documentation situation as APX 100.3H-S1-US — no per-model manufacturer datasheet retrievable; module-level figures from the official user manual (https://us.growatt.com/upload/file/APX_86_200H-S1-US_User_Manual_EN_202404.pdf) are 'Nominal Capacity/Energy 280Ah/14.33kWh' and 'Rated/Usable Capacity/Energy 252Ah/12.89kWh' per APX 14.3P-B1-US module, 'Series connection: support the series connection of six to fourteen Battery modules'. System usable energy and DoD not published, so both null — I did not multiply. USEFUL CONTEXT FOR SIZING, from the CEC filing (all nine listed commercial SKUs): APX 86.0H-S1-US 86.01 kWh / 43 kW; 100.3H 100.35 / 50; 114.6H 114.68 / 57; 129.0H 129.02 / 64; 143.3H 143.36 / 71; 157.6H 157.69 / 78; 172.0H 172.03 / 86; 186.3H 186.36 / 93; 200.7H 200.70 / 100. The whole range sits at a consistent ~0.5 C discharge rate, i.e. a 2-hour system — relevant if you plan day-ahead arbitrage windows. Charge power is not stated by the CEC or the manual at system level.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"growatt--apx-30-0p-s0-us-apx-hv-us-platform-6-apx-5-0p-b1","maker":"Growatt","maker_full":"Growatt (Shenzhen Growatt New Energy Co., Ltd. / Growatt New Energy Technology Co., Ltd.)","country":"China (Shenzhen); units also manufactured in Vietnam per APX P-S1 datasheet","model":"APX 30.0P-S0-US (APX HV US platform, 6 × APX 5.0P-B1-US — top of the US residential range)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (cobalt-free LiFePO4)","energy_kwh_usable":27,"energy_kwh_nominal":30,"dod_fraction":0.9,"power_kw_discharge":12,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://us.growatt.com/upload/file/APX_HV_Battery_System_US_Datasheet_EN_202505.pdf","source_title":"APX HV Battery US — Datasheet EN 202505 (Growatt USA / Shenzhen Growatt New Energy Co., Ltd.)","source_date":"2025-05 (filename revision 202505; PDF creation date 2025-05-06)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"SOURCE-STATED VERBATIM: 'Nominal Energy 30kWh', 'Nominal power*1 12kW', 'Peak output power 19.2kW,60s', 'Number of battery modules 6', 'Nominal voltage 400V', 'DOD 90%', 'Warranty 10 years', 'Weight 328kg/723Ibs', 'Installation: Floor installation' (wall mounting is NOT offered at this size). USABLE ENERGY 27 kWh is source-stated on the nameplate reproduced in the official user manual (https://us.growatt.com/upload/file/APX_HV_Battery_System_US_User_Manual_EN_202402.pdf): 'APX 30.0P-S0-US / 400Vdc/12kW/ 30kWh/27kWh'. Not computed by me. NOTE A REAL NON-LINEARITY THAT MATTERS FOR ARBITRAGE: nominal power does NOT scale past 25 kWh — the 25 kWh and 30 kWh systems both state 12 kW, so going from 20 kWh (10 kW) to 30 kWh buys energy but only 2 kW more power. C-rate at 30 kWh is therefore materially lower than at 10 kWh. Charge power not published separately (single 'Nominal power' row, inverter-limited per footnote *1). RTE and cycle count: absent. CORROBORATION: CEC Solar Equipment List lists 'APX 30.0P-S0-US ... 12 kW, 30 kWh lithium iron battery system', nameplate 30 kWh, Intertek UL1973 Ed.3:2022, CEC listing date 2023-12-21.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"growatt--ark-10-2h-ark-hv-system-4-ark-2-5h-a1-hvc-60050-","maker":"Growatt","maker_full":"Growatt (Shenzhen Growatt New Energy Co., Ltd. / Growatt New Energy Technology Co., Ltd.)","country":"China (Shenzhen); units also manufactured in Vietnam per APX P-S1 datasheet","model":"ARK 10.2H (ARK HV system, 4 × ARK 2.5H-A1 + HVC 60050-A1 controller)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (cobalt-free LiFePO4)","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":10.24,"dod_fraction":0.9,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.pvo-int.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Datasheet-Growatt-ARK-HV-5.1H-25.6H-Battery-System-EU.pdf","source_title":"ARK HV Battery System — Datasheet (EU), models ARK5.1H–ARK25.6H","source_date":"2020-12-07 (PDF creation date; internal document title 'ARK HV Battery System-EU.cdr')","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"SOURCE-STATED VERBATIM: 'Energy Capacity 10.24kWh', 'Number of Modules 4', 'Nominal Voltage 204.8V', 'Operating Voltage Range 188.8~227.2V', 'DoD 90%', 'Warranty 10Years', 'Battery Type Cobalt Free Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP)'. The datasheet labels the figure 'Energy Capacity' only — it does NOT publish a separate usable-energy number at system level, so energy_kwh_usable is null. I deliberately did NOT multiply 10.24 × 0.90. POWER IS NULL BY CHOICE: the datasheet gives current, not kW — 'Standard Charge/Discharge Current 25A/0.5C' and 'Max Charge/Discharge Current 50A/1C'. Converting via the stated 204.8 V nominal would yield a derived number the document does not print, so I left the kW fields empty; use the current × voltage yourself if you accept a derived figure. THROUGHPUT: the ARK warranty card states the formula 'The Minimum Energy Throughput would be N*6.67 MWh, N stand for number of ARK battery modules' — for N=4 that is 26.68 MWh by Growatt's own formula, but because the document does not print that total for this model I left warranty_throughput_mwh null. HOSTING CAVEAT: manufacturer datasheet hosted on distributor pvo-int.com; the same document is also served from growatt.tech. AGE WARNING: this datasheet is from Dec 2020 — the oldest source in this set. RTE and cycle count: not stated anywhere.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"growatt--ark-10-2xh-ark-xh-system-4-ark-2-5h-a1-bdc-95045","maker":"Growatt","maker_full":"Growatt (Shenzhen Growatt New Energy Co., Ltd. / Growatt New Energy Technology Co., Ltd.)","country":"China (Shenzhen); units also manufactured in Vietnam per APX P-S1 datasheet","model":"ARK 10.2XH (ARK XH system, 4 × ARK 2.5H-A1 + BDC 95045-A1 power module)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (cobalt-free LiFePO4)","energy_kwh_usable":9.21,"energy_kwh_nominal":10.24,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":5,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.pvo-int.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Datasheet_ARK-XH-Battery-System-EU-BDC-95045-A1.pdf","source_title":"ARK XH Battery System — Datasheet (EU), models ARK5.1XH–ARK17.9XH","source_date":"2021-02-25 (PDF creation date; internal document title 'ARK XH Battery System - EU2021.2.25.cdr'). Note the hosting path says 2024/11 but the document itself is from Feb 2021.","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"SOURCE-STATED VERBATIM: 'Energy Capacity 10.24kWh', 'Usable Capacity 9.21kWh', 'Number of Modules in Series 4', 'Max. output power*1 5kW', 'Peak output power 10kW,10s', 'Nominal voltage (single phase system) 360V', 'Warranty 10 years', 'IP Protection IP65'. THIS IS ONE OF THE FEW GROWATT DOCUMENTS THAT PRINTS USABLE ENERGY DIRECTLY — 9.21 kWh is quoted, not computed by me. dod_fraction is null because this datasheet does not state DoD (the ARK HV sibling datasheet states 90%, and 9.21/10.24 = 0.899, but I did not import a figure across documents). CHARGE POWER: the table row is labelled 'Max. output power' (i.e. discharge), so power_kw_charge is null; footnote *1 reads 'Depend on the max. battery charge/discharge power of the inverter', meaning the real ceiling is set by the paired MIN-XH inverter, not by the battery — for arbitrage modelling you must take the inverter's rating into account. RTE and cycle count: absent. Hosted on distributor pvo-int.com.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"growatt--ark-17-9xh-ark-xh-system-7-ark-2-5h-a1-top-of-th","maker":"Growatt","maker_full":"Growatt (Shenzhen Growatt New Energy Co., Ltd. / Growatt New Energy Technology Co., Ltd.)","country":"China (Shenzhen); units also manufactured in Vietnam per APX P-S1 datasheet","model":"ARK 17.9XH (ARK XH system, 7 × ARK 2.5H-A1 — top of the ARK XH range)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (cobalt-free LiFePO4)","energy_kwh_usable":16.12,"energy_kwh_nominal":17.92,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":8.75,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.pvo-int.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Datasheet_ARK-XH-Battery-System-EU-BDC-95045-A1.pdf","source_title":"ARK XH Battery System — Datasheet (EU), models ARK5.1XH–ARK17.9XH","source_date":"2021-02-25 (PDF creation date; internal document title 'ARK XH Battery System - EU2021.2.25.cdr')","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"SOURCE-STATED VERBATIM: 'Energy Capacity 17.92kWh', 'Usable Capacity 16.12kWh', 'Number of Modules in Series 7', 'Max. output power*1 8.75kW', 'Peak output power 17.5kW,10s', 'Nominal voltage 440V', 'Operating voltage range 440V-550V', 'Weight 211kg'. Usable energy is quoted by the document, not derived. Same caveats as ARK 10.2XH: DoD not stated in this datasheet; charge power not stated separately (row is 'Max. output power'); footnote *1 makes the ceiling inverter-dependent. Footnote *3: 'Single phase ESS system supports 2~7 pcs battery modules in series', so 7 modules is the documented maximum for XH. Footnote *5 is relevant to winter arbitrage in Ukraine: 'The performance will be limited when the temperature is below 10°C and above 45°C' — derating is stated but NOT quantified anywhere in the document. RTE and cycle count: absent.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"growatt--ark-2-5h-a1-battery-module-building-block-of-bot","maker":"Growatt","maker_full":"Growatt (Shenzhen Growatt New Energy Co., Ltd. / Growatt New Energy Technology Co., Ltd.)","country":"China (Shenzhen); units also manufactured in Vietnam per APX P-S1 datasheet","model":"ARK 2.5H-A1 (battery module — building block of both ARK HV and ARK XH stacks)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (cobalt-free LiFePO4)","energy_kwh_usable":2.3,"energy_kwh_nominal":2.56,"dod_fraction":0.9,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":6.67,"source_url":"https://www.solarchoice.net.au/wp-content/uploads/Growatt_Battery_Warranty_ARK_10Y_AU.pdf","source_title":"Growatt Battery Warranty Card — ARK series (AU/NZ), document number FM-AD-001-02","source_date":"2023-08-01 (PDF creation date; doc no. FM-AD-001-02)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"SOURCE-STATED VERBATIM: 'ARK 2.5H-A1 (2.56kWh, 51.2V, 28kg)'; table row 'ARK 2.5H-A1 | *Nominal Operation Energy (kWh) 2.56 | *Minimum Energy Throughput (MWh) 6.67'; footnote '*Initial available usable energy: 2.3 kWh for ARK 2.5L-A1 and ARK 2.5H-A1'; 'retains at least 60% of *initial usable energy for ten years (120 months) ... or for a Minimum Energy Throughput below, whichever comes first'. HOSTING CAVEAT: this is a Growatt-authored warranty document, but the copy I could retrieve is hosted on solarchoice.net.au; I did not find it on an official Growatt domain. DoD 0.90 is NOT from this warranty card — it is from the ARK HV datasheet ('Features / DoD 90%', https://www.pvo-int.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Datasheet-Growatt-ARK-HV-5.1H-25.6H-Battery-System-EU.pdf). POWER: no kW figure exists for the module in any document I opened; the ARK HV datasheet states only 'Standard Charge/Discharge Current 25A/0.5C' and 'Max Charge/Discharge Current 50A/1C' at 51.2 V nominal — I did NOT convert these to kW. RTE and cycle count: absent from every Growatt document I opened. REGIONAL WARNING: an older international/EU ARK warranty card (https://shop.erene.de/media/63/50/fd/1688019607/growatt-battery-warranty-ARK-10%20years-202002.pdf, 2020-02) uses completely DIFFERENT terms — 70% of nominal for first 5 years, 50% for the next 5, plus a usage cap 'Accumulated discharge energy should not be more than 300 times of Nominal Operation Energy per year' and NO MWh throughput figure. Do not apply the 6.67 MWh figure outside AU/NZ without checking the local warranty card.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"growatt--ark-25-6h-ark-hv-system-10-ark-2-5h-a1-top-of-th","maker":"Growatt","maker_full":"Growatt (Shenzhen Growatt New Energy Co., Ltd. / Growatt New Energy Technology Co., Ltd.)","country":"China (Shenzhen); units also manufactured in Vietnam per APX P-S1 datasheet","model":"ARK 25.6H (ARK HV system, 10 × ARK 2.5H-A1 — top of the ARK HV range)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (cobalt-free LiFePO4)","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":25.6,"dod_fraction":0.9,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.pvo-int.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Datasheet-Growatt-ARK-HV-5.1H-25.6H-Battery-System-EU.pdf","source_title":"ARK HV Battery System — Datasheet (EU), models ARK5.1H–ARK25.6H","source_date":"2020-12-07 (PDF creation date; internal document title 'ARK HV Battery System-EU.cdr')","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"SOURCE-STATED VERBATIM: 'Energy Capacity 25.6kWh', 'Number of Modules 10', 'Nominal Voltage 512V', 'Operating Voltage Range 472~568V', 'Weight 310kg', 'DoD 90%', 'Warranty 10Years'. Same limitations as ARK 10.2H: no system-level usable energy published (I did not multiply 25.6 × 0.90); power published only as current ('Standard Charge/Discharge Current 25A/0.5C', 'Max Charge/Discharge Current 50A/1C') so kW fields are null; no round-trip efficiency; no cycle count. Warranty throughput by Growatt's own N×6.67 MWh formula would be 66.7 MWh for N=10, but the document does not print that total so the field is null. Footnote worth noting for system design: 'Depends on the battery voltage range of storage inverter, start with three battery modules for SPH/SPA 4000~10000TL3 BH.' Hosted on distributor pvo-int.com, not an official Growatt domain.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"hithium--ess-cabinet-125kw-261kwh-c-i-1p52s-x5-modules","maker":"Hithium","maker_full":"Hithium (Xiamen Hithium Energy Storage Technology Co., Ltd. / HiTHIUM)","country":"China","model":"ESS Cabinet 125kW/261kWh (C&I, 1P52S x5 modules)","segment":"commercial","segment_raw":"commercial & industrial (C&I) all-in-one outdoor cabinet, PCS included","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4), HiTHIUM LFP 314 Ah","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":261,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":125,"power_kw_charge":125,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.hithium.com/bocupload/2025/08/01/1754035081192pl15d.pdf","source_title":"ESS Cabinet 125kW/261kWh — Liquid-cooled battery storage system for C&I Applications","source_date":"PDF CreationDate 2025-03-28 (no revision date printed on the page). Link verified live (HTTP 200) on 2026-09-24.","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"POWER CAVEAT: the datasheet gives a SINGLE AC-side figure — \"Nominal Power 125kW\", \"Maximum Power 137kW\" — it does NOT split charge from discharge. I entered 125 for both because the unit has one bidirectional PCS, but the source does not state them separately; treat as one rating, not two measured values. NO ROUND-TRIP EFFICIENCY stated anywhere in this document — do not borrow the containers' 94 % for this unit, it includes a PCS and so its AC-to-AC figure would be lower. NO cycle life, NO warranty, NO usable energy, NO DoD (only \"Nominal Energy Cabinet 261 kWh\"). Also stated: DC 832 V nominal / 715–923 V, module 52.2 kWh, 0.5 P / 0.5 P DC rate, AC 400Vac 3W+N+PE, 180 A nominal / 200 A max output, 1350 x 1000 x 2380 mm, ≥2.7 t, IP 55, -30…50 °C, PCS certs EN 50549-1 / G99 / VDE4110. A US 480Vac variant exists with 135 kW nominal / 148 kW max and identical 261 kWh (\"ESS Cabinet 135kW/261kWh\", PDF created 2025-08-12, original URL now 404, archived at https://web.archive.org/web/20250924*/hithium.com/bocupload/2025/09/10/17574691775055g0og1.pdf) — pick the one matching the grid voltage.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"hithium--ess-cell-314-ah-lfp71173207-314ah","maker":"Hithium","maker_full":"Hithium (Xiamen Hithium Energy Storage Technology Co., Ltd. / HiTHIUM)","country":"China","model":"ESS Cell 314 Ah (LFP71173207/314Ah)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"cell — used across Hithium's C&I cabinets and ∞Block utility containers","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4), prismatic","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":1.0048,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":13000,"cycle_life_conditions":"Datasheet: \"Nominal Cycles ≥ 13.000\" with footnotes 1,2,3 = \"0,5 P / 0,5 P\", \"25 °C +/- 2,0\", \"65 % SOH\". So: minimum 13,000 cycles at a 0.5 P charge/discharge rate, 25 °C ±2 °C, measured to 65 % state of health end-of-life. DEPTH OF DISCHARGE IS NOT STATED — the sheet gives a P-rate and a voltage window (2,50…3,65 V above 0 °C), not a DoD percentage. Note the unusually lenient 65 % SOH endpoint: most vendors quote to 70 % or 80 %, so this 13,000 is not directly comparable to competitors' numbers.","warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250613104623id_/https://hithium.com/bocupload/2025/04/21/17452141582153b1xys.pdf","source_title":"ESS Cell 314 Ah — Prismatic LFP cell optimised for use in stationary ESS","source_date":"PDF CreationDate 2024-12-24 (no revision date printed on the page). Archive capture 2025-06-13.","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"RETRIEVED VIA WAYBACK MACHINE — the original manufacturer URL now returns HTTP 404. Nominal energy printed as \"1.004,8 Wh\" (EU decimal comma) = 1.0048 kWh, at 0,5 P / 0,5 P and 25 °C ±2. NO round-trip efficiency stated for this cell. NO warranty. NO usable energy / DoD. Continuous charge rate 0,5 P and continuous discharge rate 0,5 P are given as P-rates only, never as kW. Also stated: 3,2 V nominal, AC resistance 0,20 mΩ ±0,05 @27 % SOC, self-discharge 3 %/month, 174,70 x 71,70 x 207,11 mm, 5,60 kg ±0,2, ≥173,2 Wh/kg, ≥382,6 Wh/L, charge 0…60 °C, discharge -30…60 °C. Certs IEC 62619, UL 9540A, UL 1973, GB/T 36276, UN 38.3.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"hithium--ess-module-104-5-kwh-2p52s-liquid-cooled-module","maker":"Hithium","maker_full":"Hithium (Xiamen Hithium Energy Storage Technology Co., Ltd. / HiTHIUM)","country":"China","model":"ESS Module 104.5 kWh (2P52S liquid-cooled module)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"building-block module for C&I and utility-scale systems (not a standalone system)","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4), prismatic HiTHIUM ESS cell 314 Ah","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":104.5,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://hithium.com/bocupload/2024/12/24/17350063031438w499s.pdf","source_title":"ESS Module 104 kWh — Liquid-cooled ESS module based on prismatic LFP cells","source_date":"PDF CreationDate 2024-12-20 (no revision date printed on the page). Link verified live (HTTP 200) on 2026-09-24.","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Nominal energy printed as \"104.5 kWh\" with footnotes 2,3 = \"0.5 P / 0.5 P\" and \"25 °C +/- 2 °C\" (the document title rounds it to 104 kWh). NO POWER RATING IN kW (only \"Nominal Charge / Dischage Rate 0.5 P / 0.5 P\"); not converted. NO ROUND-TRIP EFFICIENCY stated. NO cycle life figure (prose only: \"very high cyclic lifetime\"). NO warranty, NO usable energy, NO DoD. Also stated: 166.4 V nominal, operating 130–189.8 V (0 °C<T≤60 °C) / 104–189.8 V (-30 °C<T≤0 °C), SOC at delivery 27 %, ≥156 Wh/kg, ≥244 Wh/L, 800 x 2,184 x 243 mm, 667 ±10 kg, IP 67, glycol-water coolant. This is a component, not a deployable system — it carries no PCS, no enclosure and no site-level rating.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"hithium--block-4-180-mwh-ess-container-5-2p416s","maker":"Hithium","maker_full":"Hithium (Xiamen Hithium Energy Storage Technology Co., Ltd. / HiTHIUM)","country":"China","model":"∞Block 4.180 MWh (ESS Container, 5*2P416S)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale / 20 ft container (DC block)","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4), prismatic HiTHIUM ESS cells 314 Ah","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":4180,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.94,"efficiency_conditions":"Datasheet states \"Round Trip Efficiency ≥ 94 %\" with footnotes 1,2 = \"0,5 P / 0,5 P\" and \"25 °C +/- 2 °C\". Stated MINIMUM (≥). AC/DC not specified; DC block with no PCS.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.hithium.com/bocupload/2024/12/24/17350063848816uzizl.pdf","source_title":"HiTHIUM ∞ BLOCK — ESS Container 4,180 MWh, Liquid-cooled energy storage system","source_date":"PDF CreationDate 2024-12-19 (no revision date printed on the page). Link verified live (HTTP 200) on 2026-09-24.","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"NO POWER RATING IN kW (only \"0,5 P / 0,5 P\"); not converted. NO cycle life, NO warranty, NO usable energy, NO DoD. This is the EU-formatted sheet (decimal comma). Also stated: 1.331,2 V nominal, 1.040–1.500 V, SOC at delivery 27 %, ≥119 Wh/kg, ≥97 Wh/L, 6.058 x 2.438 x 2.896 mm, max 35.000 kg, IP 55.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"hithium--block-418-kwh-c-i-cabinet-1p52s-x8-modules","maker":"Hithium","maker_full":"Hithium (Xiamen Hithium Energy Storage Technology Co., Ltd. / HiTHIUM)","country":"China","model":"∞Block 418 kWh (C&I cabinet, 1P52S x8 modules)","segment":"commercial","segment_raw":"commercial & industrial (C&I) DC battery cabinet, no PCS included","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4), HiTHIUM LFP 314 Ah","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":417.99,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.hithium.com/bocupload/2026/06/01/1780284860811grcdz.pdf","source_title":"∞ Block 418 kWh — Liquid-cooled battery storage system","source_date":"PDF CreationDate 2025-07-14, ModDate 2026-05-29 (no revision date printed on the page). Link verified live (HTTP 200) on 2026-09-24.","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Nominal energy printed as \"417,99 kWh\" (EU decimal comma) with footnotes 1,2,3 = \"8 modules\", \"0,5 P / 0,5 P\", \"25°C +/- 2,0\". NO POWER RATING IN kW (only \"0,5 P / 0,5 P\"); not converted. NO ROUND-TRIP EFFICIENCY stated. NO cycle life, NO warranty, NO usable energy, NO DoD. Also stated: cabinet 1331.2 V nominal, 1040–1500 V, module 52,2 kWh / 166.4 V, SOC at delivery 27 %, 1350 x 1300 x 2350 mm, ≤3700 kg, C5M corrosion rating, -30…55 °C (>40 °C derating), aerosol suppression. A near-identical sheet titled \"HiTHIUM ∞ Power ESS Cabinet 418 kWh\" (dimensions 1300 x 1350 x 2380 mm, corrosion C5, PDF created 2025-05-13) also exists — same 417,99 kWh; confirm which enclosure variant is being quoted.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"hithium--block-5-016-mwh-ess-container-6-2p416s","maker":"Hithium","maker_full":"Hithium (Xiamen Hithium Energy Storage Technology Co., Ltd. / HiTHIUM)","country":"China","model":"∞Block 5.016 MWh (ESS Container, 6*2P416S)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale / 20 ft container (DC block)","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4), prismatic HiTHIUM ESS cells 314 Ah","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":5016,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.94,"efficiency_conditions":"Datasheet states \"Round Trip Efficiency ≥ 94 %\" with footnotes 1,2 = \"0.5 P / 0.5 P\" and \"25 °C +/- 2 °C (73.4 °F … 80.6 °F)\". Value is a stated MINIMUM (≥), not a point value. Datasheet does not say whether AC or DC side; the product is a DC block with no PCS included, so it is almost certainly DC-side.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.hithium.com/bocupload/2026/05/14/1778742554028279s9o.pdf","source_title":"HiTHIUM ∞ BLOCK — ESS Container 5.016 MWh, Liquid-cooled energy storage system","source_date":"PDF CreationDate 2025-03-25, ModDate 2025-11-19 (no revision date printed on the page itself). Link verified live (HTTP 200) on 2026-09-24.","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"NO POWER RATING IN kW. Datasheet gives only \"Nominal Charge/Discharge Rate 0.5 P / 0.5 P\". I did NOT convert this to kW because that is arithmetic the source does not perform. NO cycle life (prose only: \"very high cyclic lifetime\"). NO warranty (years or MWh throughput) anywhere in the document. NO usable energy and NO depth of discharge — only \"Nominal Energy 5,016 kWh\". Also stated: nominal voltage 1,331.2 V, operating 1,040–1,500 V, Nominal SOC at delivery 27 %, ≥125 Wh/kg, ≥117 Wh/L, 6,058 x 2,438 x 2,896 mm, max 40,000 kg, IP 55, operating -30…55 °C. An older \"Preliminary\" revision of this same container (5,015.96 kWh, 12P416S, >94 % RTE) is filed publicly at https://andoverma.gov/DocumentCenter/View/17673/Battery-Storage-System-Data-Sheet — same product, different configuration notation; the live datasheet above supersedes it.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"hithium--cell-1175-ah-mc1175p025a","maker":"Hithium","maker_full":"Hithium (Xiamen Hithium Energy Storage Technology Co., Ltd. / HiTHIUM)","country":"China","model":"∞Cell 1175 Ah (MC1175P025A)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"cell — long-duration (LDES); used in the ∞Power 6.25 MWh 4h container and ∞Power 1022 kWh C&I cabinet","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4), prismatic","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":3.76,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":11000,"cycle_life_conditions":"Datasheet: \"Nominal Cycles ≥ 11,000\" with footnotes 1,2,3 = \"0.25 P / 0.25 P\", \"25 °C +/- 2.0\", \"70 % SOH\". So: minimum 11,000 cycles at a 0.25 P (4-hour) rate, 25 °C ±2 °C, to 70 % state of health. DEPTH OF DISCHARGE IS NOT STATED — only a P-rate and the voltage window 2.50…3.65 V (T > 0 °C). Endpoint here is 70 % SOH, a different basis from the 314 Ah cell's 65 % SOH — the two cycle numbers are NOT directly comparable.","warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20251011134815id_/https://hithium.com/bocupload/2025/09/08/17573025330138dn09l.pdf","source_title":"1175 Ah — Prismatic LFP cell for long-duration energy storage","source_date":"PDF CreationDate 2025-04-01 (no revision date printed on the page). Archive capture 2025-10-11.","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"RETRIEVED VIA WAYBACK MACHINE — the original manufacturer URL now returns HTTP 404. Certifications marked \"* The certifications are in-progress\". Nominal energy \"3,760 Wh\" = 3.76 kWh at 0.25 P / 0.25 P, 25 °C ±2. NO round-trip efficiency stated. NO warranty. NO usable energy / DoD. Nominal continuous charge/discharge rate given only as \"0.25P/0.25P\", never as kW. Also stated: 3.2 V nominal, AC resistance 0.23 mΩ ±0.05 @27 % SOC, self-discharge 3 %/month, 580.22 x 75.22 x 216.31 mm, 20.4 kg ±0.5, 9.4 L, ≥180 Wh/kg, ≥400 Wh/L, charge 0…60 °C, discharge -30…60 °C. Certs IEC 62619, UL 9540A, UL 1973, UN 38.3.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"hithium--power-6-25-mwh-2h-ess-container-8-1p416s","maker":"Hithium","maker_full":"Hithium (Xiamen Hithium Energy Storage Technology Co., Ltd. / HiTHIUM)","country":"China","model":"∞Power 6.25 MWh 2h (ESS Container, 8*1P416S)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale / 20 ft container (DC block), 2-hour duration","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4), prismatic HiTHIUM ESS cells 587 Ah","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":6250,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.94,"efficiency_conditions":"Datasheet states \"Round Trip Efficiency ≥ 94 %\" with footnotes 1,2 = \"0.5 P / 0.5 P\" and \"25 °C +/- 2 °C (73.4 °F … 80.6 °F)\". Stated MINIMUM (≥). AC/DC not specified; DC block with no PCS.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20251011001029id_/https://www.hithium.com/bocupload/2025/09/08/1757302985311xi5bh.pdf","source_title":"6.25 MWh 2h — Liquid-cooled energy storage system (marked \"Preliminary\")","source_date":"PDF CreationDate 2025-02-20, ModDate 2025-02-21 (no revision date printed on the page). Archive capture 2025-10-11.","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"DOCUMENT IS MARKED \"Preliminary\"; certifications marked \"* In progress\". RETRIEVED VIA WAYBACK MACHINE — the original manufacturer URL now returns HTTP 404. NO POWER RATING IN kW (only \"0.5 P / 0.5 P\"); not converted. NO cycle life, NO warranty, NO usable energy, NO DoD. Note this 2h unit and the 4h unit above share the same 6,250 kWh nominal energy but different cells (587 Ah vs 1175 Ah) and different P-rates — do not treat them as one product. Also stated: 1,331.2 V nominal, 1,040–1,500 V, SOC at delivery 27 %, ≥130 Wh/kg, ≥145 Wh/L, max 48,000 kg, IP 55.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"hithium--power-6-25-mwh-4h-ess-container-4-1p416s","maker":"Hithium","maker_full":"Hithium (Xiamen Hithium Energy Storage Technology Co., Ltd. / HiTHIUM)","country":"China","model":"∞Power 6.25 MWh 4h (ESS Container, 4*1P416S)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale / 20 ft container (DC block), 4-hour duration","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4), prismatic HiTHIUM ESS cells 1175 Ah","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":6250,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.95,"efficiency_conditions":"Datasheet states \"Round Trip Efficiency ≥ 95 %\" with footnotes 1,2 = \"0.25 P / 0.25 P\" and \"25 °C +/- 2 °C (73.4 °F … 80.6 °F)\". Stated MINIMUM (≥). AC/DC not specified; DC block with no PCS. Note the efficiency is quoted at a gentle 0.25 P (4-hour) rate — it is NOT comparable to the 0.5 P figures of the ∞Block units.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250406181740id_/https://www.hithium.com/bocupload/2025/03/05/17411428703292epets.pdf","source_title":"6.25 MWh 4h — Liquid-cooled energy storage system (marked \"Preliminary\")","source_date":"PDF CreationDate 2025-01-09 (no revision date printed on the page). Archive capture 2025-04-06.","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"DOCUMENT IS MARKED \"Preliminary\" and its certifications are marked \"* In progress\" — numbers may change. RETRIEVED VIA WAYBACK MACHINE: the original manufacturer URL (hithium.com/bocupload/2025/03/05/17411428703292epets.pdf) now returns HTTP 404 — Hithium rotates these files. The archived bytes are the manufacturer's own PDF. NO POWER RATING IN kW (only \"Nominal Charge/Discharge Rate 0.25 P / 0.25 P\"); I did not convert. NO cycle life, NO warranty, NO usable energy, NO DoD. Also stated: 1,331.2 V nominal, 1,040–1,500 V operating, SOC at delivery 27 %, ≥130 Wh/kg, ≥145 Wh/L, 6,058 x 2,438 x 2,896 mm, max 48,000 kg, IP 55.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"hithium--power-6-922-mwh-ess-container-4-1p416s-8-hour-ld","maker":"Hithium","maker_full":"Hithium (Xiamen Hithium Energy Storage Technology Co., Ltd. / HiTHIUM)","country":"China","model":"∞Power 6.922 MWh (ESS Container, 4*1P416S, 8-hour LDES)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale / 20 ft container (DC block), 8-hour long-duration","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4), prismatic HiTHIUM ESS cells 1300 Ah","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":6922,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.96,"efficiency_conditions":"Datasheet states \"Round Trip Efficiency ≥ 96 %\" with footnotes 1,2 = \"0,125 P / 0,125 P\" and \"25 °C +/- 2 °C\". Stated MINIMUM (≥). IMPORTANT FOR ARBITRAGE MATH: 96 % is quoted at a very gentle 0.125 P (8-hour) rate. Do not apply this efficiency to a faster cycle.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260203132823id_/https://www.hithium.com/bocupload/2026/01/13/17682852265837atorv.pdf","source_title":"6,922 MWh — Liquid-cooled energy storage system (marked \"Preliminary\")","source_date":"PDF CreationDate 2026-01-07 (no revision date printed on the page). Archive capture 2026-02-03.","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"DOCUMENT IS MARKED \"Preliminary\"; certifications \"* In progress\". RETRIEVED VIA WAYBACK MACHINE — the original manufacturer URL now returns HTTP 404. NO POWER RATING IN kW (only \"0,125 P / 0,125 P\"); not converted. NO cycle life, NO warranty, NO usable energy, NO DoD. Hithium's product page lists this unit as \"∞Power 6.9MWh 8h\" — the datasheet's own figure is 6,922 kWh. Hithium press material describes an \"∞Power8 6.9MW/55.2MWh\" solution, which is a multi-container block, NOT this single container; I did not mix those numbers in. Also stated: 1,331.2 V nominal, 1,040–1,500 V, SOC at delivery 27 %, ≥135 Wh/kg, ≥160 Wh/L, max 50,000 kg, IP 66 (battery compartment).","spot_verified":null},{"id":"huawei--luna2000-10-s0","maker":"Huawei","maker_full":"Huawei (Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. / Huawei FusionSolar)","country":"China","model":"LUNA2000-10-S0","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (datasheet: \"Lithium-iron phosphate (LiFePO4)\")","energy_kwh_usable":10,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":5,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":16.45,"source_url":"https://solar.huawei.com/en-GB/download?p=%2F-%2Fmedia%2FSolar%2Fattachment%2Fpdf%2Feu%2Fdatasheet%2FLUNA2000-5-15-S0.pdf","source_title":"Smart String Energy Storage System — LUNA2000-5/10/15-S0, Technical Specification (Huawei datasheet PDF, solar.huawei.com)","source_date":null,"source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"ENERGY: \"Battery usable energy 10 kWh\" — explicitly USABLE, 2 × LUNA2000-5-E0 modules. Test conditions footnote: 100% DoD, 0.2C charge & discharge at 25℃, beginning of life. No system nominal energy printed. POWER: \"Max. output power 5 kW\", \"Peak output power 7 kW, 10s\" — discharge only; charge power NOT stated on the datasheet, so null. EFFICIENCY: none published by Huawei (checked datasheet PDF and https://solar.huawei.com/en/products/luna2000-5-10-15-s0/specs/). CYCLE LIFE: not stated by Huawei; residential warranty is throughput-based. WARRANTY: Huawei Limited Product Warranty, EU warranty condition V3.0, 2024-03-01 — 10 years OR 16.45 MWh @60% EOL (EU outside Germany) / 13.17 MWh @80% EOL (Germany), whichever first. The throughput is stated \"(For 5kWh battery module)\" — PER MODULE. This unit has 2 modules; I did NOT multiply, per instruction. If your model needs a system throughput, take that scaling decision explicitly and document it. ARBITRAGE CAVEAT: same 15% minimum end-of-discharge SOC when no PV/sunlight has been detected for 24 h. DATE: no revision date on the document face; PDF metadata 2023-01-29.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"huawei--luna2000-14-s1","maker":"Huawei","maker_full":"Huawei (Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. / Huawei FusionSolar)","country":"China","model":"LUNA2000-14-S1","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (datasheet: \"Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4)\")","energy_kwh_usable":13.8,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":7,"power_kw_charge":7,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":5,"warranty_throughput_mwh":28.84,"source_url":"https://ske-solar.com/productdata/LUNA2000-S1/01_Datasheets/DataSheet_LUNA2000-7-14-21-S1_V01_2024-06_EN.pdf","source_title":"SMART STRING ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM — LUNA2000-7/14/21-S1, Technical Specification, Version No.: 01-202406 (Huawei-authored datasheet)","source_date":"2024-06","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"SOURCE PROVENANCE: Huawei's own datasheet (SOLAR.HUAWEI.COM footer, Version No.: 01-202406) mirrored on distributor ske-solar.com; Huawei's download endpoint returned HTTP 500. ENERGY: \"Battery usable energy 13.8 kWh\" — explicitly USABLE, 2 × LUNA2000-7-E1 modules. 100% DoD, 0.2C at 25℃, beginning of service life. No system nominal printed. POWER: \"Max. charging & discharging power 7 kW\" — Huawei gives one figure for both directions. EFFICIENCY: not published. CYCLE LIFE: not stated by Huawei. WARRANTY: Huawei Limited Product Warranty, EU warranty condition V3.0, 2024-03-01 — Basic 5 years, Advanced 15 years (conditional on staying internet-connected; disconnection >6 months voids advanced). warranty_years set to basic 5. Throughput 28.84 MWh @60% EOL (EU ex-Germany) / 13.52 MWh @80% (Germany), explicitly \"(For 6.9kWh battery module)\" — PER MODULE; this unit has 2 modules and I did not multiply.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"huawei--luna2000-15-s0","maker":"Huawei","maker_full":"Huawei (Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. / Huawei FusionSolar)","country":"China","model":"LUNA2000-15-S0","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (datasheet: \"Lithium-iron phosphate (LiFePO4)\")","energy_kwh_usable":15,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":5,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":16.45,"source_url":"https://solar.huawei.com/en-GB/download?p=%2F-%2Fmedia%2FSolar%2Fattachment%2Fpdf%2Feu%2Fdatasheet%2FLUNA2000-5-15-S0.pdf","source_title":"Smart String Energy Storage System — LUNA2000-5/10/15-S0, Technical Specification (Huawei datasheet PDF, solar.huawei.com)","source_date":null,"source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"ENERGY: \"Battery usable energy 15 kWh\" — explicitly USABLE, 3 × LUNA2000-5-E0 modules. 100% DoD, 0.2C at 25℃, beginning of life. No system nominal printed. POWER: \"Max. output power 5 kW\" — note this is the SAME as the 10-S0 because the single LUNA2000-5KW-C0 power module caps output; adding the third battery module adds energy but NOT power. Peak 7 kW for 10 s. Charge power NOT stated → null. This matters for arbitrage: the 15-S0 is a 3-hour asset, not a 1.5-hour one. EFFICIENCY: not published by Huawei. CYCLE LIFE: not stated by Huawei. WARRANTY: Huawei Limited Product Warranty, EU warranty condition V3.0, 2024-03-01 — 10 years OR 16.45 MWh @60% EOL (EU ex-Germany) / 13.17 MWh @80% (Germany). Throughput is \"(For 5kWh battery module)\" — PER MODULE; this unit has 3 modules and I did not multiply. ARBITRAGE CAVEAT: 15% minimum end-of-discharge SOC without PV/sunlight for 24 h. DATE: no face date; PDF metadata 2023-01-29.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"huawei--luna2000-2-0mwh-2h1","maker":"Huawei","maker_full":"Huawei (Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. / Huawei FusionSolar)","country":"China","model":"LUNA2000-2.0MWH-2H1","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale container (20-ft battery container; Huawei markets it for utility and C&I)","chemistry":"LFP (Huawei \"Utility Smart String ESS Solution\" battery-pack table: \"Cell Material — LFP\" for LUNA2000-2.0MWH-1H1/2H1)","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":2032,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":1016,"power_kw_charge":1016,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":6570,"cycle_life_conditions":"From Huawei's \"C&I Energy Storage 2MWh Series Warranty Service Terms\", Document Version 01, Release Date 2024-04-28 (Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd), Table 2-1. For regions OUTSIDE CHINA: 6,570 cycles at a 0.5C charge/discharge coefficient, standard working condition \"one charge and one discharge every day\". For the CHINA region the same model is warranted at 8,030 cycles at 0.5C under \"two charges and two discharges per day\". Performance warranty envelope (section 2.1): \"100% DOD, 60% capacity at EOL, operating temperature range of -30℃~+30℃\", over a ten-year warranty period — whichever of period or cycle count is reached first ends the warranty. Capacity test conditions: 25°C±3°C, charge to 100% SOC at 0.5C, discharge to end-of-discharge SOC at 0.5C. Sibling models in the same table: LUNA2000-2.0MWH-1H1 and LUNA2000-1.0MWH-1H1 are both warranted at 4,400 cycles at 1C.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://solar.huawei.com/download?p=%2F-%2Fmedia%2FSolar%2Fdatasheet%2FLUNA2000-20MWH-1H01H12H1.pdf","source_title":"LUNA2000-2.0MWH Series Smart String ESS (Huawei datasheet PDF, solar.huawei.com)","source_date":null,"source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"ENERGY — IMPORTANT: the datasheet row is \"Nominal Energy Capacity — 2,032 kWh\", explicitly NOMINAL, so energy_kwh_usable is null. The separate Huawei warranty document defines the performance warranty at \"100% DOD\" (hence dod_fraction 1.0), but nominal and DoD come from two DIFFERENT documents and I did not multiply them into a usable figure — do that explicitly in the app if you want it, and label it as derived. POWER: \"Rated Power 1,016 kW\" and \"Charge & Discharge Rate ≤ 0.5 C\" — symmetric, giving the 2-hour duration implied by the \"2H\" suffix. Sibling variants on the same datasheet, all verified: -1H0 = 2,064 kWh nominal / 2,064 kW / ≤1C; -1H1 = 2,032 kWh / 2,032 kW / ≤1C. EFFICIENCY: no round-trip efficiency anywhere on this datasheet or in Huawei's \"Utility Smart String ESS Solution\" brochure. The 99.0% figure that appears in that brochure is the LUNA2000-200KTL Smart PCS \"Max. Efficiency\" — a single-conversion inverter figure, NOT round-trip. Using it as RTE would materially overstate arbitrage P&L. RTE for this container is a genuine gap: report null. CHEMISTRY: the 2.0MWH datasheet itself does not name the cell chemistry; LFP is confirmed from Huawei's own \"Utility Smart String ESS Solution\" PDF (https://solar.huawei.com/admin/asset/v1/pro/view/da351c1fdcdc4b7f84f6282a44199ee7.pdf), whose battery-pack table gives \"Cell Material LFP\", pack 18S1P, 57.6 V, \"280 Ah / 16.13 kWh\" for the 2.0MWH-1H1/2H1 and 1.0MWH-1H1. WARRANTY: warranty_years 10 is the PERFORMANCE warranty (battery, 60% capacity at EOL). Separately, the product/equipment warranty in the same document (Tables 2-2/2-3) is much shorter: basic 2 years for ESS/DCDC/PCS/fire-suppression, upgraded to advanced 5 years if connected to Huawei PV cloud or a five-year inspection service is purchased; 1 year for SACU/SmartLogger. Huawei also conditions the battery warranty on cloud connectivity: cell damage from failure to apply firmware upgrades in time is not covered. No MWh throughput guarantee is given for this family — the guarantee is cycle-based, not throughput-based, unlike the residential line. DATE: no revision date on the datasheet face; PDF file metadata 2023-07-26. Warranty document date is firm: 2024-04-28.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"huawei--luna2000-200kwh-2h1","maker":"Huawei","maker_full":"Huawei (Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. / Huawei FusionSolar)","country":"China","model":"LUNA2000-200KWH-2H1","segment":"commercial","segment_raw":"commercial","chemistry":"LFP (datasheet Battery Pack table: \"Cell Material — LFP\")","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":193.5,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":100,"power_kw_charge":100,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":2,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://solar.huawei.com/download?p=%2F-%2Fmedia%2FSolarV4%2Fsolar-version2%2Fcommon%2Fprofessionals%2Fall-products%2Fci%2Fsmart-string-ess%2Fluna2000-200kwhg-2h1%2Fdatasheet%2Fluna2000-200kwhg-2h1-dtatsheet-20230310.pdf","source_title":"LUNA2000-200KWH-2H1 Smart String ESS (Huawei datasheet PDF, solar.huawei.com)","source_date":null,"source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"ENERGY — IMPORTANT: row reads \"Maximum battery capacity of the energy storage system — 193.5 kWh\" (NOT labelled usable). Recorded as nominal; usable left null. No DoD stated on this datasheet → dod_fraction null; usable energy cannot be derived from this document. POWER: this dedicated 200KWH datasheet gives \"Rated Power 100 kW\"; the companion family datasheet (https://solar.huawei.com/admin/asset/v1/pro/view/ad91d6d343ee4f13860b641e8239e53c.pdf) splits it into \"Max. Charging Power ≤100 kW\" and \"Max. Discharging Power ≤100 kW\" — equal in both directions for this model. Pack charge/discharge rate ≤0.5C (vs ≤1C on the 97KWH), battery configuration 12S1P, pack nominal capacity 16.13 kWh, pack weight ≤140 kg. Energy-to-power ratio ≈2 h, consistent with the \"2H\" model suffix. EFFICIENCY: no round-trip efficiency published. The \"Smart Rack Controller Max. Efficiency ≥98.5%\" row is the DC/DC converter's peak efficiency, NOT system RTE — must not be used as a round-trip number in the arbitrage model. If you need an RTE for this class, the closest Huawei-published figure is the 91.3% \"maximum cycle efficiency\" on the newer LUNA2000-215-2S10 (separate row in this dataset) — but that is a DIFFERENT product with its own integrated PCS, so borrowing it is an assumption, not a fact. CYCLE LIFE: not stated; no performance-warranty cycle table found for this C&I family. WARRANTY: \"C&I ESS Warranty Policy (Oversea)\", Issue 04, 2025-01-17 (Huawei-hosted) lists LUNA2000-200KWH-2H1 and -2H0 as covered: devices basic 2 years / advanced 3 years; auxiliary products (SACU/SmartLogger) 1 year. Equipment warranty only — no capacity-retention or MWh-throughput guarantee in that document. DATE: the document face shows no revision date, but the Huawei URL path encodes \"dtatsheet-20230310\" (i.e. 2023-03-10); PDF file metadata 2023-07-26. Neither is a date printed on the page, so source_date left null.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"huawei--luna2000-21-s1","maker":"Huawei","maker_full":"Huawei (Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. / Huawei FusionSolar)","country":"China","model":"LUNA2000-21-S1","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (datasheet: \"Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4)\")","energy_kwh_usable":20.7,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":10.5,"power_kw_charge":10.5,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":5,"warranty_throughput_mwh":28.84,"source_url":"https://ske-solar.com/productdata/LUNA2000-S1/01_Datasheets/DataSheet_LUNA2000-7-14-21-S1_V01_2024-06_EN.pdf","source_title":"SMART STRING ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM — LUNA2000-7/14/21-S1, Technical Specification, Version No.: 01-202406 (Huawei-authored datasheet)","source_date":"2024-06","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"SOURCE PROVENANCE: Huawei-authored datasheet (Version No.: 01-202406) mirrored on ske-solar.com; Huawei's own endpoint returned HTTP 500. ENERGY: \"Battery usable energy 20.7 kWh\" — explicitly USABLE, 3 × LUNA2000-7-E1. 100% DoD, 0.2C at 25℃, beginning of service life. POWER: \"Max. charging & discharging power 10.5 kW\", one figure for both directions. Unlike the S0 series, the S1 power scales with module count (3.5 kW per module) because of the 10 kW power module — so the S1 family stays a ~2-hour asset at every size, which changes arbitrage sizing versus the S0. Datasheet footnotes 4 and 5 warn output is derated by temperature and by altitude above 2,000 m (\"refer to the output derating curve\") — the curves are not in the datasheet. EFFICIENCY: not published by Huawei. CYCLE LIFE: not stated. WARRANTY: Huawei Limited Product Warranty, EU warranty condition V3.0, 2024-03-01 — Basic 5 years, Advanced 15 years (conditional on internet connectivity). Throughput 28.84 MWh @60% EOL (EU ex-Germany) / 13.52 MWh @80% (Germany), stated \"(For 6.9kWh battery module)\" — PER MODULE; 3 modules here, not multiplied. Scalability: max 4 systems in parallel (82.8 kWh) but only with SUN2000-12/15/17/20/25K-MB0 inverters.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"huawei--luna2000-215-2s10","maker":"Huawei","maker_full":"Huawei (Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. / Huawei FusionSolar)","country":"China","model":"LUNA2000-215-2S10","segment":"commercial","segment_raw":"commercial","chemistry":"LFP (datasheet Battery Parameters (DC): \"Cell material — LFP\")","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":215,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":108,"power_kw_charge":108,"round_trip_efficiency":0.913,"efficiency_conditions":"Datasheet row \"Maximum cycle efficiency — 91.3%\". This is the ONLY round-trip-type efficiency Huawei publishes anywhere in the LUNA2000 line that I could verify. Caution on conditions: the datasheet's note (1) defines \"Rated operating condition: In the on-grid scenario, the ambient temperature is 25°C, the charge/discharge rate is 0.5 CP, and the AC output voltage is 400 Vac\", but that note is tied by an explicit \"(rated operating condition)\" label only to the noise and THDi rows. The 91.3% row carries no such label, so the datasheet does NOT explicitly state the test condition for the efficiency figure — and it is a MAXIMUM, not a typical or annual-average value.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":2,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://solar.huawei.com/admin/asset/v1/pro/view/135e950d5f0c40ffa317c4cd20554e08.pdf","source_title":"LUNA2000-215-2S10 Smart String ESS (Huawei datasheet PDF, solar.huawei.com)","source_date":null,"source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"DATASHEET STATUS WARNING — the document carries Huawei's own note (2): \"This product datasheet is used only for the bidding of early projects.\" Treat every figure here as preliminary and re-verify before it drives money in the app. ENERGY: row reads \"Rated capacity — 215.0kWh\" (RATED, not labelled usable), so nominal 215.0 and usable null. DoD: separate row \"Depth of charge and discharge — 0~100%\" → dod_fraction 1.0. Because DoD is 0-100% AND rated capacity is given, usable is plausibly close to 215 kWh, but the datasheet never uses the word \"usable\", so I did not assert it or multiply. POWER: the battery is rated \"Maximum cycle rate 0.5 CP\"; the integrated PCS row gives \"PCS model type PCS2000-108K-MB1, Rated output power 108 kW\", which is the AC-side power ceiling in both directions — 215 kWh / 108 kW ≈ 2 h. The datasheet gives no separate charge-power figure, so I applied the single PCS rated output to both directions; flag this if your model needs asymmetric charge/discharge. EFFICIENCY: 91.3% max cycle efficiency (see efficiency_conditions) — this is an AC-to-AC figure for the integrated system including the PCS, which is why it is far below the 98.5%/99% single-conversion device efficiencies quoted elsewhere in the LUNA2000 line. For a conservative arbitrage P&L, 91.3% is a ceiling, not an expectation. CYCLE LIFE: no cycle count and no capacity-retention curve on the datasheet; no performance-warranty document was found covering the 215-2S10. Other verified rows: 240S1P battery configuration, 4 battery packs, 280 Ah rated battery capacity, hybrid cooling, active balance, -30°C~55°C (derating above 50°C), ≤150 W standby consumption (a real round-trip cost for daily arbitrage), ≤2.8 T. WARRANTY: \"C&I ESS Warranty Policy (Oversea)\", Issue 04, 2025-01-17 (Huawei-hosted) lists LUNA2000-215-2S10 and -215-2S12 as covered products: devices basic 2 years / advanced 3 years. Equipment warranty only; no throughput or retention guarantee. DATE: no revision date on the document face; PDF file metadata 2024-07-08.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"huawei--luna2000-5-s0","maker":"Huawei","maker_full":"Huawei (Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. / Huawei FusionSolar)","country":"China","model":"LUNA2000-5-S0","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (datasheet: \"Lithium-iron phosphate (LiFePO4)\")","energy_kwh_usable":5,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":2.5,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":16.45,"source_url":"https://solar.huawei.com/en-GB/download?p=%2F-%2Fmedia%2FSolar%2Fattachment%2Fpdf%2Feu%2Fdatasheet%2FLUNA2000-5-15-S0.pdf","source_title":"Smart String Energy Storage System — LUNA2000-5/10/15-S0, Technical Specification (Huawei datasheet PDF, solar.huawei.com)","source_date":null,"source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"ENERGY: datasheet row is literally \"Battery usable energy 5 kWh\" — explicitly USABLE. Footnote 1 gives the test conditions: \"100% depth of discharge (DoD), 0.2C rate charge & discharge at 25℃, at the beginning of life\" — hence dod_fraction 1.0. No separate system-level NOMINAL energy is printed; the only other energy row is per-module \"Battery module energy 5 kWh\" (1 module here). I did not multiply or derive anything. POWER: datasheet gives only \"Max. output power 2.5 kW\" (= discharge) and \"Peak output power 3.5 kW, 10s\"; NO charge power is stated anywhere on the datasheet, so power_kw_charge is null — do not assume it equals discharge. EFFICIENCY: no round-trip/charge-discharge efficiency appears on the datasheet or on the Huawei specs page https://solar.huawei.com/en/products/luna2000-5-10-15-s0/specs/ — Huawei does not publish RTE for residential LUNA2000. CYCLE LIFE: no cycle count is stated by Huawei for this unit; the residential warranty is throughput-based, not cycle-based. Third-party claims of \"6000 cycles at 90% DOD\" circulate on reseller/blog pages — NOT verified in any Huawei document, deliberately excluded. WARRANTY: from a separate Huawei document — \"Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. (\\\"Huawei\\\") Limited Product Warranty\", EU warranty condition version V3.0, dated 2024-03-01, https://solar-distribution.baywa-re.pl/out/media/14-LUNA2000-S0_EN_EU_Huawei_Warranty_2024_March.pdf (Huawei-authored, mirrored by a distributor). Terms: 10 years OR minimum through-output energy, whichever comes first; 16.45 MWh @60% EOL for EU countries other than Germany; for Germany it is 13.17 MWh @80% EOL. CRITICAL FOR THE APP: the warranty table header states the throughput figure is \"(For 5kWh battery module)\" — it is PER 5 kWh MODULE, so the 10-S0 and 15-S0 rows carry the same per-module number, not a system total. Capacity test condition (warranty doc): 25°C±3°C, charge to 100% SOC, rest 10 min, discharge at 0.2C. ARBITRAGE CAVEAT: datasheet footnote 1 also warns \"If no PV modules are installed or the system has not detected sunlight for at least 24 hours, the minimum end of discharge SOC is 15%\" — a grid-only arbitrage cycle may therefore NOT get the full 5 kWh. DATE: the document face shows no revision number or date; PDF file metadata says 2023-01-29 (file metadata, not a stated publication date).","spot_verified":null},{"id":"huawei--luna2000-7-s1","maker":"Huawei","maker_full":"Huawei (Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. / Huawei FusionSolar)","country":"China","model":"LUNA2000-7-S1","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (datasheet: \"Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4)\")","energy_kwh_usable":6.9,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":3.5,"power_kw_charge":3.5,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":5,"warranty_throughput_mwh":28.84,"source_url":"https://ske-solar.com/productdata/LUNA2000-S1/01_Datasheets/DataSheet_LUNA2000-7-14-21-S1_V01_2024-06_EN.pdf","source_title":"SMART STRING ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM — LUNA2000-7/14/21-S1, Technical Specification, Version No.: 01-202406 (Huawei-authored datasheet)","source_date":"2024-06","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"SOURCE PROVENANCE — READ THIS: the PDF is Huawei's own datasheet (SOLAR.HUAWEI.COM footer, \"Version No.: 01-202406\"), but it is served from distributor ske-solar.com because Huawei's own download endpoint returned HTTP 500 on repeated attempts. Treat as manufacturer datasheet, mirrored. ENERGY: \"Battery usable energy 6.9 kWh\" — explicitly USABLE, 1 × LUNA2000-7-E1 module. Footnote 1: \"Test conditions: 100% depth of discharge (DoD), 0.2C rate charge & discharge at 25℃, at the beginning of service life\" → dod_fraction 1.0. No separate system nominal printed. POWER: single row \"Max. charging & discharging power 3.5 kW\" — Huawei states charge and discharge as the SAME figure here (unlike the S0 series), so both fields are 3.5. Column alignment verified against the \"Number of battery modules = 1\" column. NOTE A CONFLICT: Huawei's HTML specs page (https://solar.huawei.com/en/products/luna2000-7-14-21-s1/specs/) renders this row ambiguously and can be read as 7 kW for the 7-S1; the tabulated PDF datasheet is unambiguous at 3.5 kW and I used it. EFFICIENCY: no RTE row on the datasheet or the product page; Huawei does not publish residential RTE. CYCLE LIFE: not stated by Huawei. Marketing pages claim \">12,000 cycles\" — NOT found in any Huawei technical document, excluded. WARRANTY: from \"Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Limited Product Warranty\", EU warranty condition V3.0, 2024-03-01, https://7sun.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/warranty-huawei-luna2000-7-e1.pdf — Basic Warranty Period 5 years, Advanced Warranty Period 15 years (advanced requires internet connection; \"If your LUNA2000-7/14/21-S1 is disconnected from the Internet for more than six months, the advanced warranty voids and only the base warranty applies\"). warranty_years is set to the BASIC 5; 15 is conditional. Throughput 28.84 MWh @60% EOL (EU outside Germany) / 13.52 MWh @80% EOL (Germany), stated \"(For 6.9kWh battery module)\" — PER MODULE. Huawei's product page also claims the Module+ architecture gives \"more than 40% energy throughput\" improvement, footnoted as \"theoretical values from Huawei's internal laboratories\".","spot_verified":null},{"id":"huawei--luna2000-97kwh-1h1","maker":"Huawei","maker_full":"Huawei (Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. / Huawei FusionSolar)","country":"China","model":"LUNA2000-97KWH-1H1","segment":"commercial","segment_raw":"commercial","chemistry":"LFP (datasheet Battery Pack table: \"Cell Material — LFP\")","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":96.8,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":92,"power_kw_charge":100,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":2,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://solar.huawei.com/admin/asset/v1/pro/view/ad91d6d343ee4f13860b641e8239e53c.pdf","source_title":"LUNA2000 — 200/161/129KWH-2H1, LUNA2000 — 97KWH-1H1, Smart String ESS (Huawei datasheet PDF, solar.huawei.com)","source_date":null,"source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"ENERGY — IMPORTANT: the datasheet row is \"Maximum battery capacity of the energy storage system — 96.8kWh\". It says MAXIMUM BATTERY CAPACITY, not \"usable\". I recorded it as nominal and left usable null. No DoD figure appears on this datasheet, so you cannot derive usable energy from it — dod_fraction is null deliberately. Do not assume 100% DoD here just because the residential line quotes it. POWER: two separate rows — \"Max. Charging Power ≤100 kW\" and \"Max. Discharging Power ≤92 kW\". Charge and discharge DIFFER for this model (the only one in the family where they do). Datasheet note: \"In case the LUNA2000-100KTL-M1 PCS is used in conjunction with LUNA2000-97KWH-1H1 Smart String ESS, the Max Discharging Power is 92 kW.\" Battery config 6S1P; pack rated ≤1C (vs ≤0.5C on the 200KWH). EFFICIENCY: no round-trip efficiency on this datasheet. The datasheet does show \"Smart Rack Controller — Max. Efficiency ≥98.5%\" and the Smart PCS efficiency curve — these are SINGLE-CONVERSION DEVICE efficiencies, NOT round-trip. Do not feed 98.5% into an arbitrage P&L as RTE; it would overstate revenue substantially. CYCLE LIFE: not stated on the datasheet; no performance/cycle warranty document was found for the 97-200KWH C&I family (the cycle-count warranty tables I located cover only the 1.0/2.0 MWh containers). WARRANTY: from \"C&I ESS Warranty Policy (Oversea)\", Issue 04, 2025-01-17, https://solar.huawei.com/download?p=%2F-%2Fmedia%2FSolarV4%2Fsolar-version2%2Fcommon%2Fservice-support%2Fwarranty%2Fpdf%2Fc-i-ess-warranty-policy-oversea-v2-0.pdf — LUNA2000-97KWH-1H1 is listed as a covered product; Smart String ESS / DCDC / PCS / fire suppression: basic warranty 2 years, advanced 3 years (advanced lost if disconnected from FusionSolar SmartPVMS >6 months). This is an EQUIPMENT warranty only — it contains no capacity-retention or throughput guarantee. DATE: no revision date on the document face; a parallel copy of this datasheet is indexed elsewhere as \"Datasheet - 20231018\"; PDF file metadata says 2024-09-20 (file metadata, not a stated date).","spot_verified":null},{"id":"lg-energy-solution-ltd--flex-12-9-resu-flex","maker":"LG Energy Solution Ltd.","maker_full":"LG Energy Solution Ltd.","country":"South Korea","model":"FLEX 12.9 (RESU FLEX)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"NMC (same family as FLEX 17.2; NMC stated on LG's own EU FLEX page, see FLEX 17.2 entry).","energy_kwh_usable":12.9,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":6.5,"power_kw_charge":6.5,"round_trip_efficiency":0.95,"efficiency_conditions":"Minimum \">95% (under specific condition)\", from Attachment 1 of the Limited Warranty for Flex Home Battery v2.0; charge/discharge following power limit under 0.3 CP at 25±2 °C. DC pack-level.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":"Not published; warranted as MWh throughput.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":51,"source_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240420113144id_/https://lghomebatteryblog.eu/wp-content/uploads/LGES_FLEX_Data-sheet_v3.3.pdf","source_title":"LG Energy Solution — FLEX Battery Product Specification, Ver 3.3","source_date":null,"source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"USABLE 12.9 kWh at DOD 100%; no nominal figure published. 6.5 kW max charge/discharge, peak 7 kW for 3 s discharge only, 22 A. Voltage range 288–398.4 V. Warranty 10 years or 51.0 MWh throughput / 70% retention, from LGES_FLEX_Warranty_v2.0.pdf (link in the FLEX 17.2 entry). No date printed in either document.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"lg-energy-solution-ltd--flex-17-2-resu-flex","maker":"LG Energy Solution Ltd.","maker_full":"LG Energy Solution Ltd.","country":"South Korea","model":"FLEX 17.2 (RESU FLEX)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"NMC. Datasheet says only \"Lithium-ion\"; NMC stated on LG's own EU FLEX page: https://web.archive.org/web/2024id_/https://lghomebatteryblog.eu/class/flex-residential-storage-system/ (\"LG Energy Solution's advanced NMC cell technology\").","energy_kwh_usable":17.2,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":8.5,"power_kw_charge":8.5,"round_trip_efficiency":0.95,"efficiency_conditions":"Minimum \">95% (under specific condition)\". Not in the datasheet — from Attachment 1 (Battery Technical Specifications) of the Limited Warranty for Flex Home Battery, v2.0; conditions given there: charging and discharging following the power limit under 0.3 CP at 25±2 °C, cut-off at SoC 100% / SoC 0%. DC pack-level, not AC-to-AC. Note FLEX has no internal DC/DC converter, which is why its figure is higher than Prime's 90.3%.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":"No cycle count published in the datasheet or warranty; LG warrants MWh throughput instead.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":68.1,"source_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240420113144id_/https://lghomebatteryblog.eu/wp-content/uploads/LGES_FLEX_Data-sheet_v3.3.pdf","source_title":"LG Energy Solution — FLEX Battery Product Specification, Ver 3.3","source_date":null,"source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Datasheet prints \"Ver3.3\" but no date; the Wayback capture is 2024-04-20. Energy is stated as USABLE 17.2 kWh @25 °C with footnote \"DOD 100%\" — no nominal/total energy is published for the unit (the 34.4 kWh figure is the max for two units in parallel). 8.5 kW is one Max. Charge/Discharge Power value; peak 11 kW for 3 s, discharge only; max current 22 A. Warranty and efficiency from a second LG document: \"Limited Warranty for Flex Home Battery of LG Energy Solution\" v2.0, https://web.archive.org/web/20240420113156id_/https://lghomebatteryblog.eu/wp-content/uploads/LGES_FLEX_Warranty_v2.0.pdf — 10 years or 68.1 MWh aggregate throughput, whichever first, 70% of initially rated capacity retained. That warranty also states 17.05 MWh per module if modules are added after initial installation. Neither document shows a publication date.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"lg-energy-solution-ltd--resu10h-type-c-400-v-discontinued-july-2021","maker":"LG Energy Solution Ltd.","maker_full":"LG Energy Solution Ltd.","country":"South Korea","model":"RESU10H (Type-C, 400 V) — discontinued July 2021","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"NMC — the datasheet says only \"Lithium-ion\"; LG's EU site describes the whole RESU/Prime/FLEX line as NMC cells (see Prime entry). Treat the chemistry as inferred from the product family, not from this model's own sheet.","energy_kwh_usable":9.3,"energy_kwh_nominal":9.8,"dod_fraction":0.95,"power_kw_discharge":5,"power_kw_charge":5,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":"NO round-trip efficiency is published for this model. The datasheet gives only a ONE-WAY figure: \"DC/DC Discharge Efficiency 94.5% @ 2.3 kW\". Do not square it or pair it with a charge figure — the charge-direction efficiency is not stated. Looked in: RESU Product Guide v2.0 section 4.3.3, the RESU7H/10H warranty (2019-10-30), and LG's EU home-battery product pages.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":"Not published; LG warrants MWh throughput instead of cycles.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":27.4,"source_url":"https://www.onsaplus.eu/user/related_files/resu-product-book-ver2_0_eng_eu_211210.pdf","source_title":"LG Energy Solution — PRODUCT BOOK, RESU Prime / LV / HV, Version 2.0 (section 4.3.3 \"RESU10H_Type-C (v5.0)\")","source_date":"2021-12-10","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Included because it is LG's highest-volume 400 V home battery of 2017–2021 and is still in the installed base, but production was discontinued in July 2021 (stated in the product book itself). Total 9.8 kWh and usable 9.3 kWh both printed; usable footnoted \"cell only, Depth of Discharge 95%; actual usable energy at the AC output may vary\". 5 kW max charge/discharge (LG recommends 0.3CP for maximum lifetime), peak 7 kW for 10 s discharge only. Warranty from \"LG Chem Lithium-ion Battery Limited Warranty — RESU7H / RESU10H Battery Storage System\", 2019-10-30, https://web.archive.org/web/20201229181757id_/https://lghomebatteryblog.eu/wp-content/uploads/20191030-RESU7H-10H-LG-Chem-Lithium-ion-Battery-Limited-Warranty-Europe-Standard.pdf — retains at least 60% of Nominal Energy (9.8 kWh) for the earlier of 10 years or 27.4 MWh throughput, measured at 0.2C CC/CV.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"lg-energy-solution-ltd--resu10h-prime-eh153064p8s1-eh153064p8s8","maker":"LG Energy Solution Ltd.","maker_full":"LG Energy Solution Ltd.","country":"South Korea","model":"RESU10H Prime (EH153064P8S1 / EH153064P8S8)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"NMC. Datasheet says only \"Lithium-ion\"; NMC stated on LG's own EU site: https://web.archive.org/web/2024id_/https://lghomebatteryblog.eu/class/prime-residential-storage-system/","energy_kwh_usable":9.6,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":5,"power_kw_charge":5,"round_trip_efficiency":0.903,"efficiency_conditions":"Minimum \">90.3% (under specific condition)\", from Attachment 1 of the Limited Warranty for Prime Home Battery v5.9 EU Standard; charge/discharge following the power limit under 0.3 CP at 25±2 °C, measured at the battery DC interface (BPI). DC pack round trip, not AC-to-AC.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":"Not published by LG for this model in any document opened; life is warranted as MWh throughput instead of cycles.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":32,"source_url":"https://www.onsaplus.eu/user/related_files/resu-product-book-ver2_0_eng_eu_211210.pdf","source_title":"LG Energy Solution — PRODUCT BOOK, RESU Prime / LV / HV, Version 2.0 (section 4.1.2 \"RESU 10H Prime (v3.8)\")","source_date":"2021-12-10","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"USABLE 9.6 kWh @25 °C at DOD 100%; no single-unit nominal/total energy published (the 19.2 kWh figure is for two units in parallel). Max. charge/discharge power 5 kW (same both directions), peak 7 kW for 10 s discharge only, max current 14.3 A @350 V. Efficiency and warranty from the Prime warranty v5.9 (https://signaturesolar.com/content/documents/LG%20Battery/231201_Prime%20Warranty_v5.9_EU%20Standard.pdf): 10 years or 32 MWh throughput, whichever first, 70% retention. That warranty carries no printed date (filename encodes 2023-12-01).","spot_verified":null},{"id":"lg-energy-solution-ltd--resu16h-prime-eh257064p8s1-eh257064p8s8","maker":"LG Energy Solution Ltd.","maker_full":"LG Energy Solution Ltd.","country":"South Korea","model":"RESU16H Prime (EH257064P8S1 / EH257064P8S8)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"NMC (lithium nickel-manganese-cobalt). The datasheet itself says only \"Lithium-ion\"; NMC is stated on LG Energy Solution's own EU home-battery site: https://web.archive.org/web/2024id_/https://lghomebatteryblog.eu/class/prime-residential-storage-system/ (\"PRIME contains safe NMC cells\").","energy_kwh_usable":16,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":7,"power_kw_charge":7,"round_trip_efficiency":0.903,"efficiency_conditions":"Stated as a MINIMUM: \">90.3% (under specific condition)\". Not in the datasheet — it appears in Attachment 1 (Battery Technical Specifications) of the Limited Warranty for Prime Home Battery v5.9 EU Standard. The \"specific condition\" given there: standard charging/discharging following the power limit under 0.3 CP at 25±2 °C (77±3.6 °F), cut-off at SoC 100% / SoC 0%. Measured at the battery DC interface (BPI), i.e. DC-side pack round trip, NOT AC-to-AC.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":"No cycle-life figure appears in any LG document I opened (product book, datasheet, warranty). LG expresses the life guarantee as energy throughput, not cycles.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":54,"source_url":"https://www.onsaplus.eu/user/related_files/resu-product-book-ver2_0_eng_eu_211210.pdf","source_title":"LG Energy Solution — PRODUCT BOOK: Essential Information for Certified Installers, RESU Prime / LV / HV, Version 2.0 (section 4.1.1 \"RESU 16H Prime (v3.8)\")","source_date":"2021-12-10","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Energy: source states USABLE 16.0 kWh @25 °C at DOD 100% (footnote: \"DOD 100%. DC/DC converter one way efficiency 97.5%\"). No separate nominal/total figure is published for a single unit — the \"32.0 kWh\" in the datasheet is the scalability line for TWO units in parallel, not one unit's nominal. Power 7 kW is a single Max. Charge/Discharge Power figure (charge = discharge); peak 11 kW for 10 s, discharge only. Efficiency and warranty come from a SECOND document: \"Limited Warranty for Prime Home Battery of LG Energy Solution\", v5.9 EU Standard, https://signaturesolar.com/content/documents/LG%20Battery/231201_Prime%20Warranty_v5.9_EU%20Standard.pdf — 10 years from warranty-term commencement OR 54 MWh aggregate throughput, whichever first, guaranteeing 70% energy retention. That document prints no date inside; its filename encodes 2023-12-01. Its Attachment 1 repeats 16.0 kWh / 7 kW / 20 A, so the 2021 product book and the 2023 warranty agree. The product-book PDF is LG's own document mirrored on a distributor site (onsaplus.eu); LG's live EU site lghomebatteryblog.eu no longer resolves (DNS failure), so several LG documents here are cited via the Wayback Machine.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"lg-energy-solution-ltd--tr1300-transportable-rack-22-packs-of-m48290p5b","maker":"LG Energy Solution Ltd.","maker_full":"LG Energy Solution Ltd.","country":"South Korea","model":"TR1300 (Transportable Rack, 22 packs of M48290P5B)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale","chemistry":"Lithium-ion — the specific cathode chemistry is NOT stated in any LG document I opened. LG's grid product page and its global catalogue say only \"Lithium-ion\"; LG press material calls the cell the \"JH4 energy cell\" without naming the chemistry. Do not record NMC for this model without a further source.","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":327.712,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":"No efficiency figure is published for LG's grid-scale racks. Looked in: LG's grid/C&I product-info pages (EU and US), the LG Energy Solution Catalogue (Global) 2021, and web search for a TR1300 datasheet. LG appears to publish rack efficiency only under NDA to system integrators.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":"Not published anywhere I could reach; LG does not publish a public warranty document for grid-scale racks.","warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.lgessbattery.com/m/us/grid/product-info.lg","source_title":"LG ESS Battery — Grid/C&I Battery Product Info (US), TR1300 entry","source_date":null,"source_quality":"manufacturer-page","gaps":"Only the energy and electrical envelope are published: 327.712 kWh, 290 Ah, nominal 1,130.36 V, range 924–1,293.6 V, 5,088 lb (≈2,350 kg). The page does not say whether 327.712 kWh is nominal or usable — I have recorded it as nominal and left usable null rather than guess. The same figures (327.7 kWh, 290 Ah, 1,130 V, 2,350 kg) appear in LG's own \"LG Energy Solution Catalogue (Global)\", https://www.lgessbattery.com/ImageServlet?imgPath=210319_LG_Energy_Solution_Catalogue_%28Global%29.pdf&imageType=CATALOGUE (file dated 2021-03-19), which cross-checks the number. No continuous power rating is given for the rack at all — power on a utility rack is set by the PCS, not the rack, so the app CANNOT compute a charge/discharge rate for this product from published data. TR1300 is included as LG's most-deployed utility product (over 4,500 racks at the Moss Landing facility per LG press releases), not because its data is complete — it is not.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"lg-energy-solution-ltd--enblock-c10-eh048189p3s1-formerly-resu10","maker":"LG Energy Solution Ltd.","maker_full":"LG Energy Solution Ltd.","country":"South Korea","model":"enblock C10 (EH048189P3S1; formerly RESU10)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"NMC — stated by LG Energy Solution on its own EU enblock C page: https://web.archive.org/web/2024id_/https://lghomebatteryblog.eu/class/enblock-c/ (\"The LG enblock C series, featuring the C6.5, C10 and C12 models, boasts high-performance NMC cells\").","energy_kwh_usable":8.8,"energy_kwh_nominal":9.8,"dod_fraction":0.9,"power_kw_discharge":5,"power_kw_charge":5,"round_trip_efficiency":0.95,"efficiency_conditions":"Datasheet line \"Battery Pack Round-Trip Efficiency: >95% (under specific condition)\" (Italian edition: \"Efficienza scarica/carica >95% (a certe condizioni)\"). Test conditions printed on the same sheet: 25 °C, at the beginning of life, energy measured by LGES at 0.3CCCV/0.3CC. Pack DC-side, a stated minimum.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":"No cycle count in the datasheet or the warranty; LG warrants MWh throughput instead.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":30,"source_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231129022653id_/https://lghomebatteryblog.eu/wp-content/uploads/230627_Data_sheet_enblock-C10_ver1.9-ITA.pdf","source_title":"LG Energy Solution — enblock C10, Specifiche del prodotto (Product Specification) Ver 1.9","source_date":"2023-06","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"The source gives BOTH numbers explicitly — total 9.8 kWh and usable 8.8 kWh — so they are reported as given, not multiplied. The usable figure carries the footnote \"Value for Battery Cell Only (Depth of Discharge 90%); actual usable energy at the AC output may vary by condition, such as inverter efficiency and temperature\" — so 8.8 kWh is a DC cell-level figure, not AC-deliverable. 5.0 kW is one max charge/discharge value; LG adds \"LGES recommends 0.3CP for maximum battery lifetime; maximum power will vary with temperature and SOC\", i.e. 5 kW is not a sustainable-at-all-SOC number. Peak 7.0 kW for 3 s. Warranty from a separate LG document: \"LG Energy Solution Lithium-ion Battery Limited Warranty — enblock C6.5 / enblock C10 / enblock C12 Battery Storage System\", Effective Date 28 November 2023, https://web.archive.org/web/2024id_/https://www.mg-solar-shop.de/media/pdf/39/62/8f/warranty_conditions_lges_enblock_c.pdf — 60% of Nominal Energy retained until the earlier of 10 years or 30.0 MWh throughput, measured at 0.2C CC/CV, 25–30 °C, battery DC side. The only datasheet edition I could open is the Italian-language one (spec values are numeric and unambiguous); the English original is on LG's own site, which is now offline.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"lg-energy-solution-ltd--enblock-c12-eh048252p3s2-successor-to-resu13-res","maker":"LG Energy Solution Ltd.","maker_full":"LG Energy Solution Ltd.","country":"South Korea","model":"enblock C12 (EH048252P3S2; successor to RESU13/RESU12)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"NMC — per LG Energy Solution's EU enblock C page (see enblock C10 entry).","energy_kwh_usable":11.7,"energy_kwh_nominal":13.1,"dod_fraction":0.9,"power_kw_discharge":5,"power_kw_charge":5,"round_trip_efficiency":0.95,"efficiency_conditions":"\"Battery Pack Round-Trip Efficiency: >95% (under specific condition)\"; datasheet test conditions 25 °C, beginning of life, 0.3CCCV/0.3CC. DC pack-side minimum.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":"Not published; life warranted as MWh throughput.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":39,"source_url":"https://nastechsolar.com/content/STORAGE/LG%20ESS/Datasheet%20LG%20ESS%20enblock%20C12.pdf","source_title":"LG Energy Solution — enblock C12, Product Specification Ver 1.4","source_date":"2023-06","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"CONFLICT WORTH FLAGGING: the datasheet says total energy 13.1 kWh, the warranty table says Nominal Energy 13.0 kWh for the same model. Both numbers are reported as printed; do not average them. Usable 11.7 kWh carries the footnote \"Value for Battery Cell Only (Depth of Discharge 90%); actual usable energy at the AC output may vary\" — DC cell-level, not AC. 5.0 kW max charge/discharge (LG recommends 0.3CP ≈ 3.9 kW for maximum lifetime); peak 7.0 kW for 3 s, 11.0 kW for 3 s in backup mode. Warranty: 10 years or 39.0 MWh, 60% of Nominal Energy retained, from the enblock C warranty effective 2023-11-28 (link in the enblock C10 entry). This datasheet is LG's own PDF (LG Energy Solution Seoul HQ footer, \"2023.June\") mirrored on a reseller domain because LG's own EU site is offline.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"lg-energy-solution-ltd--enblock-c6-5-eh048126p3s1-formerly-resu6-5","maker":"LG Energy Solution Ltd.","maker_full":"LG Energy Solution Ltd.","country":"South Korea","model":"enblock C6.5 (EH048126P3S1; formerly RESU6.5)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"NMC — per LG Energy Solution's EU enblock C page (see enblock C10 entry).","energy_kwh_usable":5.9,"energy_kwh_nominal":6.5,"dod_fraction":0.9,"power_kw_discharge":4.2,"power_kw_charge":4.2,"round_trip_efficiency":0.95,"efficiency_conditions":"\"Battery Pack Round-Trip Efficiency: >95% (under specific condition)\"; test conditions 25 °C, beginning of life, 0.3CCCV/0.3CC. DC pack-side minimum.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":"Not published in datasheet or warranty.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":20,"source_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231129012809id_/https://lghomebatteryblog.eu/wp-content/uploads/230627_Data_sheet_enblock-C6.5_ver3.0-ITA.pdf","source_title":"LG Energy Solution — enblock C6.5, Specifiche del prodotto (Product Specification) Ver 3.0","source_date":"2023-06","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Total 6.5 kWh and usable 5.9 kWh are both printed. Usable is footnoted \"cell only, Depth of Discharge 90%\" — DC, not AC-deliverable. 4.2 kW max charge/discharge, 100 A; peak 4.6 kW for 3 s. Warranty: 10 years or 20.0 MWh, 60% of Nominal Energy, from the enblock C warranty effective 2023-11-28 (link in the enblock C10 entry). Only the Italian-language edition of the datasheet was reachable.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"lg-energy-solution-ltd--enblock-e15-5","maker":"LG Energy Solution Ltd.","maker_full":"LG Energy Solution Ltd.","country":"South Korea","model":"enblock E15.5","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (lithium iron phosphate) — stated by LG Energy Solution on its own EU enblock E page: https://web.archive.org/web/2024id_/https://lghomebatteryblog.eu/class/enblock-e/ (\"high-quality LFP cells from LG Energy Solution's own production\"). The datasheet itself does not name the chemistry.","energy_kwh_usable":15.5,"energy_kwh_nominal":16.4,"dod_fraction":0.95,"power_kw_discharge":7.7,"power_kw_charge":7.7,"round_trip_efficiency":0.96,"efficiency_conditions":"Datasheet line \"Battery Pack Round-Trip Efficiency: >96% (under specific condition)\". Sheet test conditions: 25 °C, at the beginning of life; energy measured by LGES. Stated minimum, DC pack-side.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":"No cycle count on the datasheet. I could not open an enblock E warranty document, so no throughput figure either.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.lgessbattery.com/en/lgenblock/datafile/download/Data_sheet_enblock%20E_1.1.pdf","source_title":"LG Energy Solution — enblock E (E12.4 / E15.5) Product Specification, Ver 1.1 (features page Ver 3.1)","source_date":"2023-08","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Both numbers printed: total 16.4 kWh, usable 15.5 kWh, footnote \"Value for Battery Cell Only (Depth of Discharge 95%); actual usable energy at the AC output may vary by condition, such as the inverter efficiency and temperature\". 7.7 kW is a single max charge/discharge value, 36.5 A, nominal 289.8 V; no peak-power figure is printed for enblock E. The 10-year warranty is only a bullet on the datasheet (\"Proven Safety and 10 year warranty\") — I could NOT find an enblock E warranty PDF, so the aggregate MWh throughput and the guaranteed retention percentage are unknown. Where I looked: LG's own download portal (lgessbattery.com/en/lgenblock), LG's EU download page (archived), and web search for \"Limited Warranty enblock E\". Sibling model enblock E12.4 on the same sheet: total 13.1 kWh, usable 12.4 kWh (DoD 95%), 6.2 kW, 36.5 A, nominal 231.8 V, same >96%.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"nidec-conversion--nidec-acbox-v3-u1","maker":"Nidec Conversion","maker_full":"Nidec Conversion (Nidec Industrial Solutions / Nidec ASI) — plus the other European integrators I could actually verify from primary documents: Saft (FR), TESVOLT (DE), sonnen (DE)","country":"Nidec Conversion: France (Roche-la-Molière / La Fouillouse — named in the brochure as the global Centre of Excellence for Energy Storage) with Italian origin (Nidec bought Ansaldo Sistemi Industriali in 2013, per the same brochure). Saft: France (26 quai Charles Pasqua, 92300 Levallois-Perret — printed on the datasheet). TESVOLT: Germany (Am Heideberg 31, 06886 Lutherstadt Wittenberg — printed on the datasheets). sonnen: Germany (document obtained is the UK-market edition and carries no address).","model":"Nidec ACBOX V3 — U1","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale / container","chemistry":"LFP","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":5030,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":"The datasheet quotes only a one-way power-conversion efficiency: 'Power conversion | Efficiency 98.6% Max, 98.2% EU', measured per IEC 61683. That is the PCS alone — no battery or system AC-to-AC round-trip figure appears anywhere in the document.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.nidec-conversion.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Brochure_ACBOX-V3_Nidec_EN_v06_17-02-26-web.pdf","source_title":"ACBOX V3 — All-in-one solutions (Nidec Conversion product datasheet/brochure)","source_date":"2026-02-17 (printed on the last page as 'ED. 01 - 17/02/2026')","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"POWER: the document states power only as apparent power — 'Power conversion | Power: 2.47 MVA'. It never states kW, so I report null rather than assume unity power factor. ENERGY: printed as 'Batteries | Nameplate energy(1) 5030 kWh', footnote (1) = 'up to'. Configuration: 6 racks (48 modules) x 838 kWh rack energy; cells 'Tier-1 liquid-cooled 315 Ah LFP'. The words 'usable' and 'nominal' are not used and no DoD or BMS window is given, so usable energy is unknown. NO cycle life, NO DoD, NO warranty figure exists in any Nidec document I opened — the master BESS brochure only says 'Nidec provides warranties with optional long term operation and maintenance contracts', with no number. Other printed facts: footprint 26 ft, weight < 42000 kg, container 20 ft HC, 'No derating up to 40 °C, SOH 80%', operating temp -35 to 55 °C. Where I looked for the missing values: this datasheet, the ACBOX V4 and V5 datasheets, the 2025 ACBOX datasheet, the 2026 and 2021 BESS brochures, and the ACBOX product page — none carry RTE, cycle life or warranty.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"nidec-conversion--nidec-acbox-v3-u2","maker":"Nidec Conversion","maker_full":"Nidec Conversion (Nidec Industrial Solutions / Nidec ASI) — plus the other European integrators I could actually verify from primary documents: Saft (FR), TESVOLT (DE), sonnen (DE)","country":"Nidec Conversion: France (Roche-la-Molière / La Fouillouse — named in the brochure as the global Centre of Excellence for Energy Storage) with Italian origin (Nidec bought Ansaldo Sistemi Industriali in 2013, per the same brochure). Saft: France (26 quai Charles Pasqua, 92300 Levallois-Perret — printed on the datasheet). TESVOLT: Germany (Am Heideberg 31, 06886 Lutherstadt Wittenberg — printed on the datasheets). sonnen: Germany (document obtained is the UK-market edition and carries no address).","model":"Nidec ACBOX V3 — U2","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale / container","chemistry":"LFP","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":6709,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":"Same document, same single figure: 'Power conversion | Efficiency 98.6% Max, 98.2% EU' (IEC 61683) — PCS one-way efficiency only, not a round trip.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.nidec-conversion.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Brochure_ACBOX-V3_Nidec_EN_v06_17-02-26-web.pdf","source_title":"ACBOX V3 — All-in-one solutions (Nidec Conversion product datasheet/brochure)","source_date":"2026-02-17 (printed 'ED. 01 - 17/02/2026')","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"POWER: printed as 'Power conversion | Power: 1.23, 2.47 MVA' — two selectable apparent-power ratings, no kW anywhere, so null. ENERGY: 'Batteries | Nameplate energy(1) 6709 kWh', footnote (1) = 'up to'; 8 racks (64 modules) x 838 kWh. Page 3 of the same document shows the same figure as 6.71 MWh. No usable energy, no DoD, no cycle life, no warranty stated. Other printed facts: footprint 32 ft, weight < 60000 kg, container 26 ft HC.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"nidec-conversion--nidec-acbox-v3-u3","maker":"Nidec Conversion","maker_full":"Nidec Conversion (Nidec Industrial Solutions / Nidec ASI) — plus the other European integrators I could actually verify from primary documents: Saft (FR), TESVOLT (DE), sonnen (DE)","country":"Nidec Conversion: France (Roche-la-Molière / La Fouillouse — named in the brochure as the global Centre of Excellence for Energy Storage) with Italian origin (Nidec bought Ansaldo Sistemi Industriali in 2013, per the same brochure). Saft: France (26 quai Charles Pasqua, 92300 Levallois-Perret — printed on the datasheet). TESVOLT: Germany (Am Heideberg 31, 06886 Lutherstadt Wittenberg — printed on the datasheets). sonnen: Germany (document obtained is the UK-market edition and carries no address).","model":"Nidec ACBOX V3 — U3","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale / container","chemistry":"LFP","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":8387,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":"Same document: 'Power conversion | Efficiency 98.6% Max, 98.2% EU' (IEC 61683) — PCS one-way only.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.nidec-conversion.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Brochure_ACBOX-V3_Nidec_EN_v06_17-02-26-web.pdf","source_title":"ACBOX V3 — All-in-one solutions (Nidec Conversion product datasheet/brochure)","source_date":"2026-02-17 (printed 'ED. 01 - 17/02/2026')","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"POWER: 'Power conversion | Power: 1.23, 2.47 MVA' — apparent power only, no kW, so null. ENERGY: 'Batteries | Nameplate energy(1) 8387 kWh', footnote (1) = 'up to'; 10 racks (80 modules) x 838 kWh; shown as 8.39 MWh elsewhere in the same document. No usable energy, DoD, cycle life or warranty. Other printed facts: footprint 37 ft, weight < 70000 kg, container 31 ft HC.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"nidec-conversion--nidec-acbox-v4-u1-also-documented-u2-6-70-mwh-u3","maker":"Nidec Conversion","maker_full":"Nidec Conversion (Nidec Industrial Solutions / Nidec ASI) — plus the other European integrators I could actually verify from primary documents: Saft (FR), TESVOLT (DE), sonnen (DE)","country":"Nidec Conversion: France (Roche-la-Molière / La Fouillouse — named in the brochure as the global Centre of Excellence for Energy Storage) with Italian origin (Nidec bought Ansaldo Sistemi Industriali in 2013, per the same brochure). Saft: France (26 quai Charles Pasqua, 92300 Levallois-Perret — printed on the datasheet). TESVOLT: Germany (Am Heideberg 31, 06886 Lutherstadt Wittenberg — printed on the datasheets). sonnen: Germany (document obtained is the UK-market edition and carries no address).","model":"Nidec ACBOX V4 — U1 (also documented: U2 6.70 MWh, U3 8.38 MWh)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale / container","chemistry":"LFP","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":5030,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":"No efficiency number at all in the V4 datasheet — it only claims 'top-of-the-class efficiency across the operating range' in prose and lists IEC 61683 as the applicable performance standard.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.nidec-conversion.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/DataSheet-ACBOXV4_Nidec_WEB_v02_09_07-2026.pdf","source_title":"ACBOX V4 (Nidec Conversion datasheet)","source_date":"2026-07-09 (printed 'ED. 02 - 09/07/2026')","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"POWER — read this carefully before using it for P&L: the only true-MW figure is 'Container | DC maximum power 2.51 MW' (U2 3.35 MW, U3 4.19 MW), which is a DC MAXIMUM at the battery, not a continuous AC rating. Continuous AC output is quoted as apparent power and depends on the chosen duration: U1 2 h = 3.03 MVA, 3 h = 2.25 MVA, 4 h = 1.50 MVA, 8 h = 0.75 MVA. Because none of these is a continuous kW, I report null. ENERGY: 'Container | Nameplate energy 5.03 MWh' from 12 racks (6 columns) of 419.3 kWh each; cell '315 Ah 0.5P', rack config '4 x 1P104S', 1164-1500 VDC. No usable energy, no DoD, no cycle life, no warranty. RECONCILIATION NOTE: the U1/U2/U3 table in Nidec's master BESS brochure (18/02/2026) matches this V4 datasheet, not the V3 one — same 12/16/20 racks, 22/28/34 ft HC, 42000/60000/75000 kg, 315 Ah, 0.5P, 416 cells in series. So treat the brochure's 'Up to 3 MVA / 3 MVA / 2.5 MVA' as V4 figures, not V3. Container 22 ft HC, weight < 42000 kg.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"nidec-conversion--saft-intensium-max-20-high-energy-lfp-1500-v","maker":"Nidec Conversion","maker_full":"Nidec Conversion (Nidec Industrial Solutions / Nidec ASI) — plus the other European integrators I could actually verify from primary documents: Saft (FR), TESVOLT (DE), sonnen (DE)","country":"Nidec Conversion: France (Roche-la-Molière / La Fouillouse — named in the brochure as the global Centre of Excellence for Energy Storage) with Italian origin (Nidec bought Ansaldo Sistemi Industriali in 2013, per the same brochure). Saft: France (26 quai Charles Pasqua, 92300 Levallois-Perret — printed on the datasheet). TESVOLT: Germany (Am Heideberg 31, 06886 Lutherstadt Wittenberg — printed on the datasheets). sonnen: Germany (document obtained is the UK-market edition and carries no address).","model":"Saft Intensium Max 20 High Energy (LFP, 1500 V)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale / container (20 ft, battery-only — no PCS included)","chemistry":"LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate), UL 9540A tested","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":2300,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":1100,"power_kw_charge":1100,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":"This 2022 LFP datasheet gives NO efficiency figure of any kind. (The earlier NMC edition of the same product name does — see the separate row — but that is a different chemistry and must not be carried over.)","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://saft4u.saft.com/en/download_file/4136543b-59fc-4870-917e-a32248dd130a/English","source_title":"Intensium® Max 20 High Energy — 2.3 MWh high energy lithium-ion battery storage container (Saft doc. n° 22133-0522-2)","source_date":"2022-05 (printed 'Doc. n° 22133-0522-2 - May 2022')","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"ENERGY wording: the table says 'Rated energy (C/5) 2.3 MWh', footnote '(1) According to IEC 60620'. The words 'usable' and 'nominal' do not appear, and no DoD is given — I placed it in the nominal field because 'rated' is not a usable-energy claim, but the app should treat this as an unlabelled rated figure. POWER: 'Rated DC power 1.1 MW charge/discharge' at 'Rated current 900 A charge/discharge'; separately 'Maximum DC power 2.2 MW' at 1800 A — I used the rated (continuous) value, not the maximum. Voltage range 1040–1400 V; discharge duration range 1–4 hours. NO cycle life and NO warranty are stated; 'Design lifetime ≤ 20 years' is a design-life statement, not a warranty, so warranty_years is null. NOTE ON ACCESS: the direct www.saft.com PDF link returns an HTML consent page, so I fetched the identical document from Saft's own saft4u.saft.com customer portal.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"nidec-conversion--saft-intensium-max-20-high-energy-nmc-march-2019","maker":"Nidec Conversion","maker_full":"Nidec Conversion (Nidec Industrial Solutions / Nidec ASI) — plus the other European integrators I could actually verify from primary documents: Saft (FR), TESVOLT (DE), sonnen (DE)","country":"Nidec Conversion: France (Roche-la-Molière / La Fouillouse — named in the brochure as the global Centre of Excellence for Energy Storage) with Italian origin (Nidec bought Ansaldo Sistemi Industriali in 2013, per the same brochure). Saft: France (26 quai Charles Pasqua, 92300 Levallois-Perret — printed on the datasheet). TESVOLT: Germany (Am Heideberg 31, 06886 Lutherstadt Wittenberg — printed on the datasheets). sonnen: Germany (document obtained is the UK-market edition and carries no address).","model":"Saft Intensium Max 20 High Energy (NMC — March 2019 edition, superseded)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale / container (20 ft, battery-only — no PCS included)","chemistry":"NMC Li-ion ('Built with advanced NMC Li-ion technology')","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":2500,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":1200,"power_kw_charge":1200,"round_trip_efficiency":0.96,"efficiency_conditions":"Printed verbatim as 'Cycle efficiency (DC roundtrip, 0.5C) 96%'. This is a DC round trip across the battery container at a 0.5C rate; the product ships without a power conversion system, so inverter and transformer losses are NOT included and the AC-to-AC round trip of a built plant will be lower. Same value quoted for both the 1000 V and 1500 V classes.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.norwatt.es/classeur/produits/pdf/Intensium%E2%94%AC-Max-20-High-Energy_unlocked.pdf","source_title":"Intensium® Max 20 High Energy — Very high energy lithium-ion container 2.5 MWh (Saft doc. no. 22014-0319-2, Edition March 2019)","source_date":"2019-03 (printed 'Doc No.: 22014-0319-2, Edition: March 2019')","source_quality":"reseller","gaps":"SOURCE QUALITY — read this: the PDF is Saft-authored (Saft doc number, Saft address, Saft layout) but the only copy I could open is mirrored on the distributor norwatt.es, and the filename ends in '_unlocked', meaning it was re-saved by a third party. Saft's own site no longer serves this edition. Treat the numbers as a manufacturer document of uncertain custody, and note it is SUPERSEDED — the current product of the same name is LFP, 2.3 MWh (separate row). I list it only because it carries the single genuine round-trip efficiency figure I found in this whole survey. ENERGY: 'Rated energy (C/5) (MWh) 2.5', footnote '(1) According to IEC 60620'; not labelled usable or nominal, no DoD given. POWER: 'Charge and discharge power (DC) at rated continuous current (at 50% SOC) 1.2 MW' (rated current 1575 A at 1000 V class / 1050 A at 1500 V class); a separate 'at maximum current' figure of 2.0 MW exists and I did NOT use it. 'Discharge time at nominal power 2 h'. NO cycle life and NO warranty stated; 'Design life 20 years' and 'Self-discharge <6% / month' are stated. Nominal rate in charge and discharge: 0.5C.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"nidec-conversion--tesvolt-tps-hv-80-e-containerised-storage-plant","maker":"Nidec Conversion","maker_full":"Nidec Conversion (Nidec Industrial Solutions / Nidec ASI) — plus the other European integrators I could actually verify from primary documents: Saft (FR), TESVOLT (DE), sonnen (DE)","country":"Nidec Conversion: France (Roche-la-Molière / La Fouillouse — named in the brochure as the global Centre of Excellence for Energy Storage) with Italian origin (Nidec bought Ansaldo Sistemi Industriali in 2013, per the same brochure). Saft: France (26 quai Charles Pasqua, 92300 Levallois-Perret — printed on the datasheet). TESVOLT: Germany (Am Heideberg 31, 06886 Lutherstadt Wittenberg — printed on the datasheets). sonnen: Germany (document obtained is the UK-market edition and carries no address).","model":"TESVOLT TPS HV 80 E (containerised storage plant)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"container / commercial-industrial plant (10 ft and 20 ft containers)","chemistry":"Lithium NMC prismatic (Samsung SDI cells)","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":1280,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":800,"power_kw_charge":800,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":"Two separate component figures, no system round trip: 'Efficiency (battery) up to 98 %' for the battery, and for the SMA STPS X 50 inverter 'Max. efficiency/European efficiency 98%/97.2%'. The European (weighted) inverter efficiency of 97.2% is the more realistic of the two inverter numbers. I did not multiply them into an RTE.","cycle_life":6000,"cycle_life_conditions":"'Cycles expected @ 100% DoD | 70% SoH | 23°C +/-5°C 1C/1C: 6,000'; also '8,000' at 0.5C/0.5C under the same 100% DoD / 70% SoH / 23°C ±5°C conditions. Note this sheet says 70% SoH where the E-series cabinet sheet says 70% EoL.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.tesvolt.com/_media/05%20SERVICE/03%20Downloads/E-Serie/TPS_HV_80_E/Datenblatt/RD.TI.090.E.en-US.pdf","source_title":"TECHNICAL DATA SHEET TPS HV 80 E (rev. RD.TI.090.E.en-US Revision: D.02)","source_date":null,"source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"DATE: revision code only ('Revision: D.02'), no printed date; PDF file metadata 2024-04-26 (file metadata, not a publication date). ENERGY AND POWER ARE THE MAXIMUM CONTAINER BUILD, not a fixed SKU: 'Max. energy content [kWh] 640 (10 ft) | 1,280 (20 ft)' from up to 8 or 16 storage systems, each system being 80 kWh (10 modules/string, max C-rate 0.6C). The configuration table's header row reads 'Output [kW]' and runs 50, 100, ... 800 against 1 to 16 SMA STPS 50 inverters — hence 800 kW for the full 20 ft / 1,280 kWh build, i.e. roughly a 1.6-hour plant. A second documented string length gives 56 kWh per system (7 modules, 0.9C) and up to 896 kWh / 600 kW. The sheet notes 'All 20ft variants and all variants with 56 kWh per battery string are project-specific variants', so the 1,280 kWh / 800 kW figure is a project configuration, not a stock product. Per-system energy is stated as 'Energy content 80 kWh' without the words usable or nominal; cycle life is quoted at 100% DoD, hence dod_fraction 1.0, but no usable-energy window is published. INVERTER POWER UNIT MISMATCH: the SMA STPS X 50 is itself rated '50 kVA' (apparent), while the configuration table is labelled in kW — the kW label is what I used. WARRANTY: battery '10-year performance guarantee, 5-year system guarantee'; inverter '5 years standard SMA guarantee (optional: 10 years)'. No MWh throughput stated. Container ambient -10 to 40 °C standard, optional -35 to 40 °C — relevant for a Ukrainian winter.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"nidec-conversion--tesvolt-ts-i-hv-100-e","maker":"Nidec Conversion","maker_full":"Nidec Conversion (Nidec Industrial Solutions / Nidec ASI) — plus the other European integrators I could actually verify from primary documents: Saft (FR), TESVOLT (DE), sonnen (DE)","country":"Nidec Conversion: France (Roche-la-Molière / La Fouillouse — named in the brochure as the global Centre of Excellence for Energy Storage) with Italian origin (Nidec bought Ansaldo Sistemi Industriali in 2013, per the same brochure). Saft: France (26 quai Charles Pasqua, 92300 Levallois-Perret — printed on the datasheet). TESVOLT: Germany (Am Heideberg 31, 06886 Lutherstadt Wittenberg — printed on the datasheets). sonnen: Germany (document obtained is the UK-market edition and carries no address).","model":"TESVOLT TS-I HV 100 E","segment":"commercial","segment_raw":"commercial & industrial (indoor cabinet with integrated inverter)","chemistry":"Lithium NMC prismatic (Samsung SDI cells)","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":96,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":85,"power_kw_charge":85,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":"Same document, same two component figures and no system round trip: 'Efficiency (battery) Up to 98%' and TESVOLT PCS 'Max. efficiency 97.8%'. Not multiplied.","cycle_life":6000,"cycle_life_conditions":"'Cycles expected @ 100% DoD | 70% EoL | 23°C +/-5°C 1C/1C: 6000'; also 8000 cycles at 0.5C/0.5C, same 100% DoD / 70% EoL / 23°C ±5°C conditions. Both 'expected', not guaranteed.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.tesvolt.com/_media/05%20SERVICE/03%20Downloads/E-Serie/TS-I_HV_80__100_E/Datenblatt/RD.TI.075.E.en-US_3.pdf","source_title":"TECHNICAL DATA SHEET TS-I HV E SERIES — TS-I HV 80 E | TS-I HV 100 E (rev. RD.TI.075.E.en-US_v.C.02)","source_date":null,"source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"DATE: revision code only ('v.C.02'), no printed date; PDF file metadata 2023-05-15 (file metadata, not a publication date). ENERGY: 'Energy content 96 kWh (at 100% DoD)' — hence dod_fraction 1.0; no separate usable figure. NAME vs SIZE: despite the '100' in the name the documented energy content is 96 kWh. POWER: the 85 kW comes from this model's own configuration table, whose header reads 'Output [kW] 85 170 255 340 ...' against 'Number of IPUs 1 2 3 4 ...'; the shared PCS table lists 'Rated active power 80 kW/85 kW*' with '* Maximum power limit of inverter', so 85 kW is at the inverter's ceiling rather than a conservative continuous rating — derate if the plant model needs margin. Scales to 32 units / 3072 kWh / 1360 kW. WARRANTY: 10-year performance guarantee plus 5-year system guarantee; no MWh throughput stated. Type designation TS HV 90/12-20; nominal 972 V DC, max C-rate 1C, max current 100 A.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"nidec-conversion--tesvolt-ts-i-hv-80-e","maker":"Nidec Conversion","maker_full":"Nidec Conversion (Nidec Industrial Solutions / Nidec ASI) — plus the other European integrators I could actually verify from primary documents: Saft (FR), TESVOLT (DE), sonnen (DE)","country":"Nidec Conversion: France (Roche-la-Molière / La Fouillouse — named in the brochure as the global Centre of Excellence for Energy Storage) with Italian origin (Nidec bought Ansaldo Sistemi Industriali in 2013, per the same brochure). Saft: France (26 quai Charles Pasqua, 92300 Levallois-Perret — printed on the datasheet). TESVOLT: Germany (Am Heideberg 31, 06886 Lutherstadt Wittenberg — printed on the datasheets). sonnen: Germany (document obtained is the UK-market edition and carries no address).","model":"TESVOLT TS-I HV 80 E","segment":"commercial","segment_raw":"commercial & industrial (indoor cabinet with integrated inverter)","chemistry":"Lithium NMC prismatic (Samsung SDI cells)","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":80,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":80,"power_kw_charge":80,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":"The datasheet gives two separate component figures and no system round trip: 'Efficiency (battery) Up to 98%' for the battery, and 'Max. efficiency 97.8%' for the TESVOLT PCS inverter. Neither is stated at defined load or temperature conditions, and I deliberately did NOT multiply them into a system RTE.","cycle_life":6000,"cycle_life_conditions":"'Cycles expected @ 100% DoD | 70% EoL | 23°C +/-5°C 1C/1C: 6000'. The same table also gives 8000 cycles at 0.5C/0.5C under identical 100% DoD / 70% EoL / 23°C ±5°C conditions — so the gentler the rate, the longer the life. Both are 'expected', not guaranteed.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.tesvolt.com/_media/05%20SERVICE/03%20Downloads/E-Serie/TS-I_HV_80__100_E/Datenblatt/RD.TI.075.E.en-US_3.pdf","source_title":"TECHNICAL DATA SHEET TS-I HV E SERIES — TS-I HV 80 E | TS-I HV 100 E (rev. RD.TI.075.E.en-US_v.C.02)","source_date":null,"source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"DATE: the document prints a revision code ('RD.TI.075.E.en-US_v.C.02') but no publication date; the PDF file metadata says created 2023-05-15, which is file metadata, not a printed date, so source_date is null. ENERGY: printed as 'Energy content 80 kWh (at 100% DoD)' — hence dod_fraction 1.0. No separate usable-energy figure and no BMS working window are given, so usable is null; do not silently equate 80 kWh with usable throughput. WARRANTY: 'Guarantee: 10-year performance guarantee, 5-year system guarantee' — I recorded the 10-year performance guarantee; there is a shorter 5-year system guarantee, and NO MWh throughput figure is stated. POWER: the TESVOLT PCS table gives 'Rated active power 80 kW/85 kW*' per independent power unit, asterisked '* Maximum power limit of inverter' — so 80 kW is the rated continuous active power for one IPU and 85 kW is the inverter ceiling; charge and discharge are not differentiated. The system is modular: the configuration table runs from 1 unit / 80 kWh / 80 kW up to 32 units / 2560 kWh / 1360 kW (16 IPUs, 4 PCS). Type designation TS HV 90/10-20; nominal 810 V DC, max C-rate 1C, max charge/discharge current 100 A.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"nidec-conversion--sonnenbatterie-10-variant-10-22-siblings-10-5-an","maker":"Nidec Conversion","maker_full":"Nidec Conversion (Nidec Industrial Solutions / Nidec ASI) — plus the other European integrators I could actually verify from primary documents: Saft (FR), TESVOLT (DE), sonnen (DE)","country":"Nidec Conversion: France (Roche-la-Molière / La Fouillouse — named in the brochure as the global Centre of Excellence for Energy Storage) with Italian origin (Nidec bought Ansaldo Sistemi Industriali in 2013, per the same brochure). Saft: France (26 quai Charles Pasqua, 92300 Levallois-Perret — printed on the datasheet). TESVOLT: Germany (Am Heideberg 31, 06886 Lutherstadt Wittenberg — printed on the datasheets). sonnen: Germany (document obtained is the UK-market edition and carries no address).","model":"sonnenBatterie 10 — variant 10/22 (siblings 10/5 and 10/11 documented in the same sheet)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate)","energy_kwh_usable":20,"energy_kwh_nominal":22,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":4.6,"power_kw_charge":4.6,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":"The sheet gives two separate maxima and no system round trip: 'Max. inverter efficiency 95 %' and 'Max. battery efficiency 96,8 %'. Both are maxima, not rated or weighted values, and no load point or temperature is stated. I did not multiply them.","cycle_life":10000,"cycle_life_conditions":"Printed simply as 'Cycles 10,000' with footnote 3 'Please be aware that terms and conditions apply'. NO depth of discharge, NO end-of-life capacity threshold, NO temperature and NO C-rate are given for this figure — it is the least-qualified cycle number in this whole catalogue and should carry the lowest confidence.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://media.sonnengroup.com/dd373a24-6f4c-498b-b1a7-f222bebef369-en","source_title":"Data sheet sonnenBatterie 10 (sonnenBatterie 10/5, 10/11, 10/22) — UK edition, sonnenbatterie.co.uk","source_date":null,"source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"DATE: no date or revision code printed anywhere on the sheet; the PDF file metadata says created 2021-11-09, which is file metadata, not a publication date, so source_date is null. This is the best-documented energy figure in the set: the sheet gives BOTH 'Nominal battery capacity in kWh 22' AND 'Usable battery capacity in kWh 20' as separate printed rows, so no multiplication was needed — but an explicit DoD fraction is still not stated, hence null. POWER: 'Nominal power (charging/discharging) in kW 4.6' shared by the 10/11 and 10/22 variants, with footnote 1 'G98: Maximum charge and discharge power of 3.68 kW' — under a UK G98 connection the usable power is 3.68 kW, not 4.6 kW. Single-phase, 230 V, 50 Hz only, which caps arbitrage throughput. Siblings from the same table: 10/5 = 5.5 kWh nominal / 5 kWh usable / 3.4 kW; 10/11 = 11 kWh nominal / 10 kWh usable / 4.6 kW. 'Battery service life: designed for 20 years'; 'Warranty 10 years' (footnote: terms and conditions apply) with NO MWh throughput figure. Ambient -5 to 45 °C, optimal 5 to 30 °C, with reduced power outside that band — a real constraint for unheated rural installations. The sheet states its values are 'valid for sonnenBatterie 10 with sonnenModule 4 only' and explicitly disclaims warranting accuracy or completeness.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"pylontech--force-h3x-hybrid-three-phase-fh3x-10k-hy-3p-with","maker":"Pylontech","maker_full":"Pylontech (Pylon Technologies Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China)","country":"China","model":"Force H3X Hybrid three-phase FH3X-10K-HY-3P with 4 × FH10050 (20.48 kWh)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP — battery module is the FH10050, documented as Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) in the Force-H3 datasheet","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":20.48,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":10,"power_kw_charge":15,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":8000,"cycle_life_conditions":"Cover claim only: \"8000+ Life cycles\". No DoD, temperature or C-rate is stated anywhere on this sheet — this is a marketing-page figure, not a qualified table entry. The same FH10050 module is specified at 8,000 cycles in the Force-H3 datasheet.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://en.pylontech.com.cn/profile/upload/2026/06/23/EN-SD-260507-Force%20H3X-Spec-Pylontech_1782194855874.pdf","source_title":"Pylontech \"Force H3X\" all-in-one hybrid ESS spec sheet, doc EN-SD-260507","source_date":"Doc code EN-SD-260507 (2026-05-07); PDF creation date 2026-05-18","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"This is an all-in-one battery + hybrid inverter, so unlike the other rows the power figures are AC/PCS-limited and explicitly printed in kW: for FH3X-10K-HY-3P, \"Maximum Charging Power with 3-7 Batteries (kW) 15\" and \"Maximum Discharging Power With 3-7 Batteries (kW) 10\" (with 2 batteries: 10 kW charge / 10 kW discharge). System nominal power 10 kW; max continuous battery-side current 50 A. Other three-phase models on the same sheet: 8K, 12K, 15K (discharge 8 / 12 / 15 kW, charge 15 kW with 3–7 batteries). Single-phase models FH3X-3.6K/5K/6K/8K-HY-1P take 1–4 modules (5.12–20.48 kWh), 40 A battery-side, 8 kW charge / 3.6–8 kW discharge with 2–4 batteries. NO usable energy, no DoD and no battery round-trip efficiency are printed on this sheet — for the same 4 × FH10050 stack the Force-H3 spec sheet gives 19.48 kWh usable at 95% DoD, but that is a different document and I did not carry the number into this row. DO NOT MISTAKE THE INVERTER EFFICIENCY FOR ROUND-TRIP EFFICIENCY: the sheet's \"Maximum Efficiency 98%\" and \"European Efficiency 97.5%\" are PCS conversion efficiencies, and the cover's \"1C / 97% Rate Efficiency\" graphic is unqualified marketing text — none of these is a battery round-trip figure, so round_trip_efficiency is null. WARRANTY: covered by the Force H series warranty V1.2 (10 years, Minimum Capacity 60% of Nominal Energy) via the FH10050 module; the H3X sheet itself states no warranty term.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"pylontech--force-h2-4-module-configuration-384-v-system-4-f","maker":"Pylontech","maker_full":"Pylontech (Pylon Technologies Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China)","country":"China","model":"Force-H2, 4-module configuration (384 V system, 4 × FH9637M)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP — the Force-H2-V2 manual states \"Li-ion (LFP)\" / \"lithium iron phosphate\"","energy_kwh_usable":13.5,"energy_kwh_nominal":14.21,"dod_fraction":0.95,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.96,"efficiency_conditions":"Printed only as \"Efficiency (%) 96\" in the Force-H2-V2 operation manual — no C-rate, temperature or SoC window is given (unlike Force-L2 and Force-H3, which qualify the same 96% figure with a 0.5C rate)","cycle_life":8000,"cycle_life_conditions":"\"Cycle life (@25℃) >8,000\" on the 2024 portfolio sheet. Depth of Discharge 95% is a separate row and is not tied to the cycle count. CONFLICT: the Force-H2-V2 operation manual's module table states \"Operation Cycle Life 5,000\" — see gaps.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://en.pylontech.com.cn/profile/upload/2024/09/26/Force-H2_20240926105607A024.pdf","source_title":"Pylontech \"Force-H2\" high-voltage stackable battery spec page, from Pylontech Residential ESS Product Portfolio, doc PY240709EN-SD","source_date":"2024-07-09 (doc code PY240709EN-SD; PDF creation date 2024-07-10)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"CONFIGURATION LADDER from the same table (module FH9637M, 3.55 kWh, 96 VDC each): 2 modules = 7.1 kWh nominal / 6.75 kWh usable / 192 V, 3 = 10.65 / 10.12 / 288 V, 4 = 14.21 / 13.5 / 384 V, 5 = 17.76 / 16.78 / 480 V. I report the 4-module row; usable energy here IS explicitly printed by Pylontech as a \"Usable Capacity (kWh)\" row, so it is not a value I derived. POWER: current only — Charge/Discharge Normal 18.5 A, Max 42 A @15 s; no kW rating is printed, and I did not multiply 18.5 A by the system voltage. EFFICIENCY and chemistry come from a second Pylontech document, RESS-Installation Manual--Force-H2-V2 5PMPA08-00134 V1.1 EU (https://en.pylontech.com.cn/profile/upload/2024/09/25/RESS-Installation%20Manual--Force-H2-V2%205PMPA08-00134%20(V1.1)%20EU_20240925122333A033.pdf), which matches the portfolio sheet on 95% DoD and 18.5 A / 42 A but states module \"Operation Cycle Life 5,000\" against the portfolio sheet's >8,000 — Pylontech's own documents disagree, so treat 5,000–8,000 as the honest range. WARRANTY: \"Consumer Warranty – Force-H1 / Force-H2 / Force-H1-V2 / Force-H2-V2 / Force-H3\" V1.2 EU24WFHS100527 (https://en.pylontech.com.cn/profile/upload/2024/11/01/Pylontech%20product%20warranty-Force%20H%20serie%20V1.2%20EU24WFHS100527_20241101092413A173.pdf): ten (10) years, Minimum Capacity at least 60% of Nominal Energy. No MWh throughput.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"pylontech--force-h3-4-module-configuration-409-6-v-50-ah-4-","maker":"Pylontech","maker_full":"Pylontech (Pylon Technologies Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China)","country":"China","model":"Force-H3, 4-module configuration (409.6 V / 50 Ah, 4 × FH10050)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP — \"Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP)\" on the datasheet cover; \"Cell Technology Li-ion (LFP)\"","energy_kwh_usable":19.48,"energy_kwh_nominal":20.48,"dod_fraction":0.95,"power_kw_discharge":20.48,"power_kw_charge":20.48,"round_trip_efficiency":0.96,"efficiency_conditions":"\"Efficiency (% at 0.5C-rate) 96\" — quoted at a 0.5C rate; no temperature or SoC window given","cycle_life":8000,"cycle_life_conditions":"Module FH10050 row \"Operation Cycle Life (cycle)* 8,000\", footnote: \"Operation Cycle Life is defined based on specific operation conditions, for more details please check with Pylontech service team.\" The spec sheet separately prints \"Cycle life (@25℃) >8,000\" with Depth of Discharge 95% as its own row; neither document ties the cycle count to a DoD.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://en.pylontech.com.cn/profile/upload/2026/06/23/EN-SD-250519-Force%20H3-Spec-Pylontech_1782186356423.pdf","source_title":"Pylontech \"Force-H3\" high-voltage stackable battery spec sheet, doc EN-SD-250519","source_date":"Doc code EN-SD-250519 (2025-05-19); PDF creation date 2025-11-26, last modified 2026-01-30","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"TWO PYLONTECH DOCUMENTS, AND THEY CONFLICT — read this before using the numbers. (a) The spec sheet cited above gives, for 2–7 modules: nominal 10.24 / 15.36 / 20.48 / 25.6 / 30.72 / 35.84 kWh and an explicit \"Usable Capacity (kWh)\" row of 9.69 / 14.73 / 19.48 / 24.32 / 29.17 / 34.01 kWh, at Depth of Discharge 95%, with Charge/Discharge Normal 50 A and Max 55 A @15 min. I report its 4-module row (20.48 nominal / 19.48 usable). (b) The detailed \"Force-H3 Datasheet, Information Version 0.2\" (https://en.pylontech.com.cn/profile/upload_au/2025/10/14/Datasheet%20V.02_20251014183118A302.pdf, Pylontech AU download centre, 2025-10-14) is where the 96% @0.5C efficiency and the \"Rated DC power (kW)\" row (5.12 / 10.24 / 15.36 / 20.48 / 25.6 / 30.72 / 35.84 kW for 1–7 modules — a 1C rating, charge and discharge not distinguished) come from. BUT that same document prints \"Depth of Discharge (%) 100\" and a \"Usable Energy of the Battery System (kWh)\" row equal to the nominal energy, while three rows lower it states \"Usable battery capacity (Ah) 47.5\" out of a 50 Ah module = 95%. Two of Pylontech's three statements agree on 95%, so I used 95% / 19.48 kWh and flag the 100% / 20.48 kWh figures as an apparent error in the V0.2 datasheet — do not let the app compute revenue from 100% DoD. Multi-string (up to 6 strings) raises the rated operating current to 80–240 A but is limited by the P-Combiner used (50 A continuous for P-Combiner 3-V2, 100 A for 6-V2). WARRANTY: the Force H series warranty V1.2 EU explicitly names Force-H3 and modules FH48074 / FH9637M / FH10050 — ten (10) years, Minimum Capacity at least 60% of Nominal Energy, no MWh throughput.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"pylontech--force-l2-4-module-configuration-48-v-296-ah-4-fl","maker":"Pylontech","maker_full":"Pylontech (Pylon Technologies Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China)","country":"China","model":"Force-L2, 4-module configuration (48 V / 296 Ah, 4 × FL4874M)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP — \"Cell Technology: Li-ion (LFP)\"","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":14.2,"dod_fraction":0.95,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.96,"efficiency_conditions":"\"Efficiency (%, ≤0.5C-rate) 96\" — quoted at a C-rate of 0.5 or below; no temperature or state-of-charge window given","cycle_life":8000,"cycle_life_conditions":"Module-level row \"Operation Cycle Life (cycle)* 8,000\" for the FL4874M module, with the footnote \"Operation Cycle Life is defined based on specific operation conditions, for more details please check with Pylontech service team.\" Depth of Discharge 95% is a separate system-level row; the DoD for the cycle count is not stated.","warranty_years":7,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://en.pylontech.com.cn/profile/upload/2024/09/25/RESS-Installation%20Manual-Force-L2%205PMPA08-00217_%20V2.4_20240925122549A037.pdf","source_title":"Pylontech \"Lithium-Ion Phosphate Energy Storage System Force-L2 Operation Manual\", doc 5PMPA08-00217, Information Version 2.4","source_date":"Information Version 2.4; file dated 2024-09-25 in Pylontech's download centre (no printed publication date on the cover)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"USABLE ENERGY IS NOT STATED for Force-L2 in any Pylontech document I opened — the manual and the portfolio sheet give nominal system capacity and a separate 95% DoD row, so I report both and did not multiply them. CONFIGURATION LADDER (all from the same table): 2 modules = 7.10 kWh / 148 Ah, 3 = 10.65 kWh / 222 Ah, 4 = 14.20 kWh / 296 Ah, all at 48 VDC; I report the 4-module row. POWER: current only — Charge/Discharge Normal 75 A (2 modules) or 100 A (3 and 4 modules), Max 110 A @15 s, Standard 30/45/60 A. No kW figure is printed, so power_kw is null. The 2024 portfolio sheet (https://en.pylontech.com.cn/profile/upload/2024/09/26/Force%20L2_20240926105548A022.pdf) gives the same capacities, 95% DoD and \">8,000\" cycle life but carries no efficiency row. WARRANTY: \"Consumer Warranty – Force-L1/L2 ESS Battery System\" V1.0 EU20WL7051 (https://en.pylontech.com.cn/profile/upload/2024/11/01/Pylontech%20product%20warranty-Force-L1L2%20%20V1.0%20EU20WL7051%20Europe_20241101092656A176.pdf): seven (7) years, extendable to 10 free on registration, Minimum Capacity at least 65% of Nominal Energy. No MWh throughput. CAUTION: a reseller page states 90% DoD for the FL4874M — Pylontech's own manual says 95%; I used Pylontech's figure.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"pylontech--powercube-x1-h1-h48050-module-2-4-kwh-system-2-4","maker":"Pylontech","maker_full":"Pylontech (Pylon Technologies Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China)","country":"China","model":"Powercube-X1 / H1 (H48050 module, 2.4 kWh; system = 2.4 kWh × n modules)","segment":"commercial","segment_raw":"commercial","chemistry":"LFP — the PowerCube-X1/X2 operation manual states \"lithium iron phosphate\" / LFP; the portfolio spec page does not print the chemistry","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":2.4,"dod_fraction":0.95,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.96,"efficiency_conditions":"Printed only as \"Efficiency 96%\" — no C-rate, temperature or SoC window is given on either the spec page or the operation manual","cycle_life":7000,"cycle_life_conditions":"\"Cycle Life (@25℃) >7,000\" on the 2024 portfolio spec page, with Depth of Discharge 95% as a separate row and no DoD attached to the cycle count. CONFLICT: the PowerCube-X1/X2 EU operation manual V2.4 states \"Operation Cycle Life 5,000\" and \"Depth of Discharge 90%\" — see gaps.","warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://en.pylontech.com.cn/profile/upload/2024/09/26/Powercube%20X1H1_20240926105821A036.pdf","source_title":"Pylontech \"Powercube X1/H1\" high-voltage rack-mounted battery spec page, from Pylontech Residential ESS Product Portfolio, doc PY240709EN-SD","source_date":"2024-07-09 (doc code PY240709EN-SD; PDF creation date 2024-07-10)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"ENERGY IS PER MODULE, NOT PER SYSTEM: the sheet states \"Battery System Capacity (kWh) 2.4*n\" with module H48050 = 2.4 kWh; X1 takes 2–10 modules (→ 4.8–24 kWh) and H1 takes 5–18 modules (→ 12–43.2 kWh). The energy_kwh_nominal field above is the 2.4 kWh module — the app must multiply by the installed module count, and Pylontech prints no fixed system size. No usable-energy row exists; nominal and 95% DoD are given separately and I did not multiply them. POWER: current only — module string Charge/Discharge Normal 25 A, Max 50 A @15 s; controller max charge/discharge current 40 A or 100 A (X1, controller SC0500-40S/100S, 60–600 V working range) and 100 A (H1, controller SC1000-100S, 200–1000 V). No kW rating is printed. PYLONTECH'S OWN DOCUMENTS DISAGREE: the PowerCube-X1X2 EU Operation Manual V2.4, doc EU20PIXV0501 (https://en.pylontech.com.cn/profile/upload/2024/09/25/AS0MSC100H02%20PowerCube-X1X2%20EU%20Operation%20Manual%20(V2.4)-EU20PIXV0501_20240925114929A022.pdf) states Depth of Discharge 90% and Operation Cycle Life 5,000 against the 2024 spec page's 95% and >7,000 — treat 90–95% DoD and 5,000–7,000 cycles as the honest ranges. Operation life is stated as 10+ years on the spec page and 15+ in the manual. WARRANTY: null — the \"Pylontech product warranty Powercube X+H series\" documents are listed in Pylontech's download centre but both the EU and Standard files return HTTP 404 from the server (I tried four URL encodings and both regional mirrors), so I have no warranty term I actually read for this product.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"pylontech--powercube-x2-h2-h48074-module-3-55-kwh-system-3-","maker":"Pylontech","maker_full":"Pylontech (Pylon Technologies Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China)","country":"China","model":"Powercube-X2 / H2 (H48074 module, 3.55 kWh; system = 3.55 kWh × n modules)","segment":"commercial","segment_raw":"commercial","chemistry":"LFP — the PowerCube-X1/X2 operation manual states \"lithium iron phosphate\" / LFP; the portfolio spec page does not print the chemistry","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":3.55,"dod_fraction":0.95,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.96,"efficiency_conditions":"Printed only as \"Efficiency 96%\" — no C-rate, temperature or SoC window given","cycle_life":7000,"cycle_life_conditions":"\"Cycle Life (@25℃) >7,000\" on the 2024 portfolio spec page, with Depth of Discharge 95% as a separate row and no DoD attached to the cycle count. CONFLICT: the PowerCube-X1/X2 EU operation manual V2.4 states \"Operation Cycle Life 5,000\" and \"Depth of Discharge 90%\" — see gaps.","warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://en.pylontech.com.cn/profile/upload/2024/09/26/Powercube%20X2H2_20240926105828A037.pdf","source_title":"Pylontech \"Powercube X2/H2\" high-voltage rack-mounted battery spec page, from Pylontech Residential ESS Product Portfolio, doc PY240709EN-SD","source_date":"2024-07-09 (doc code PY240709EN-SD; PDF creation date 2024-07-10)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"ENERGY IS PER MODULE, NOT PER SYSTEM: \"Battery System Capacity (kWh) 3.55*n\", module H48074 = 3.55 kWh; X2 takes 2–10 modules (→ 7.1–35.5 kWh, rack 600×505×1380 mm for 7 modules + BMS), H2 takes 5–18 modules (→ 17.75–63.9 kWh, rack 600×505×2130 mm for 12 modules + BMS). The app must multiply by the installed module count. No usable-energy row; nominal and 95% DoD are separate and I did not multiply them. POWER: current only — Charge/Discharge Normal 37 A, Max 74 A @15 s; controller max charge/discharge 40/100 A, controller working voltage 60–600 V (X2, SC0500-40S/100S) or 200–1000 V (H2, SC1000-100S). No kW rating printed. Same document conflict as Powercube-X1/H1: the PowerCube-X1X2 EU Operation Manual V2.4 (https://en.pylontech.com.cn/profile/upload/2024/09/25/AS0MSC100H02%20PowerCube-X1X2%20EU%20Operation%20Manual%20(V2.4)-EU20PIXV0501_20240925114929A022.pdf) gives 90% DoD and 5,000 cycles against the spec page's 95% and >7,000. WARRANTY: null for the same reason as X1/H1 — the Powercube X+H warranty PDFs are listed but 404 on Pylontech's server. NOTE: do not confuse this \"Powercube-H2\" (high-voltage rack, H48074 module) with the residential stackable \"Force-H2\" (FH9637M module) — different products with similar names.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"pylontech--up5000-48-v-100-ah-rack-module","maker":"Pylontech","maker_full":"Pylontech (Pylon Technologies Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China)","country":"China","model":"UP5000 (48 V / 100 Ah rack module)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4) — Pylontech UP5000 installation manual states \"lithium iron phosphate\" / \"LiFePO4\"; the spec sheet does not print the chemistry","energy_kwh_usable":4.56,"energy_kwh_nominal":4.8,"dod_fraction":0.95,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":6000,"cycle_life_conditions":"\"Cycle life (@25℃) >6,000\". The sheet lists Depth of Discharge 95% as a separate row and does not state the DoD the cycle count is measured at. Design life is given separately as \"10+year (@25℃)\".","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://en.pylontech.com.cn/profile/upload/2024/09/26/UP%205000_20240926105847A039.pdf","source_title":"Pylontech \"UP 5000\" Residential ESS spec sheet, doc PY240923EN-SD","source_date":"2024-09-23 (doc code PY240923EN-SD printed in the footer; PDF creation date 2024-09-23)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"No kW rating and no round-trip efficiency in the sheet — current only: Normal 50 A charge/discharge, Max 74–89 A @69 s, Peak 90–200 A @15 s, at 48 VDC nominal. I did not multiply these into a kW figure. Note the UP5000 is deliberately a lower-power, lower-cycle-life sibling of the US5000 despite identical 4.8 kWh / 4.56 kWh energy: 50 A vs 100 A normal current, >6,000 vs >8,000 cycles, 10+ vs 15+ year design life. Corroboration: RESS-Installation Manual--UP5000 5PMPA08-00201 V1.0 (https://en.pylontech.com.cn/profile/upload/2024/09/25/RESS-Installation%20Manual--UP5000%205PMPA08-00201_V1.0_20240925123152A049.pdf) — same 4800 Wh / 4560 Wh / 95% DoD / >6,000 cycles @25℃, and it names the chemistry. WARRANTY: \"Pylontech product warranty – UP5000 ESS Battery System\" V1.2 SD24UP5100402 (https://en.pylontech.com.cn/profile/upload/2024/11/01/Pylontech%20product%20warranty-UP5000%20V1.2%20SD24UP5100402%20SD_20241101150125A199.pdf): ten (10) years, Minimum Capacity at least 60% of Nominal Energy during the warranty period. No MWh throughput stated.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"pylontech--us2000c-48-v-50-ah-rack-module","maker":"Pylontech","maker_full":"Pylontech (Pylon Technologies Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China)","country":"China","model":"US2000C (48 V / 50 Ah rack module)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4) — installation manual states \"lithium iron phosphate\" / \"LiFePO4\"","energy_kwh_usable":2.28,"energy_kwh_nominal":2.4,"dod_fraction":0.95,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":8000,"cycle_life_conditions":"\"Cycle Life (@25℃) >8,000\" in the US Series portfolio sheet; the US2000C manual prints \">8,000 25℃\" with the footnote that cycle life is defined on specific operation conditions and to check with Pylontech service. The sheets list Depth of Discharge 95% as a separate row — neither document states the DoD at which the 8,000 cycles is measured.","warranty_years":7,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://en.pylontech.com.cn/profile/upload/2024/09/26/US%20Series_20240926105858A040.pdf","source_title":"Pylontech \"US Series\" datasheet page (US2000C / US3000C / US5000), from Pylontech Residential ESS Product Portfolio, doc PY240709EN-SD","source_date":"2024-07-09 (doc code PY240709EN-SD; PDF creation date 2024-07-10)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"No power rating in kW and no round-trip efficiency anywhere in Pylontech's US2000C documents — the sheets give current only (Normal 25 A charge/discharge, Max 50–89 A @60 s, Peak 90–200 A @15 s at 48 VDC nominal). I did NOT multiply 48 V × 25 A to produce a kW figure. Corroborating manufacturer document: RESS-Installation Manual-US2000C 5PMPA08-00220 V1.0 (https://en.pylontech.com.cn/profile/upload/2024/09/25/RESS-Installation%20Manual-US2000C-5PMPA08-00220-V1.0_20240925123746A052.pdf) — same 2400 Wh nominal / 2280 Wh usable / 95% DoD / 25 A recommended / >8,000 cycles @25℃, and it is the document that names the chemistry. WARRANTY: from \"Pylontech product warranty – US Series ESS Battery System\" V1.2 EU22WUSS100302 (https://en.pylontech.com.cn/profile/upload/2024/11/01/Pylontech%20product%20warranty-US%20serie%20V1.2%20EU22WUSS100302%20%20Europe_20241101150135A203.pdf): seven (7) years, \"extended to Ten (10) years FOR FREE\" on successful product registration; Minimum Capacity defined as at least 70% of Nominal Energy during the warranty period (60% at end of the extended period). No MWh throughput is stated. OLDER CONFLICTING REVISION: Pylontech datasheet PY21LVUSB-12-1 (Dec 2021, reseller-hosted) gives cycle life >6,000 for the same model — the 2024/2025 Pylontech documents say >8,000.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"pylontech--us3000c-48-v-74-ah-rack-module","maker":"Pylontech","maker_full":"Pylontech (Pylon Technologies Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China)","country":"China","model":"US3000C (48 V / 74 Ah rack module)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4) — the datasheet cover says \"Rechargeable Li-ion Battery\"; the Pylontech US3000C installation manual states \"lithium iron phosphate\" / \"LiFePO4\"","energy_kwh_usable":3.3744,"energy_kwh_nominal":3.552,"dod_fraction":0.95,"power_kw_discharge":1.8,"power_kw_charge":1.8,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":8000,"cycle_life_conditions":"\">8,000 25℃\", with the printed footnote \"Cycle Life is defined based on specific operation conditions, for more details please check with Pylontech\". The same table lists Depth of discharge 95% as a separate row; the document does not say the 8,000 cycles is measured at 95% DoD.","warranty_years":7,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://fortepowertech.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/US3000C-Specs.pdf","source_title":"Pylontech \"Rechargeable Li-ion Battery US3000C Datasheet\", Information Version V1.0 (Pylon Technologies Co., Ltd. footer)","source_date":"PDF creation date 2025-08-05; document carries \"Information Version: V1.0\" and no printed publication date","source_quality":"reseller","gaps":"SOURCE QUALITY: the PDF is Pylontech's own document (Pylontech branding, Shanghai address, service@pylontech.com.cn footer) but I could only find it hosted on a reseller (Forte Power Technologies, AU) — Pylontech's own download centre no longer carries a US3000C spec sheet, only certificates and the manual. Manufacturer-hosted corroboration of the same numbers: the US Series portfolio sheet (https://en.pylontech.com.cn/profile/upload/2024/09/26/US%20Series_20240926105858A040.pdf — 3.55 kWh nominal / 3.37 kWh usable / 95% DoD / 37 A normal / >8,000 cycles) and RESS-Installation Manual-US3000C 5PMPA08-00222 V1.0 (https://en.pylontech.com.cn/profile/upload/2024/09/25/RESS-Installation%20Manual-US3000C%205PMPA08-00222_V1.0_20240925124107A057.pdf — 3374.4 Wh usable, >8,000 cycles @25℃). POWER: \"Rated DC Power (kW) 1.8\" is printed in the datasheet — charge and discharge are not distinguished; recommended charge/discharge current is 37 A, max charge 74 A @60 s, max discharge 89 A @60 s, peak discharge 200 A @15 s. NO round-trip efficiency is given in any Pylontech US3000C document I opened. WARRANTY: US Series warranty V1.2 EU — 7 years, free extension to 10 on registration, Minimum Capacity 70% of Nominal Energy; no MWh throughput.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"pylontech--us5000-us5000-b-48-v-100-ah-rack-module","maker":"Pylontech","maker_full":"Pylontech (Pylon Technologies Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China)","country":"China","model":"US5000 / US5000-B (48 V / 100 Ah rack module)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP — Pylontech's US5000 marketing and manual describe it as lithium iron phosphate; the two spec tables cited here do not print the chemistry word","energy_kwh_usable":4.56,"energy_kwh_nominal":4.8,"dod_fraction":0.95,"power_kw_discharge":4.8,"power_kw_charge":4.8,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":8000,"cycle_life_conditions":"\"Cycle Life (cycle) ** > 8,000 (25°C)\", footnote: \"Cycle Life is defined based on specific operation conditions, for more details please check with Pylontech service team.\" Depth of discharge 95% is a separate row; the DoD at which the cycle count is measured is not stated. CONFLICT: Pylontech's current global-site sheet EN-SD-250424 gives \">6,000\" at 25℃ for the same model (see gaps).","warranty_years":7,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://en.pylontech.com.cn/profile/upload_au/2026/01/08/US5000%20US5000B%20datasheet%2020251222(1)_20260108150608A394.pdf","source_title":"Pylontech US5000 / US5000-B datasheet (file \"US5000 US5000B datasheet 20251222\", PDF title 5PMPA08-20037_US5000 说明书_V1.0_20250704), Pylontech AU download centre","source_date":"2025-12-22 (file name and PDF creation date); underlying doc 5PMPA08-20037 V1.0 dated 2025-07-04","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"POWER: this datasheet prints \"Rated power (W) 4800\" plus \"Recommended Charge/Discharge Current (A) 100\" and \"Maximum continuous Charge/Discharge Current (A) 100\" at 48 VDC nominal, so 4.8 kW is a stated value, not one I computed. Peak: 105–119 A @15 min, 120–200 A @15 s. US5000-B differs from US5000 only by an integrated breaker and weight (40 kg vs 39.7 kg); all electrical values in the table are shared. TWO PYLONTECH DOCUMENTS DISAGREE ON CYCLE LIFE: the current global-site sheet \"US 5000 Spec\", doc EN-SD-250424 (https://en.pylontech.com.cn/profile/upload/2026/06/23/US%205000%20Spec_1782186290116.pdf) states \"Cycle life (@25℃) >6,000\" and \"Design life (@25℃) 15years\", while this AU datasheet and the 2024 US Series portfolio both state >8,000. I report 8,000 from the newest document but the app should treat 6,000–8,000 as the honest range. DATASHEET ERROR TO BE AWARE OF: in EN-SD-250424 the row \"Nominal Voltage (VDC)\" is misprinted as \"8\" (I rendered the page to confirm it is not an extraction artefact); 48 VDC is the correct value and is printed in the AU datasheet and in the US Series portfolio sheet. NO round-trip efficiency in any Pylontech US5000 document I opened. WARRANTY: US Series warranty V1.2 EU — 7 years, free extension to 10 on registration, Minimum Capacity 70% of Nominal Energy; no MWh throughput.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"saft--intensium-flex-i-flex","maker":"Saft","maker_full":"Saft (Saft Groupe SAS, subsidiary of TotalEnergies) — France","country":"France","model":"Intensium® Flex (I-Flex)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale / container (20-ft ISO container BESS, liquid-cooled, DC version; an AC version was announced for 2026)","chemistry":"LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate) — press release: \"Based on Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) cells\"","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://saft.com/en/media-resources/press-release/safts-innovative-intensiumr-flex-high-energy-battery-system-offers","source_title":"Saft's innovative Intensium® Flex high-energy battery system offers total flexibility for energy storage (Saft press release, Munich)","source_date":"07 May 2025 (dateline on the release: \"May 07 2025, Munich\")","source_quality":"manufacturer-page","gaps":"MOSTLY NULL ON PURPOSE — I could not open the datasheet, so I am reporting only the handful of figures Saft states in prose. Energy: the release says the container is \"rated at 3.4, 4.3 or 5.1 MWh\" — THREE distinct build options, and it does not say whether these are nominal or usable, so I left energy null rather than pick one; the app should treat 3.4 / 4.3 / 5.1 MWh as unverified-detail options until the datasheet is obtained. No power rating, no efficiency, no cycle life, no DoD and no warranty appear in any Saft source I could reach. Other stated facts: liquid-cooled, fully integrated, 20-ft standard ISO container, containers parallel into 2-to-8-hour configurations, \"up to 300% daily energy throughput\" (i.e. three full cycles a day — the highest daily throughput Saft claims for any Intensium product, vs 200% for the Shift lineup), designed toward NFPA 855 requirements, assembled in China and the US, DC production from end-2025 with >1 GWh of firm orders, AC version due 2026. WHERE I LOOKED for the datasheet and failed: (1) Saft's own link on https://saft.com/en/intensium-energy-storage-systems points to /en/download_file?q=...&/23003-0626-2_ESS_Intensium_Flex_datasheet.pdf — that endpoint returned HTTP 504 Gateway Timeout on six attempts across both saft.com and www.saft.com, with and without a cookie session and referer; (2) the Saft4U portal entry \"Intensium® Flex datasheet\" (product brochure, edition 31/07/2025) at https://saft4u.saft.com/en/download_file/dbc12064-1c77-4af0-8b1d-203ac96c3137/English returned HTTP 200 with a zero-byte body on three attempts, then timed out; (3) Wayback Machine CDX lookups timed out. The document exists and is numbered 23003-0626-2 — retry the Saft link later rather than sourcing these numbers from a blog.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"saft--intensium-max-20-high-energy-lfp","maker":"Saft","maker_full":"Saft (Saft Groupe SAS, subsidiary of TotalEnergies) — France","country":"France","model":"Intensium® Max 20 High Energy (LFP)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale / container (20-ft ISO container BESS; also marketed for large C&I sites and microgrids)","chemistry":"LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate) — datasheet: \"Built with advanced Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) technology\"","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":2300,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":1100,"power_kw_charge":1100,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://saft4u.saft.com/en/download_file/4136543b-59fc-4870-917e-a32248dd130a/English","source_title":"Intensium® Max 20 High Energy — 2.3 MWh high energy lithium-ion battery storage container (Saft Doc. n° 22133-0522-2)","source_date":"May 2022 (doc n° 22133-0522-2; Saft4U portal lists edition date 02/05/2022)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Energy is stated as \"Rated energy (C/5) 2.3 MWh\", footnoted \"According to IEC 60620\" — i.e. NOMINAL at a 5-hour rate, not usable. No usable-energy figure, no depth-of-discharge, no round-trip efficiency, no cycle life and no warranty (years or MWh throughput) appear anywhere in this datasheet — I grepped the full extracted text for 'usable', 'warrant', 'guarantee', 'cycle life', 'depth of discharge'/'DOD' and found only qualitative safety wording. Power: datasheet gives \"Rated DC power 1.1 MW charge/discharge\" (rated current 900 A) and \"Maximum DC power 2.2 MW charge/discharge\" (max current 1800 A); I report the 1.1 MW RATED figure as continuous. Other stated values: discharge duration range 1–4 hours, voltage range 1040–1400 V, design lifetime ≤ 20 years, weight < 30,500 kg, IP 54, ambient -20/+45 °C. WARNING for the app: 2.3 MWh is quoted at C/5 (5-hour rate); a 1–2 h arbitrage cycle will deliver less, and the datasheet does not quantify that. TRAP: the Saft4U portal mislabels this document in its table as \"Intensium® Max 20 High Energy NMC\", but the PDF itself is the LFP 2.3 MWh version — do not take the portal's title as the chemistry. A second public link to the identical PDF: https://saft4u.saft.com/en/download_file/5af9ce9f-1a1c-486d-b52a-0c55e47fc8e5/English","spot_verified":null},{"id":"saft--intensium-max-20-high-energy-nmc","maker":"Saft","maker_full":"Saft (Saft Groupe SAS, subsidiary of TotalEnergies) — France","country":"France","model":"Intensium® Max 20 High Energy (NMC)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale / container (20-ft container BESS; also listed for large C&I energy management and microgrids)","chemistry":"NMC (datasheet: \"Built with advanced NMC Li-ion technology\")","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":2500,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":1200,"power_kw_charge":1200,"round_trip_efficiency":0.96,"efficiency_conditions":"Stated as \"Cycle efficiency (DC roundtrip, 0.5C) 96%\" — DC-side round trip at a 0.5C rate, at nominal conditions +25 °C. This EXCLUDES the power conversion system and container auxiliaries (HVAC), so it is not an AC round-trip figure and must not be used as one for revenue modelling.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.norwatt.es/classeur/produits/pdf/Intensium%E2%94%AC-Max-20-High-Energy_unlocked.pdf","source_title":"Intensium® Max 20 High Energy — Very high energy lithium-ion container 2.5 MWh (Saft Doc No. 22014-0319-2, Edition March 2019)","source_date":"March 2019 (Edition line on the document: \"Doc No.: 22014-0319-2 / Edition: March 2019\")","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"HOSTING CAVEAT — read before trusting the URL: the PDF is the authentic Saft datasheet (carries Saft doc number 22014-0319-2, Saft Levallois-Perret address and Saft copyright), but the only copy I could actually open is mirrored on a reseller domain (norwatt.es). Saft's own former product URL now 301-redirects to the saft.com homepage, and Saft's direct PDF link for this family returns the homepage HTML instead of a PDF. Treat the hosting as reseller-grade even though the document is manufacturer-grade. Energy 2.5 MWh is \"Rated energy (C/5)\" footnoted \"According to IEC 60620\" — NOMINAL, not usable; identical 2.5 MWh for both the 1000 V and 1500 V classes. Power reported is \"Charge and discharge power (DC) at rated continuous current (at 50% SOC) 1.2 MW\" (rated continuous current 1575 A at 1000 V / 1050 A at 1500 V); the datasheet also gives a maximum 2.0 MW at maximum current (2500 A / 1680 A) whose \"maximum duration is application dependent\". No usable energy, no DoD, no cycle life and no warranty stated. Other stated values: discharge time at nominal power 2 h, design life 20 years, self-discharge < 6 %/month, operating -25 to +55 °C, weight < 30 t, IP 54. This is the older NMC sibling of the 2.3 MWh LFP unit; Saft's current catalogue has moved to LFP.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"saft--intensium-max-20p","maker":"Saft","maker_full":"Saft (Saft Groupe SAS, subsidiary of TotalEnergies) — France","country":"France","model":"Intensium® Max+ 20P","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale / container (20-ft high-POWER container for frequency regulation, spinning reserve, voltage regulation, black start, ramp control, microgrid diesel bridging) — legacy generation, superseded by the Shift/Flex families","chemistry":"NMC/NCA (datasheet: \"Latest generation NMC/NCA Li-ion technology\")","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":780,"dod_fraction":0.8,"power_kw_discharge":2500,"power_kw_charge":2600,"round_trip_efficiency":0.96,"efficiency_conditions":"Stated as \"Cycle efficiency (DC roundtrip, 1C) 96%\" at nominal conditions +25 °C / +77 °F — DC-side, at a 1C rate, excluding PCS and container auxiliaries. Identical 96% for both the 1-output and 2-output configurations.","cycle_life":6000,"cycle_life_conditions":"Stated verbatim as \"Cycle life at 25°C / +77°F, 1C/1C, 80% DOD (*) 6000\", with the footnote \"(*) 20% capacity loss\" — i.e. 6000 cycles at 1C charge / 1C discharge, 80% depth of discharge, 25 °C, to end-of-life defined as 20% capacity fade. The same datasheet separately claims \"20 years design life with 60 daily cycles at 10% depth of discharge\" and \"Calendar life at 25°C > 25 years\". These are three different duty definitions — do not mix them.","warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://cdn.enfsolar.com/z/pp/ek1afd19fq/5a41f595e14f8.pdf","source_title":"Intensium® Max+ 20P — High power lithium-ion container 2.5 MW / 2.8 MW (Saft Doc No. 21975-0317-2, Edition March 2017)","source_date":"March 2017 (Edition line on the document: \"Doc No.: 21975-0317-2 / Edition: March 2017\")","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"HOSTING CAVEAT: the PDF is the authentic Saft datasheet (Saft doc number 21975-0317-2, Saft Transportation/Telecom & Grid division footer), but the copy I opened is served from the ENF Solar directory CDN, not from saft.com — Saft's own copy is behind the Saft4U portal. Manufacturer-authored document, third-party hosting. THIS IS THE ONLY SAFT ESS DATASHEET I FOUND THAT PUBLISHES A CYCLE LIFE — every current-generation Saft container datasheet omits it. Note this is a POWER container, not an energy container: 780 kWh at 2.5 MW gives a discharge time at nominal power of just 0.3 h, so it is poorly suited to day-ahead price arbitrage and is included here for completeness of the range and because it is the only source of Saft cycle-life data. Two published configurations: 1 power output — 780 kWh rated energy (C/5), 1021 Ah, 2500 kW continuous discharge / 2600 kW continuous charge, max continuous current 3380 A both ways, discharge time 0.3 h, 19.5 t; 2 power outputs — 700 kWh, 908 Ah, 2800 kW discharge / 2900 kW charge, max 3760 A discharge / 3610 A recharge, discharge time 0.25 h, 19 t. Both at 771 V nominal (630-867 V range). I report the 1-output configuration. Charge and discharge power genuinely DIFFER here (2600 vs 2500 kW) — that asymmetry is real and is in the fields. No usable energy and no numeric warranty stated. Self-discharge < 5%/month, operating -20 to +55 °C.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"saft--intensium-shift-i-shift","maker":"Saft","maker_full":"Saft (Saft Groupe SAS, subsidiary of TotalEnergies) — France","country":"France","model":"Intensium® Shift (I-Shift)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale / container (20-ft container BESS, 5th generation, for 2–8 h energy shifting; renewables integration, peaking, T&D support)","chemistry":"LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate) — datasheet: \"Built with Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) cells\"","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":3000,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":1500,"power_kw_charge":1500,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://saft4u.saft.com/en/download_file/81fe90c7-2ed4-4233-bde7-818faef569ea/English","source_title":"Intensium® Shift — 3.0 MWh high energy lithium-ion battery storage container (Saft Doc. n° 23001-1122-2)","source_date":"November 2022 (doc n° 23001-1122-2; Saft4U portal lists edition date 14/02/2025)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Energy: \"Rated energy (C/5) 3.0 MWh\", footnoted \"at 20°C, C/5, according to IEC 62620\" — NOMINAL at a 5-hour rate. No usable energy, no depth of discharge, NO round-trip efficiency, no cycle life, no warranty anywhere in this datasheet (verified by grep over the full extracted text). POWER CAVEAT — the number I report is labelled \"Maximum DC power charge/discharge\", not continuous: the datasheet publishes no continuous power in MW, only currents. The container is sold in two protection schemes off the same 3.0 MWh battery: (a) \"2 hours\" scheme — max DC power 1.5 MW, rated current 1100 A, max current 1370 A, discharge duration 2–4 h; (b) \"4 hours\" scheme — max DC power 0.75 MW, rated current 550 A, max current 690 A, discharge duration 4–8 h. I report the 2-hour scheme. Do NOT derive a continuous power by multiplying rated current by voltage — the datasheet does not publish that product. Other stated values: voltage range 1060–1500 V, design lifetime ≤ 20 years, weight < 30.5 T, IP 64, ambient -30 to +55 °C, UL 9540A compliant. Corroborating Saft document (same 3.0 MWh, LFP, 1060–1500 V, 30.5 t): \"Emergency operational guide for I-SHIFT\", Saft doc 0000140626 Version B, released 06 June 2024, https://saft4u.saft.com/en/download_file/25137c59-2bc2-42e0-aa81-5fe5e2771242/English — for AC-side efficiency use the Intensium Shift lineup entry instead, which is the only Saft document that publishes one.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"saft--intensium-shift-energy-storage-lineup-4-hour-ac-","maker":"Saft","maker_full":"Saft (Saft Groupe SAS, subsidiary of TotalEnergies) — France","country":"France","model":"Intensium® Shift Energy Storage lineup — 4-hour AC lineup","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale / AC block (turnkey AC ESS lineup: Intensium Shift DC containers + qualified PCS + control and protection up to the MV grid connection point)","chemistry":"LFP (lineup is built from Intensium Shift LFP containers)","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":4000,"power_kw_charge":4000,"round_trip_efficiency":0.88,"efficiency_conditions":"Stated as \"AC round trip efficiency 88%\" for the 4-hour lineup, footnoted \"Not including auxiliary consumption\". Auxiliaries are quoted separately as 1200 kWh/day at system level, defined as one full charge/discharge cycle per day over 24 h at 25 °C ambient — so for a P&L the auxiliary energy must be subtracted ON TOP of the 12% loss. The 2-hour lineup is 86%; the 6-hour and 8-hour lineups are also 88%.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://saft4u.saft.com/en/download_file/e60e4aa1-1a8f-4bad-aa4d-f9dddd829f6a/English","source_title":"Intensium® Shift Energy Storage lineup (Saft Doc. n° 23003-2-0826)","source_date":"August 2026 (doc n° 23003-2-0826 — this is the most recent Saft ESS document I retrieved; the Saft4U portal table still lists its edition date as 01/06/2023, so trust the date printed inside the PDF)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"THIS IS THE ONLY SAFT DOCUMENT I FOUND THAT PUBLISHES A ROUND-TRIP EFFICIENCY AND A DEPTH OF DISCHARGE — it is the right source for arbitrage modelling, and it is AC-side (the container datasheets are silent on efficiency). Energy reported as null deliberately: the document gives a RANGE, \"Nominal DC energy per lineup 18-21 MWh\" for the 4-hour lineup (6-7 containers), not a single number, and I will not pick one. Full published table, all four durations — 2 h: 4 MW AC, 3-4 containers, 9-12 MWh, 86% AC RTE, aux 840 kWh/day, max daily throughput 150%, footprint 217-262 m²; 4 h: 4 MW AC, 6-7 containers, 18-21 MWh, 88%, aux 1200 kWh/day, throughput 200%, 350-395 m²; 6 h: 3 MW AC, 7-8 containers, 21-24 MWh, 88%, aux 1200 kWh/day, throughput 200%, 395-440 m²; 8 h: 2.5 MW AC, 8 containers, 24 MWh (single value, not a range), 88%, aux 1200 kWh/day, throughput 200%, 440 m². Depth of discharge \"up to 100%\" for all four. \"Maximum daily throughput\" is defined in the document as cumulated energy discharged in 24 h relative to nominal capacity — 200% means two full cycles a day, which is the hard cap on how many arbitrage spreads a day the app may assume. Power: the document gives ONE figure, \"AC power per lineup @ MV level 4 MW\", not split charge/discharge; I mirrored it into both fields. Other stated values: response time < 150 ms, design lifetime ≤ 20 years, AC voltage at PCS 690 V, MV grid connection up to 36 kV, ambient -25 to +55 °C. NO cycle life and NO numeric warranty: the brochure only says qualitatively \"Extended product warranties and performance guarantees for capacity degradation, roundtrip efficiency and uptime\" with no years and no MWh. Footnote to respect: \"Reference standards used for product design. Product certification ongoing.\"","spot_verified":null},{"id":"saft--intensium-shift-i-shift-2","maker":"Saft","maker_full":"Saft (Saft Groupe SAS, subsidiary of TotalEnergies) — France","country":"France","model":"Intensium® Shift+ (I-Shift+)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale / container (20-ft container BESS, uprated Shift; 2–8 h energy shifting)","chemistry":"LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate) — datasheet: \"Built with Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) cells\"","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":3300,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":1620,"power_kw_charge":1620,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://saft4u.saft.com/en/download_file/f952b960-55f5-4504-9cf1-f199ee075715/English","source_title":"Intensium® Shift+ — 3.3 MWh high energy lithium-ion battery storage container (Saft Doc. n° 23002-0225-2)","source_date":"February 2025 (doc n° 23002-0225-2; Saft4U portal lists edition date 14/02/2025)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Newest documented member of the Shift family and the current flagship 20-ft DC container with a retrievable datasheet. Energy: \"Rated energy (C/5) 3.3 MWh\", footnoted \"at 20°C, C/5, according to IEC 62620\" — NOMINAL at a 5-hour rate. No usable energy, no DoD, NO round-trip efficiency, no cycle life, no warranty stated (verified by grep). POWER CAVEAT — same as Intensium Shift: the figure is \"Maximum DC power charge/discharge\", not a continuous rating. Two protection schemes: (a) \"2 hours\" — max DC power 1.62 MW, rated current 1256 A, max current 1500 A, discharge duration 2–4 h; (b) \"4 hours\" — max DC power 0.81 MW, rated current 628 A, max current 750 A, discharge duration 4–8 h. I report the 2-hour scheme. Other stated values: voltage range 1100–1450 V, design lifetime ≤ 20 years, weight 33.5 T, IP 64, ambient -30 to +55 °C, adds Arc Flash protection over the base Shift, UL 1973:2022 / UL 9540A / IEC 62619 / IEC 62477-1, cybersecurity IEC 62443-4-2.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"samsung-sdi--e3-m088-energy-platform-module","maker":"Samsung SDI","maker_full":"Samsung SDI","country":"South Korea (HQ: 150-20 Gongse-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, per the Global Network page of the Samsung SDI ESS brochures)","model":"E3-M088 (Energy Platform module)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale & commercial — module building block of the E3 racks","chemistry":"not stated in the source (prismatic Li-ion, 100 Ah cell capacity)","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":8.8,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.samsungsdi.com/upload/ess_brochure/201902_Samsung%20SDI%20ESS_EN.pdf","source_title":"Energy Storage System Battery Business — ESS Batteries by Samsung SDI (EN brochure), p.07 \"Energy Platform\" module column","source_date":"Feb. 2019 (printed on the back page; PDF created 2019-02-15)","source_quality":"manufacturer-page","gaps":"Only: 100 Ah cells, energy 8.8 kWh, operating voltage 38.4~49.8 V, 370 x 637 x 160 mm, 61 kg. No power, efficiency, DoD, cycle life or warranty. Predecessor in the Sep. 2018 brochure was E3-M090 (111 Ah cells, 9.0 kWh, 70.4~91.3 V, 53 kg) — a different module, listed there as \"*2019 Mass Production\".","spot_verified":null},{"id":"samsung-sdi--e3-r221-energy-platform-rack","maker":"Samsung SDI","maker_full":"Samsung SDI","country":"South Korea (HQ: 150-20 Gongse-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, per the Global Network page of the Samsung SDI ESS brochures)","model":"E3-R221 (Energy Platform rack)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale & commercial (rack for >2-hour duration; brochure section \"Utility & Commercial ESS\")","chemistry":"not stated in the source — brochure says only prismatic Li-ion cell, 100 Ah cell capacity (Samsung SDI ESS cells of this generation are widely reported as nickel-based, but the document does not say NCA/NMC, so no chemistry is claimed here)","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":221,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.samsungsdi.com/upload/ess_brochure/201902_Samsung%20SDI%20ESS_EN.pdf","source_title":"Energy Storage System Battery Business — ESS Batteries by Samsung SDI (EN brochure), p.07 \"Standard Platform / Energy Platform\"","source_date":"Feb. 2019 (printed on the back page; PDF created 2019-02-15)","source_quality":"manufacturer-page","gaps":"Table gives only: cell capacity 100 Ah, energy 221 kWh, operating voltage 960~1,245 V, dimensions 876 x 711 x 2,289 mm, weight 1,650 kg. The column header says \"Energy\" — it does NOT say nominal or usable, so I recorded it as nominal and left usable null. NO power rating in kW (the platform is only characterised as \"Over 2 hours\"), no efficiency, no DoD, no warranty, no per-model cycle life. The same brochure (p.05) makes a general cell-level claim of \"6,000 Cycles @ continuous 1C/1C, SOH 80%\" with \"(Test Condition at 25°C, 1C/1C, DoD 100%)\" on a graph labelled \"94Ah Cell\" — that is a cell claim for a different cell than the 100 Ah used here and is footnoted \"*Warranty condition could be different depending on the load profile\", so I did NOT attach it to this model. Sister racks in the same table: E3-R168 = 168 kWh (730~946 V), E3-R203 = 203 kWh (883~1,145 V).","spot_verified":null},{"id":"samsung-sdi--e3-r256-1-500-v-high-voltage-platform-rack","maker":"Samsung SDI","maker_full":"Samsung SDI","country":"South Korea (HQ: 150-20 Gongse-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, per the Global Network page of the Samsung SDI ESS brochures)","model":"E3-R256 (1,500 V High Voltage Platform rack)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale (rack for 1,500 V PCS, Energy platform, 2-hour backup)","chemistry":"not stated in the source (prismatic Li-ion, 100 Ah cell capacity)","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":256,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.samsungsdi.com/upload/ess_brochure/201902_Samsung%20SDI%20ESS_EN.pdf","source_title":"Energy Storage System Battery Business — ESS Batteries by Samsung SDI (EN brochure), p.09 \"Special Platform — 1,500 High Voltage Platform\"","source_date":"Feb. 2019 (printed on the back page; PDF created 2019-02-15)","source_quality":"manufacturer-page","gaps":"Table gives: platform = Energy, backup time = 2 hours, cell capacity 100 Ah, energy 256 kWh, operating voltage 1,114~1,444 V, 876 x 711 x 2,750 mm, 1,929 kg. \"Backup Time 2 hours\" is a duration class, not a kW rating — I did not divide energy by hours to invent a power figure. No efficiency, DoD, cycle life or warranty. Same table: M3-R130 = 130 kWh (1 hour), P3-R101 = 101 kWh (30 minutes).","spot_verified":null},{"id":"samsung-sdi--m3-r097-medium-platform-rack","maker":"Samsung SDI","maker_full":"Samsung SDI","country":"South Korea (HQ: 150-20 Gongse-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, per the Global Network page of the Samsung SDI ESS brochures)","model":"M3-R097 (Medium Platform rack)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"commercial / utility-scale (1-hour-class grid service; \"1+hour up to 45 minutes\")","chemistry":"not stated in the source (prismatic Li-ion, 100 Ah cell capacity)","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":97,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.samsungsdi.com/upload/ess_brochure/201902_Samsung%20SDI%20ESS_EN.pdf","source_title":"Energy Storage System Battery Business — ESS Batteries by Samsung SDI (EN brochure), p.07 \"Medium Platform\"","source_date":"Feb. 2019 (printed on the back page; PDF created 2019-02-15)","source_quality":"manufacturer-page","gaps":"Only: 100 Ah cells, 97 kWh, 845~1,096 V, 438 x 711 x 2,289 mm, 742 kg. Module of the same platform is M3-M081 = 8.1 kWh (70.4~91.3 V, 56 kg); sister racks M3-R073 = 73 kWh, M3-R089 = 89 kWh. No power in kW, no efficiency, no DoD, no cycle life, no warranty. The brochure's marketing text claims \"The Highest Lifetime Performance in a Continuous Charge/Discharge for 1 hour\" with no number attached.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"samsung-sdi--p3-r076-power-platform-rack","maker":"Samsung SDI","maker_full":"Samsung SDI","country":"South Korea (HQ: 150-20 Gongse-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, per the Global Network page of the Samsung SDI ESS brochures)","model":"P3-R076 (Power Platform rack)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale — power applications (frequency regulation, railway, ship); \"30 minutes up to 20 minutes\" duration","chemistry":"not stated in the source (prismatic Li-ion, 78 Ah cell capacity)","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":76,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.samsungsdi.com/upload/ess_brochure/201902_Samsung%20SDI%20ESS_EN.pdf","source_title":"Energy Storage System Battery Business — ESS Batteries by Samsung SDI (EN brochure), p.07 \"Power Platform\"","source_date":"Feb. 2019 (printed on the back page; PDF created 2019-02-15)","source_quality":"manufacturer-page","gaps":"Only: 78 Ah cells, 76 kWh, 818~1,082 V, 438 x 711 x 2,289 mm, 734 kg. Module P3-M063 = 6.3 kWh; sister racks P3-R057 = 57 kWh, P3-R070 = 70 kWh. Identical table appears in the Sep. 2018 brochure, so these figures are stable across two editions. No kW rating, efficiency, DoD, cycle life or warranty anywhere in the document. For a price-arbitrage app this is a power-oriented product: 20–30 min duration, generally the wrong platform for day-ahead energy arbitrage.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"samsung-sdi--r1-m048-residential-telecom-48-v-module","maker":"Samsung SDI","maker_full":"Samsung SDI","country":"South Korea (HQ: 150-20 Gongse-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, per the Global Network page of the Samsung SDI ESS brochures)","model":"R1-M048 (Residential & Telecom 48 V module)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential / telecom — battery module + BMS (scalable to 188 kWh with max. 39 modules; fits 19-inch rack)","chemistry":"not stated in the source (described as \"High Energy 94Ah Prismatic Cell\")","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":4.8,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.samsungsdi.com/upload/ess_brochure/201902_Samsung%20SDI%20ESS_EN.pdf","source_title":"Energy Storage System Battery Business — ESS Batteries by Samsung SDI (EN brochure), p.13 \"Residential & Telecom — 48V Solution\"","source_date":"Feb. 2019 (printed on the back page; PDF created 2019-02-15)","source_quality":"manufacturer-page","gaps":"Table states explicitly \"Nominal Energy 4.8 kWh\" (so nominal, not usable), operating voltage 44.8~58.1 V, 446 x 440 x 158 mm, 35 kg, operating temperature -10~50 °C, component = battery module + BMS. Power: the bullet list says only \"Available up to 1C-rate\" — I did NOT convert that into kW. No efficiency, DoD, cycle life or warranty. Identical table in the Sep. 2018 brochure. Its 2016-generation predecessor (module M5194, brochure SamsungSDI_ESS_201609EN.pdf) was documented as \"Energy (Rated/Usable) 4.84 / 4.84 kWh\" and \"Life cycle 5,000 cycles, at 25 °C, EOL 80%\" — different model, quoted here only as context, not as this model's data. This is a module sold to system builders, not a finished home battery: a residential system needs an external inverter/PCS whose losses are not covered by anything Samsung SDI publishes here.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"samsung-sdi--r3-m020-residential-hvs-high-voltage-system-modu","maker":"Samsung SDI","maker_full":"Samsung SDI","country":"South Korea (HQ: 150-20 Gongse-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, per the Global Network page of the Samsung SDI ESS brochures)","model":"R3-M020 (Residential HVS / High Voltage System module)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential — battery module + BMS for high-voltage PCS (scalable 2.0 → 12.0 kWh, max. 6 modules, 100–600 V)","chemistry":"not stated in the source (described as \"Advanced 21700 Cylindrical Cell\")","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":2,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.samsungsdi.com/upload/ess_brochure/201902_Samsung%20SDI%20ESS_EN.pdf","source_title":"Energy Storage System Battery Business — ESS Batteries by Samsung SDI (EN brochure), p.13 \"Residential & Telecom — HVS Solution (High Voltage System)\"","source_date":"Feb. 2019 (printed on the back page; PDF created 2019-02-15)","source_quality":"manufacturer-page","gaps":"Table states \"Nominal Energy 2.0 kWh\", operating voltage 88.2~112.5 V, 191 x 433 x 172 mm, 17.5 kg, operating temperature 0~60 °C. Marketing bullet claims \"High Conversion Efficiency (DC to AC)\" with NO number — do not read any efficiency into it. No power, DoD, cycle life or warranty. Its 2016-generation predecessor M10023 was documented as \"Energy (Rated/Usable) 2.3 / 2.0 kWh\" and \"Life cycle 4,000 cycles, at 25 °C, EOL 80%\" (SamsungSDI_ESS_201609EN.pdf) — different model, context only.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"samsung-sdi--sbb-1-0-samsung-battery-box-1-0","maker":"Samsung SDI","maker_full":"Samsung SDI","country":"South Korea (HQ: 150-20 Gongse-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, per the Global Network page of the Samsung SDI ESS brochures)","model":"SBB 1.0 (SAMSUNG Battery Box 1.0)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale / container (20-ft all-in-one DC enclosure, 6058 x 2438 x 2896 mm, 32 t)","chemistry":"NCA (document states cell type \"NCA 145Ah\"; configuration 2P360S * 10P)","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":3841,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":1920,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.samsungsdi.com/upload/download/business/SAMSUNG%20SDI_ESS%20Product%20Information_JP&EN.pdf","source_title":"SAMSUNG SDI — ESS Product Information (JP&EN): \"SBB 1.0 / 1.5 (Samsung Battery Box) — 3.84 / 5.26MWh DC Enclosure\"","source_date":"2025-09-16 (PDF file creation date in the document metadata)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Same table as SBB 1.5: nominal energy 3841 kWh, operating voltage 1116~1494 V, \"Max. Power\" 1920 kW, UL1973/UL9540/NFPA855. No usable energy, no DoD, no efficiency, no cycle life, no warranty, and no statement that 1920 kW is continuous. TESVOLT's product page lists the same unit as 3.842 MWh / 1.921 MW with application \"2 Std. / 0,5 CP\" (i.e. 2-hour, 0.5C duty) — that duty statement is the distributor's, not Samsung SDI's.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"samsung-sdi--sbb-1-5-samsung-battery-box-1-5","maker":"Samsung SDI","maker_full":"Samsung SDI","country":"South Korea (HQ: 150-20 Gongse-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, per the Global Network page of the Samsung SDI ESS brochures)","model":"SBB 1.5 (SAMSUNG Battery Box 1.5)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale / container (20-ft all-in-one DC enclosure, 6058 x 2438 x 2896 mm, 40 t; scalable to 7 SBBs per bank)","chemistry":"NCA (document states cell type \"NCA 145Ah\"; configuration 2P352S * 14P)","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":5259,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":2630,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.samsungsdi.com/upload/download/business/SAMSUNG%20SDI_ESS%20Product%20Information_JP&EN.pdf","source_title":"SAMSUNG SDI — ESS Product Information (JP&EN): \"SBB 1.0 / 1.5 (Samsung Battery Box) — 3.84 / 5.26MWh DC Enclosure\"","source_date":"2025-09-16 (PDF file creation date in the document metadata; no revision number or printed date appears on the pages)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Document gives ONLY: cell type, configuration, nominal energy 5259 kWh, operating voltage 1091~1460 V, \"Max. Power\" 2630 kW, dimensions, weight, certifications (UL1973, UL9540, NFPA855). It does NOT say the 2630 kW is a continuous rating, does not split charge vs discharge power, and gives no usable energy, no DoD, no round-trip efficiency, no cycle life and no warranty. Values in kWh are exactly as printed (5259 kWh, not '5.26 MWh rounded'). For efficiency/warranty/DoD see the separate TESVOLT distributor row below — those figures are NOT in any Samsung SDI document I could open. Samsung SDI's own news page (https://www.samsungsdi.com/sdi-now/sdi-news/3722.html, 19 Jun 2024) confirms 5.26 MWh per unit and high-nickel NCA cells but adds no electrical specs.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"samsung-sdi--sbb-1-5-tesvolt-distributor-listing-duplicate-of","maker":"Samsung SDI","maker_full":"Samsung SDI","country":"South Korea (HQ: 150-20 Gongse-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, per the Global Network page of the Samsung SDI ESS brochures)","model":"SBB 1.5 — TESVOLT distributor listing (duplicate of the row above; carries the ONLY efficiency/warranty/DoD figures I could find anywhere)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale / container (20-ft, sold in Europe by TESVOLT AG as system integrator/distribution partner)","chemistry":"NCA (\"Cell chemistry NCA\")","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":5260,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":2630,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.96,"efficiency_conditions":"\"DC Round Trip Efficiency of 96% @ 0.2C\" — DC-side only (no PCS/transformer losses), quoted at 0.2C; page adds that a DC round-trip-efficiency guarantee is available from 4 SBBs upward, and that SBB 1.5 has \"+1%\" better DC round-trip efficiency than SBB 1.0. The 96% figure is NOT in any Samsung SDI document I opened.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":20,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.tesvolt.com/en/products/samsung-battery-box.html","source_title":"Samsung Battery Box — TESVOLT AG product page (SBB 1.0 / SBB 1.5)","source_date":"page datePublished 2025-04-24, dateModified 2026-03-17 (schema.org metadata embedded in the page); read 2026-09-24","source_quality":"reseller","gaps":"Distributor page, German number format: \"5,26 MWh\" = 5.26 MWh and \"2,63 MW\" = 2.63 MW (consistent with Samsung SDI's 5259 kWh / 2630 kW). DoD: page says \"Usable capacity 100% depth of discharge\" — so usable ≈ nominal per the distributor, but it gives no kWh figure for usable energy, so energy_kwh_usable is left null rather than computed. Warranty: \"Product and performance warranty of the cells up to 20 years and flexible performance warranty from 4 SBBs\" — 'up to', cells only, no MWh throughput figure. Also states \"97% availability guarantee from 4 SBBs\" and application \"2 hrs / 0,5 CP\", and marks SBB 1.5 \"*available from Q2 2026\". No cycle life. This row exists only so the 96%/20-year/100%-DoD figures are not attributed to a Samsung SDI datasheet; do not count it as a separate product.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"samsung-sdi--sbb-1-7-samsung-battery-box-1-7","maker":"Samsung SDI","maker_full":"Samsung SDI","country":"South Korea (HQ: 150-20 Gongse-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, per the Global Network page of the Samsung SDI ESS brochures)","model":"SBB 1.7 (SAMSUNG Battery Box 1.7)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale / container (20-ft all-in-one enclosure)","chemistry":"NCA (\"high-nickel NCA cells\")","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":6140,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.samsungsdi.com/sdi-now/sdi-news/4522.html","source_title":"SAMSUNG SDI Debuts New SBB Products Featuring High Capacity and Enhanced Safety (RE+ 2025 announcement)","source_date":"2025-09-09","source_quality":"manufacturer-page","gaps":"Press/product announcement, not a datasheet: it states only 6.14 MWh capacity, high-nickel NCA chemistry, ~17% higher energy density than SBB 1.5, 20-ft container, EDI fire suppression. NO power rating, no efficiency, no cycle life, no warranty, no usable energy. The same page announces SBB 2.0 with LFP prismatic cells but publishes no numbers at all for it, so SBB 2.0 is deliberately NOT listed here. Production is announced for 2026 — treat SBB 1.7 as newly released, deployment base still small compared with SBB 1.0/1.5.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"solaredge--solaredge-css-od-102-4-battery-cabinet-css-ou-20","maker":"SolarEdge","maker_full":"SolarEdge (SolarEdge Technologies Ltd.)","country":"Israel","model":"SolarEdge CSS-OD 102.4 — Battery Cabinet CSS-OU-20 with PCS050 battery inverter","segment":"commercial","segment_raw":"commercial","chemistry":"LFP (datasheet \"Cell Chemistry: LFP\")","energy_kwh_usable":92.16,"energy_kwh_nominal":102.4,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":50,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":"No round-trip efficiency is given anywhere in this datasheet. The only efficiency figure is the battery inverter's \"Maximum Inverter Efficiency 97.5%\" (PCS050), which is a one-way conversion figure, not a storage round trip. Do NOT square it or otherwise derive an RTE from it.","cycle_life":6000,"cycle_life_conditions":"Datasheet WARRANTY block: \"Performance — 6000 cycles or 10 years up to 70% SoH\". The depth of discharge and C-rate the cycle count is quoted at are NOT stated; the cabinet's separately-stated limit is \"Maximum C-Rate (charge/discharge) 0.5\".","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://cdn.enfsolar.com/z/pp/2024/11/456te1713y3dpw/solaredge-css-od-102-4-kwh-css-ou-20-ca-b01-01-datasheet.pdf","source_title":"SolarEdge CSS-OD Battery Cabinet 102.4 kWh / Battery Inverter 50 kW (CSS-OU-20 / PCS050) — datasheet, DS-000233-ENG, dated June 10, 2024","source_date":"2024-06-10","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"REVISION CONFLICT — VERIFY BEFORE USING THE USABLE FIGURE: the document I actually opened (SolarEdge DS-000233-ENG, 10 June 2024) states Total 102.4 kWh / Usable 92.16 kWh. Multiple web search snippets assert that a later revision of the same DS-000233-ENG (dated April 2026) states 97.28 kWh usable. I could NOT open that later revision — knowledge-center.solaredge.com and www.solaredge.com both return HTTP 403 to automated fetches, and no distributor mirror of the newer revision was found. I am reporting only what I read. Treat 92.16 kWh as revision-dated and re-verify against the current PDF before computing money from it. POWER: 50 kW is the PCS050 battery inverter's \"Rated AC Active Power Output\" (max apparent 55 kVA, max DC input power 55 kW, up to 2 battery cabinets paralleled per inverter). The cabinet itself states only \"Maximum C-Rate 0.5\"; I did not multiply 0.5 by 102.4 kWh. A separate charge power rating is not published, hence null. NOT STATED: round-trip efficiency, DoD for the usable figure, DoD/C-rate conditions for the 6000-cycle warranty, warranty throughput in MWh. Also note footnote: at initial release only a single Battery Inverter and single Battery Cabinet were supported on-grid pending firmware, and peak shaving / tariff optimization were marked \"coming soon\" — i.e. the tariff-arbitrage mode this app targets was not yet shipped as of this revision.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"solaredge--solaredge-css-od-107-battery-cabinet-css-ou-107-","maker":"SolarEdge","maker_full":"SolarEdge (SolarEdge Technologies Ltd.)","country":"Israel","model":"SolarEdge CSS-OD 107 — Battery Cabinet CSS-OU-107 with PCS050B (49.9 kW) or PCS030B (29.9 kW) battery inverter","segment":"commercial","segment_raw":"commercial","chemistry":"Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) — stated verbatim","energy_kwh_usable":102.14,"energy_kwh_nominal":107.52,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":49.9,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":"No round-trip efficiency in the datasheet. Only \"Maximum Inverter Efficiency 97.5 %\" for the battery inverter (one-way conversion, both PCS050B and PCS030B).","cycle_life":8000,"cycle_life_conditions":"Datasheet WARRANTY block: \"Performance — 8000 cycles or 10 years up to 70% SoH\" (headline bullet: \"10-year/8000 cycle product and performance warranty\"). The DoD and C-rate the cycles are quoted at are NOT stated; cabinet maximum C-rate (charge/discharge) is 0.5.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://tadiran-new-energy.co.il/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/se-css-od-107kwh-battery-cabinet-and-battery-inverter-datasheet-eng.pdf","source_title":"SolarEdge CSS-OD 107 — Battery Cabinet 107 kWh (CSS-OU-107) and Battery Inverter BU 50 kW / 30 kW (PCS050B / PCS030B) — datasheet, DS-000294-ENG, dated May 13, 2026","source_date":"2026-05-13","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"SOURCE ROUTE: SolarEdge's own datasheet (DS-000294-ENG, 13 May 2026) from a SolarEdge distributor's site (Tadiran New Energy); knowledge-center.solaredge.com is 403 to automated fetches. POWER: 49.9 kW is the PCS050B \"Rated AC Active Power Output\"; the alternative PCS030B is rated 29.9 kW. Note the inverter's stated \"Maximum Continuous Input / Output Current Protection (Per Phase) 144/72 Aac\" (PCS050B) and 87/44 Aac (PCS030B) — input and output current limits differ, but the datasheet does not convert this into a separate charge power rating in kW, so charge power is null rather than guessed. Cabinet: 6 modules of 17.92 kWh, operating voltage 342–432 Vdc, nominal 384 Vdc, built-in HVAC (parasitic auxiliary load — single-phase 230 V/50 Hz AC auxiliary input is required for HVAC and is NOT quantified in the datasheet, which matters for a net-revenue arbitrage model). Backup functionality is footnoted as limited to one Battery Inverter per site and requiring a firmware update \"expected later in 2026\". NOT STATED: round-trip efficiency, HVAC/auxiliary consumption, DoD basis for usable energy, cycle-test conditions, warranty throughput.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"solaredge--solaredge-css-od-197-battery-cabinet-css-ou-197-","maker":"SolarEdge","maker_full":"SolarEdge (SolarEdge Technologies Ltd.)","country":"Israel","model":"SolarEdge CSS-OD 197 — Battery Cabinet CSS-OU-197 with PCS050 battery inverter (50 kW, 1 or 2 per cabinet)","segment":"commercial","segment_raw":"commercial","chemistry":"LFP (datasheet \"Cell Chemistry: LFP\")","energy_kwh_usable":187.15,"energy_kwh_nominal":197.12,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":50,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":"No round-trip efficiency is stated. Only \"Maximum Inverter Efficiency 97.5%\" for the PCS050 (one-way conversion).","cycle_life":7000,"cycle_life_conditions":"Datasheet WARRANTY block: \"Performance — 7000 cycles or 10 years up to 70% SoH\". DoD and C-rate for the cycle figure are NOT stated; cabinet maximum C-rate (charge/discharge) is 0.5.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://cdn.enfsolar.com/z/pp/2025/11/8j94u0rd4df1hc/se-css-od-197kwh-battery-cabinet-and-battery-inverter-datash.pdf","source_title":"PRELIMINARY — SolarEdge CSS-OD Battery Cabinet 197 kWh / Battery Inverter 50 / 100 kW (CSS-OU-197 / PCS050) — datasheet, DS-000233-ENG, dated October 16, 2025","source_date":"2025-10-16","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"DOCUMENT STATUS: the PDF is stamped \"PRELIMINARY\" on page 1 — figures may change in the released revision. Retrieved from the ENF Solar CDN mirror of SolarEdge's own PDF (SolarEdge copyright, DS-000233-ENG, 16 Oct 2025) because knowledge-center.solaredge.com is 403 to automated fetches. POWER: 50 kW is one PCS050's \"Rated AC Active Power Output\" (55 kVA apparent, 55 kW max DC input); the datasheet states \"Number of Battery Inverters per Battery Cabinet 197 kWh: 1 or 2\", so a cabinet is 50 or 100 kW depending on configuration, and the product page headline claims scaling \"up to 1 MW active power output\" / 4 MWh per site. The cabinet's own limit is \"Maximum C-Rate 0.5\" — I did not multiply that by 197.12 kWh. Separate charge power rating not published, hence null. Cabinet: 11 modules × 17.92 kWh, 616–792 Vdc, built-in HVAC requiring a single-phase auxiliary supply whose consumption is not quantified (parasitic load matters for net arbitrage P&L). NOT STATED: round-trip efficiency, auxiliary/HVAC consumption, DoD basis, cycle-test conditions, warranty throughput in MWh.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"solaredge--solaredge-energy-bank-10-kwh-bat-10k1ps0b-01","maker":"SolarEdge","maker_full":"SolarEdge (SolarEdge Technologies Ltd.)","country":"Israel","model":"SolarEdge Energy Bank 10 kWh — BAT-10K1PS0B-01","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"Not named in the datasheet (it gives only cell/battery certifications IEC 62619, UN38.3). The SolarEdge Energy Bank Safety Data Sheet lists \"Cobalt oxide <30%\" and \"Nickel oxide <30%\" with nominal cell voltage ~3.6 V — i.e. a nickel/cobalt oxide lithium-ion cathode (NMC-family), NOT LFP. Reported as: Li-ion, nickel/cobalt oxide cathode per SDS.","energy_kwh_usable":9.7,"energy_kwh_nominal":10.3,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":5,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.945,"efficiency_conditions":"Datasheet line reads \"Peak Roundtrip Efficiency >94.5 %\". Peak value; no conditions (temperature, C-rate, SoC window, AC/DC boundary) stated. DC-coupled to the SolarEdge inverter.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":"Not stated in the datasheet; it refers to the SolarEdge Energy Bank battery Limited Warranty. The related SolarEdge Home Battery 400V warranty (Revised April 2023) states \"Unlimited cycles\" with 70% energy retention at end of the 10-year period for standard solar use.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://natec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Datasheet-SolarEdge-Energy-Bank-10kWh-Battery.pdf","source_title":"StorEdge — SolarEdge Energy Bank 10kWh Battery For Europe, BAT-10K1PS0B-01 — datasheet, DS-000051-1.4-EU, dated 07/2021","source_date":"2021-07","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"SOURCE ROUTE: SolarEdge's own datasheet (copyright block, DS-000051-1.4-EU, 07/2021) from a distributor mirror; knowledge-center.solaredge.com returns HTTP 403 to automated fetches. BOTH ENERGY FIGURES ARE AS PRINTED: \"Total Energy 10300 Wh\" and \"Usable Energy (100% depth of discharge) 9700 Wh\" — reported as given, not multiplied. IMPORTANT FOR AN ARBITRAGE MODEL: a datasheet footnote states \"Using RS485 could reduce the usable energy to 9500 Wh\" (wireless SolarEdge Energy Net communication is the design assumption), so usable energy is commissioning-dependent. POWER: only \"Continuous Output Power 5000 W\" (discharge) is stated; continuous CHARGE power is not stated anywhere in the datasheet, so it is reported as null. Peak output power in backup is 7500 W for 10 seconds — a backup rating, not a sustained arbitrage rating. CROSS-CHECK: the North American edition (https://www.solarcrowdsource.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/TSP-SE-EnergyBank-Battery.pdf, DS-000026-3.3-NA, 05/2021) states the same 9700 Wh usable / 5000 W / 7500 W / >94.5% / 10 years but omits Total Energy and gives IP65/NEMA 3R instead of the EU sheet's IP55. NOT STATED: chemistry (taken from the SDS at https://ressupply.com/documents/solaredge/Energy_Bank_MSDS.pdf), cycle life, charge power, efficiency conditions, warranty throughput.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"solaredge--solaredge-home-battery-400v-europe-bat-10k1ps0b-","maker":"SolarEdge","maker_full":"SolarEdge (SolarEdge Technologies Ltd.)","country":"Israel","model":"SolarEdge Home Battery 400V (Europe) — BAT-10K1PS0B-x2","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"Not named in the datasheet. Per the SolarEdge Home Battery (High Voltage) / Energy Bank Safety Data Sheet: cobalt oxide <30%, nickel oxide <30%, ~3.6 V nominal cell — Li-ion with nickel/cobalt oxide cathode (NMC-family), not LFP.","energy_kwh_usable":9.7,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":5,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.945,"efficiency_conditions":"Datasheet line reads \"Peak Roundtrip Efficiency >94.5 %\". Peak value, DC-coupled; no measurement conditions stated in the document.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":"No cycle life figure. The SolarEdge Limited SolarEdge Home Battery 400V Warranty (Revised: April 2023) states in its Energy Capacity table: Energy Retention \"70% at the end of the Warranty Period\", Energy Throughput \"Unlimited cycles\" — with the qualification that for standard solar use only (self-consumption, time of use, backup, SolarEdge-managed services), and that \"In the case of 3rd party management of SolarEdge Home Battery 400V, the battery warranty is limited to maximal energy throughput of 26MWh.\"","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":26,"source_url":"https://natec.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Datasheet-SolarEdge-Home-Battery-400V_ENG.pdf","source_title":"SolarEdge Home Battery 400V For Europe, BAT-10K1P — datasheet, DS-000164-ENG, dated April 26, 2022","source_date":"2022-04-26","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"WARRANTY THROUGHPUT — READ THIS BEFORE USING THE NUMBER: 26 MWh is NOT a general throughput limit. The warranty document (https://ressupply.com/documents/solaredge/Energy_Bank_Warranty.pdf, \"SolarEdge Limited SolarEdge Home Battery 400V Warranty\", Revised April 2023) grants \"Unlimited cycles\" for standard solar use and caps the warranty at 26 MWh throughput ONLY when the battery is under third-party management. A price-arbitrage scheduler driven by an external app is very likely to count as third-party management, which is exactly the regime where the 26 MWh cap bites — this is a commercial/legal question for the app, not a spec question, and should be checked with SolarEdge before the app schedules this battery. SOURCE ROUTE: SolarEdge's own datasheet (DS-000164-ENG, 26 Apr 2022) from a distributor mirror; knowledge-center.solaredge.com is 403 to automated fetches. USABLE ENERGY IS COMMISSIONING-DEPENDENT: datasheet footnote (3) states \"Using RS485 could reduce the usable energy to 9500Wh\". NOT STATED: total/nominal energy (the earlier Energy Bank EU sheet gives 10300 Wh for what appears to be the same hardware, but this datasheet does not repeat it, so nominal is left null here), charge power, cycle life, efficiency conditions, chemistry.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"solaredge--solaredge-home-battery-400v-usa-domestic-content","maker":"SolarEdge","maker_full":"SolarEdge (SolarEdge Technologies Ltd.)","country":"Israel","model":"SolarEdge Home Battery 400V, USA Domestic Content Eligible — UBAT-10K1PS0B-03","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"Not named in the datasheet (certifications only: cell UL 1642; battery UL 1973, UL 9540A, UL 9540, UN 38.3). Same 400V platform as the Energy Bank; SDS for that platform lists cobalt oxide <30% / nickel oxide <30% (nickel-cobalt Li-ion, NMC-family).","energy_kwh_usable":9.7,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":5,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.945,"efficiency_conditions":"Datasheet line reads \"Peak Roundtrip Efficiency 94.5 %\" (this North American sheet prints it without the \">\" used in the EU sheets). Peak value; no conditions stated.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":"Not stated; datasheet refers to the SolarEdge Home Battery limited product warranty. See the 400V warranty note: 70% retention at 10 years, unlimited cycles for standard solar use, 26 MWh cap under third-party management.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://krannich-solar.com/fileadmin/user_upload/US/Datasheets/Inverters/SolarEdge/se-solaredge-home-battery-made-in-the-usa-datasheet-nam.pdf","source_title":"SolarEdge Home Battery 400V — USA Domestic Content Eligible, for North America, BAT-10K1P — datasheet, DS-000255-NAM, dated November 14, 2024","source_date":"2024-11-14","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"SOURCE ROUTE: SolarEdge's own datasheet (DS-000255-NAM, 14 Nov 2024) from a distributor mirror (Krannich Solar); knowledge-center.solaredge.com is 403 to automated fetches. RELEVANCE TO A UKRAINIAN APP: this is the US domestic-content variant (IRS Notice 2024-41 / ITC bonus adder) — included because it is a distinct, currently-published part number with the most recent NA datasheet, but it is a North American SKU and would not be sold in Ukraine. CHARGE POWER: footnote (1) explicitly says \"Charge/discharge power may differ according to temperature range\" but gives no charge figure, so charge power is null. Max continuous output current 14.3 A is stated. TEMPERATURE CONDITION ON THE WARRANTY: footnote (8) requires ambient between 0 and +40 °C for at least 95% of the warranty period and -10 to +50 °C for the remainder. NOT STATED: nominal energy, chemistry, cycle life, efficiency conditions, warranty throughput.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"solaredge--solaredge-home-battery-48v-w-battery-module-bat-","maker":"SolarEdge","maker_full":"SolarEdge (SolarEdge Technologies Ltd.)","country":"Israel","model":"SolarEdge Home Battery 48V (W) — battery module BAT-05K48M0W-01","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"Li-Ion – LFP (stated verbatim in the datasheet's \"Battery Type\" row)","energy_kwh_usable":4.85,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":4.096,"power_kw_charge":2.825,"round_trip_efficiency":0.954,"efficiency_conditions":"Datasheet line reads \"Peak Roundtrip Efficiency >95.4 %\". Peak (best-case) value; no temperature, C-rate, SoC window or AC/DC measurement boundary is given. DC-coupled architecture.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":"Not stated in the datasheet; it refers to \"the SolarEdge Home Battery Limited Product Warranty\" for details. The 48V warranty document I opened (September 2022) is throughput-based: 70% energy retention at the earlier of 10 years or 2.87 MWh throughput per kWh usable capacity. I could not confirm that this same warranty revision covers the (W) variant, which is a later product.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://cdn.estg.eu/p/5/4/e/7/54e7e854f8e983eec8f025bf1f8a184e6e4a7c45_SolarEdge_Home_Battery_48V__WIDE__Datasheet.pdf","source_title":"SolarEdge Home Battery 48V (W), BAT-05K48 — datasheet, DS-000282-EU, dated November 26, 2025","source_date":"2025-11-26","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"SOURCE ROUTE: SolarEdge's own datasheet (copyright block, DS-000282-EU, dated 26 Nov 2025), retrieved from a distributor CDN mirror because knowledge-center.solaredge.com returns HTTP 403 to automated fetches. DEPLOYMENT SCOPE — IMPORTANT: datasheet footnote (1) states the specification applies to part number BAT-05K48M0W-01 and that it is \"Approved for installation in only in Germany and Austria\" [sic], so this is NOT a broadly deployed model outside DE/AT. POWER: 2.825/4.096 kW are the \"for a Single Module\" charge/discharge figures; for multiple modules the datasheet states 5000/5000 W. Maximum one battery tower per inverter, up to 4 modules per tower (datasheet headline says \"up to 19.4 kWh\" — that is SolarEdge's own stated stack total, not my arithmetic). Datasheet footnote (3) warns of power derating: discharge power derates above 40 °C internal temperature, charge power derates below 15 °C, and the internal heating procedure that mitigates this \"consumes some of the charge power\" — relevant for winter arbitrage modelling in Ukraine. NOT STATED: nominal energy, cycle life, average round-trip efficiency, efficiency conditions, warranty throughput in MWh.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"solaredge--solaredge-home-battery-48v-battery-module-bat-05","maker":"SolarEdge","maker_full":"SolarEdge (SolarEdge Technologies Ltd.)","country":"Israel","model":"SolarEdge Home Battery 48V — battery module BAT-05K48S0B-01","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"Li-Ion. Datasheet states only \"Battery Type: Li-Ion\". The SolarEdge Home Battery 48V (Low Voltage) Safety Data Sheet v1.3 (May 2022) identifies it as \"Lithium-Ion Battery (LFP)\", \"16S1P LFP cells\", composition 27.04% ferrous phosphate lithium (CAS 15365-14-7) — i.e. LFP.","energy_kwh_usable":4.6,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":4.096,"power_kw_charge":2.825,"round_trip_efficiency":0.945,"efficiency_conditions":"Datasheet line reads \"Peak Roundtrip Efficiency >94.5 %\". It is a PEAK (best-case) figure, not an average operating value, and the document states no measurement conditions (no temperature, C-rate, SoC window, or AC/DC measurement boundary). SolarEdge markets it as achieved through direct DC coupling to the inverter, so it is not an AC-in/AC-out round trip.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":"No cycle life is stated in the datasheet. The Limited Product Warranty — SolarEdge Home Battery 48V (September 2022) is throughput-based, not cycle-based: 70% remaining usable capacity (\"Energy Retention\") at the earlier of end of the 10-year warranty period or an energy throughput of 2.87 MWh per each kWh usable capacity of the battery.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://midsummerwholesale.co.uk/pdfs/se-solaredge-home-battery-low-voltage-datasheet-eng-row.pdf","source_title":"SolarEdge Home Battery 48V For Europe, BAT-05K48 — datasheet, DS-000141, dated 11 August 2022","source_date":"2022-08-11","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"SOURCE ROUTE: this is SolarEdge's own datasheet PDF (SolarEdge copyright block, doc ID DS-000141, date 11 Aug 2022) but retrieved from a distributor mirror — the canonical URL https://knowledge-center.solaredge.com/sites/kc/files/solaredge-home-battery-48v-datasheet-eng-row.pdf returns HTTP 403 (Cloudflare) to every automated fetch I tried, as does www.solaredge.com. VALUES AS STATED: \"Usable Energy (100% depth of discharge) 4600 Wh\" — the source gives usable only, no nominal/total energy, so no DoD multiplication was done. POWER: the 2.825 kW charge / 4.096 kW discharge figures are the datasheet's \"for a single module\" values; for multiple modules the datasheet states 5000/5000 W (charge/discharge), which is the system limit, not per module. Up to 5 modules connected in parallel per inverter. NOT STATED ANYWHERE IN THE SOURCE: nominal energy, cycle life, average (non-peak) round-trip efficiency, efficiency test conditions, warranty throughput as an absolute MWh number (only the per-kWh ratio of 2.87 MWh/kWh usable — I deliberately did not multiply it out). Warranty terms come from a second document: https://7sun.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/Warranty-EN-9.pdf (Limited Product Warranty SolarEdge Home Battery 48V, September 2022, distributor mirror). Chemistry comes from a third document: the Safety Data Sheet v1.3 May 2022, mirrored at https://7sun.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/Security-data-EN-1.pdf.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"sonnen--sonnen-megawatt-series-a-250-kw-573-kwh-block","maker":"Sonnen","maker_full":"Sonnen (sonnen GmbH / sonnen Inc.)","country":"Germany","model":"sonnen Megawatt Series A (250 kW / 573 kWh block)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale","chemistry":"LFP","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":573,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":250,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":"No round-trip or any efficiency figure appears anywhere in this specification.","cycle_life":8000,"cycle_life_conditions":"Stated as 'Life Cycle (EOL) ≥ 8000 (Capacity ≥ 60% EOL at 20yr)'. So: at least 8000 cycles, with end-of-life defined as retaining at least 60% capacity at 20 years. No DoD or C-rate is quoted for the cycle figure; the pack is separately rated 'Multiplying Power ≤ 0.5C'.","warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6880e94a10d268be27eed8af/689f35a98ed99494ec23eca7_The%20sonnen%20Megawatt%20Series%20A%20-%20Smaller%20C%20over%202%20R2.pdf","source_title":"The sonnen Megawatt Series A – Smaller C/2 LFP System, 250kW / 573kWh Single Block, Stackable to 30 MWh","source_date":"2025-01-11 (PDF creation date; no printed version/date block on this edition)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"573 kWh is stated as 'Battery capacity (BOL) at DC side' — i.e. beginning-of-life DC nameplate, NOT usable AC energy. Usable energy and DoD are not stated. 250 kW comes from the cover title; the PCS table itself states 'Nominal AC power 250kVA@45°C' — kVA, not kW, so real power depends on power factor. Charge power not stated separately; the ≤0.5C rating implies roughly symmetric ~0.5C operation but the document does not say so. No efficiency, no warranty, no MWh throughput. Liquid-cooled cabinets (battery 2180×2450×1730 mm, 6100 kg; PCS 1800×2450×1230 mm, 1500 kg), UL1973/UL9540/UL9540A. Document is watermarked 'Confidential' and 'For Limited Distribution to Approved Projects Only' although it is publicly linked from sonnenusa.com.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"sonnen--sonnen-megawatt-series-b-5-mw-10-mwh-bess-with-m","maker":"Sonnen","maker_full":"Sonnen (sonnen GmbH / sonnen Inc.)","country":"Germany","model":"sonnen Megawatt Series B (5 MW / 10 MWh BESS with MVT)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"container","chemistry":"LFP","energy_kwh_usable":10000,"energy_kwh_nominal":11008,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":5000,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":"No round-trip or any efficiency figure appears anywhere in this specification.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6880e94a10d268be27eed8af/689f3600ddd5e4f3e8a56f3c_sonnen%20Megawatt%20Series%20B%20-%20Large%20C%20over%202.pdf","source_title":"sonnen Megawatt series B – 5MW-10MWh BESS with MVT Specification, Version 1.3","source_date":"2025-04-22 (printed on the cover: 'Version 1.3, Date: 4/22/2025')","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"This is the best-documented energy pair in the range: the sheet states BOTH 'Total Nameplate Battery Capacity 11008 kwh' and 'Total Usable Battery Capacity 10000 kwh' directly, footnoted 'Represents the total battery capacity of a complete system' — no multiplication needed. Power: 5000 kW is the stated 'Usable AC output power @POI 5000 kW @45 °C'; note the PCS 'Nameplate AC output power' is 8000 kW, so do NOT use 8 MW for arbitrage — the point-of-interconnection limit is 5 MW. Charge power is not stated separately. NO efficiency, NO cycle life, NO warranty, NO MWh throughput anywhere in the document — all four must come from a contract or a separate warranty sheet before any P&L is computed. Configuration: 4 × 30 ft liquid-cooled LFP containers + 2 × 20 ft PCS+MVT skids + EMS; UL 9540, UL 9540A/NFPA 855. Watermarked 'Confidential' though publicly linked from sonnenusa.com.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"sonnen--sonnen-eco-gen-3-eco-10","maker":"Sonnen","maker_full":"Sonnen (sonnen GmbH / sonnen Inc.)","country":"Germany","model":"sonnen eco (Gen 3) – eco 10","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"Lithium iron phosphate (LFP)","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":10,"dod_fraction":0.9,"power_kw_discharge":7,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.86,"efficiency_conditions":"Stated as 'Roundtrip efficiency % (Grid<>Battery): >= 86%'. A lower bound, with no temperature, C-rate or SoC window given. Separately 'Inverter efficiency 92.5% CEC weighted, 95.0% peak' — component-only, not combined by me.","cycle_life":10000,"cycle_life_conditions":"Stated only inside the warranty line: '10 year or 10,000 cycle system warranty – includes inverter, battery modules, cabinet and components'. No DoD or temperature quoted alongside the cycle count.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.solarcrowdsource.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/28427-eco-Gen-3-tech-spec-Engl.pdf","source_title":"Tech Specs - sonnen eco - Gen 3 (sonnen Inc. document, P/N 28437 – REV 00120)","source_date":"2019-03-19 (PDF creation date); revision printed as 'P/N 28437 – REV 00120'","source_quality":"reseller","gaps":"SOURCE HOST CAVEAT: the document is sonnen Inc.'s own tech-spec sheet (sonnen letterhead, sonnen P/N and revision, sonnen Inc. Tucker GA address), but the copy I could open is hosted by a reseller (solarcrowdsource.com); I could not locate a live copy on a sonnen domain — this model is superseded by sonnenCore/Core+. USABLE ENERGY IS AMBIGUOUS AND I DID NOT COMPUTE IT: the table row reads 'Total capacity (@ 90% DOD): 10 kWh' while footnote 2 says modules 'are 2.5kWh in total capacity and at a 90% DoD represent 2.25kWh of usable capacity per module', and the general table says 'Usable capacity: 2.25 kWh per battery module, up to 8 modules'. So 10 kWh reads as TOTAL, with usable lower; the sheet never states a system usable kWh. Power: 7 kW is the grid-tied rating at 25 °C; off-grid rating is 8 kW; charge power is not stated separately. No MWh throughput. Variants on the same sheet: eco 5 (3 kW grid-tied), eco 7.5 (3.6 kW), eco 12.5 / 15 / 17.5 / 20 (all 7 kW grid-tied).","spot_verified":null},{"id":"sonnen--sonnenbatterie-10-10-11","maker":"Sonnen","maker_full":"Sonnen (sonnen GmbH / sonnen Inc.)","country":"Germany","model":"sonnenBatterie 10 (10/11)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate)","energy_kwh_usable":10,"energy_kwh_nominal":11,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":4.6,"power_kw_charge":4.6,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":"Datasheet states NO round-trip efficiency. It gives only two separate component figures: 'Max. inverter efficiency 95 %' and 'Max. battery efficiency 96,8 %'. These are maxima for different subsystems and were deliberately NOT multiplied together.","cycle_life":10000,"cycle_life_conditions":"Stated as 'Cycles 10,000' with footnote 3 'Please be aware that terms and conditions apply.' No depth-of-discharge, temperature or C-rate is quoted for the cycle figure. Separately: 'Battery service life: designed for 20 years'.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://media.sonnengroup.com/dd373a24-6f4c-498b-b1a7-f222bebef369-en","source_title":"Data sheet sonnenBatterie 10 (sonnenbatterie.co.uk / sonnen UK edition), models 10/5, 10/11, 10/22","source_date":"2021-11-09 (PDF creation date; no revision or publication date is printed on the sheet)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"No round-trip efficiency and no DoD stated — both must be sourced elsewhere before computing arbitrage P&L. No warranty energy throughput (MWh) stated. Footnote 1 on the power rating: 'G98: Maximum charge and discharge power of 3.68 kW' — under UK G98 connection the unit is limited to 3.68 kW, not 4.6 kW, which materially changes arbitrage sizing. Datasheet notes validity 'for sonnenBatterie 10 with sonnenModule 4 only'. Sibling variant 10/5 on the same sheet: 5.5 kWh nominal / 5 kWh usable, 3.4 kW.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"sonnen--sonnenbatterie-10-10-22","maker":"Sonnen","maker_full":"Sonnen (sonnen GmbH / sonnen Inc.)","country":"Germany","model":"sonnenBatterie 10 (10/22)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate)","energy_kwh_usable":20,"energy_kwh_nominal":22,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":4.6,"power_kw_charge":4.6,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":"No round-trip efficiency on the datasheet. Only 'Max. inverter efficiency 95 %' and 'Max. battery efficiency 96,8 %' are given, as separate component maxima; not multiplied.","cycle_life":10000,"cycle_life_conditions":"'Cycles 10,000', footnote 3 'terms and conditions apply'. No DoD / temperature / C-rate quoted. 'Battery service life: designed for 20 years'.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://media.sonnengroup.com/dd373a24-6f4c-498b-b1a7-f222bebef369-en","source_title":"Data sheet sonnenBatterie 10 (sonnenbatterie.co.uk / sonnen UK edition), models 10/5, 10/11, 10/22","source_date":"2021-11-09 (PDF creation date; no printed revision date)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Note the power does NOT scale with capacity: the 22 kWh unit has the same 4.6 kW rating as the 11 kWh unit, so it is a ~4.3-hour-duration battery. No RTE, no DoD, no MWh throughput stated. Same G98 3.68 kW limitation footnote applies. Ships as 2 housings. Sheet advertises expandability 'up to 198 kWh' but gives no specs for that configuration.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"sonnen--sonnenbatterie-10-performance-10p-11","maker":"Sonnen","maker_full":"Sonnen (sonnen GmbH / sonnen Inc.)","country":"Germany","model":"sonnenBatterie 10 performance (10p/11)","segment":"commercial","segment_raw":"commercial","chemistry":"LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate)","energy_kwh_usable":10,"energy_kwh_nominal":11,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":7,"power_kw_charge":7,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":"No efficiency figure of any kind appears on this datasheet — not round-trip, not inverter, not battery. Reported as null rather than borrowed from the sonnenBatterie 10 sheet.","cycle_life":10000,"cycle_life_conditions":"'Zyklen 10.000' with footnote 1 ('please observe current warranty conditions'). No DoD or temperature quoted. 'Batterie-Lebensdauer: ausgelegt auf 20 Jahre' (designed for 20 years).","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://media.sonnengroup.com/f42cef3c-0931-4045-b4fe-8982cdb59562-de-download","source_title":"Technische Daten sonnenBatterie 10 performance (sonnen.de / sonnen.at), models 10p/11 – 10p/55","source_date":"2022-04-27 (PDF creation date; no printed revision date on the DE/AT edition)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"No efficiency data at all. No DoD, no MWh throughput. Three-phase 400 V / 50 Hz — this is the light-commercial sibling of the residential sonnenBatterie 10. Column header reads 'Wechselrichter Nennleistung (be- und entladen)' i.e. one figure covering BOTH charge and discharge, so 7.0 kW is symmetric.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"sonnen--sonnenbatterie-10-performance-10p-22","maker":"Sonnen","maker_full":"Sonnen (sonnen GmbH / sonnen Inc.)","country":"Germany","model":"sonnenBatterie 10 performance (10p/22)","segment":"commercial","segment_raw":"commercial","chemistry":"LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate)","energy_kwh_usable":20,"energy_kwh_nominal":22,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":9.9,"power_kw_charge":9.9,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":"No efficiency figure of any kind on either the Spanish or the German edition of this datasheet.","cycle_life":10000,"cycle_life_conditions":"'Ciclos 10,000' / 'Zyklen 10.000', footnote 'terms and conditions apply'. No DoD or temperature quoted. Battery service life 'designed for 20 years'.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://media.sonnengroup.com/430b7407-f9c7-4e9e-a4d4-efc17155b763-en-download","source_title":"Ficha Técnica sonnenBatterie 10 performance (sonnen.es), models 10p/11 – 10p/55, status October 2022","source_date":"October 2022 ('Situación a partir de octubre de 2022' printed on the sheet)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"POWER FIGURE CONFLICTS BETWEEN TWO MANUFACTURER EDITIONS — verify per unit before computing money. The Spanish sheet (Oct 2022) states a single '9.9' kW for charge and discharge. The German/Austrian sheet of the same model states '8,0 / 9,9' with footnote 1 'Leistung abhängig von der Version des Leistungsmoduls' (power depends on the version of the power module). The two numbers are therefore TWO POWER-MODULE VARIANTS, not charge-vs-discharge asymmetry — the cascade table scales both together (2 units = '16,0 / 19,8'). I report 9.9 from the Spanish sheet but an installed unit may be an 8.0 kW variant. No efficiency, no DoD, no MWh throughput. Larger siblings 10p/33, 10p/44, 10p/55 = 33/44/55 kWh nominal, 30/40/50 kWh usable, same power rating; cascadable to 9 units (99–495 kWh nominal, up to 89.1 kW).","spot_verified":null},{"id":"sonnen--sonnenbatterie-evo","maker":"Sonnen","maker_full":"Sonnen (sonnen GmbH / sonnen Inc.)","country":"Germany","model":"sonnenBatterie Evo","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP)","energy_kwh_usable":10,"energy_kwh_nominal":11,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":5,"power_kw_charge":5,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":"No round-trip efficiency stated. Only 'Inverter efficiency 94.4 % peak' — a peak inverter-only figure, not a system AC/AC round trip. Not converted.","cycle_life":10000,"cycle_life_conditions":"Stated only as part of the warranty line: 'Warranty: 10 years or 10,000 cycles'. No DoD, temperature or C-rate quoted for the cycle count.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://media.sonnengroup.com/4691b274-3da3-42ad-bc5d-90e51ea8e8c5-en","source_title":"Technical data sonnenBatterie Evo (sonnen.com.au)","source_date":"Version 1 | 2024 (printed on the sheet)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"No round-trip efficiency, no DoD, no MWh throughput. Power is stated two ways that agree: 'Rated active power 5000 W' and 'Max charge / discharge current (continuous) / Max power: 40 A / 5 kW' — one figure covering both directions. Outdoor-rated IP 56, single-phase 230 V / 50 Hz, made in Germany. Backup peaks (7050 VA for 60 s, 5300 VA for 30 min) are short-duration and NOT usable for arbitrage. A second manufacturer edition (V 1.4_062022, https://media.sonnengroup.com/419fc645-910a-494b-8f6b-2516be4535fc-en) carries identical electrical specs but quotes ambient range -5 to 45 °C where the 2024 edition quotes -10 to +50 °C.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"sonnen--sonnencore-10-kwh","maker":"Sonnen","maker_full":"Sonnen (sonnen GmbH / sonnen Inc.)","country":"Germany","model":"sonnenCore (10 kWh)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"Lithium iron phosphate (LFP)","energy_kwh_usable":10,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":4.8,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.85,"efficiency_conditions":"Stated as 'Round-trip efficiency % (Grid<>Battery): >85%'. It is a lower bound ('>'), not a point value, and the sheet gives no temperature, C-rate or state-of-charge window for it. 0.85 is the stated floor — actual may be higher.","cycle_life":10000,"cycle_life_conditions":"Stated only inside the warranty line: '10 year or 10,000 cycle system warranty – includes inverter, battery modules, cabinet and components'. No DoD or temperature quoted for the cycle figure.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://media.sonnengroup.com/c2580a28-ed03-4261-9bb9-febe15b7bf46-en-download","source_title":"Tech Specs - sonnenCore (sonnenusa.com), P/N 5500469 – REV 002","source_date":"2020-09-21 (PDF creation date); document revision printed as 'P/N 5500469 – REV 002'","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Nominal/total pack energy is NOT stated — only 'Usable Capacity 10 kWh' and 'Usable capacity 5 kWh per battery module'. DoD 1.0 comes from the battery table line 'Cell discharge: 5 kWh with 100% DoD'. Charge power is not stated separately; only 'Nominal power rating (Grid-tied output at 40°C) 4.8 kW', which is an OUTPUT rating — do not assume charging is symmetric without confirming. Battery table gives 'Max charge current 40 A per module' but no corresponding kW. No MWh throughput. US split-phase 120/240 V, 60 Hz, indoor only (Type 12 enclosure).","spot_verified":null},{"id":"sonnen--sonnencore-score-p10-10-kwh","maker":"Sonnen","maker_full":"Sonnen (sonnen GmbH / sonnen Inc.)","country":"Germany","model":"sonnenCore+ (SCORE-P10, 10 kWh)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"Lithium iron phosphate (LFP)","energy_kwh_usable":10,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":4.8,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.858,"efficiency_conditions":"'Max round-trip efficiency 85.8%'. Two footnotes qualify it: (2) 'Maximum round trip efficiency shown is calculated using the single cycle round trip efficiency (SCRTE) formula used by SGIP admin'; (4) 'Based on full system AC/AC RTE for the sonnenCore+ 20 kWh system at ambient temperature of 25°C (77°F), beginning of life. Test conducted by sonnen Inc. R&D.' So this is a MAXIMUM, measured on the 20 kWh unit, at 25 °C, at beginning of life. The sheet also shows a round-trip-efficiency-vs-power curve and warns efficiency 'varies depending on charge/discharge power levels'.","cycle_life":10000,"cycle_life_conditions":"Stated only inside the warranty line: '10 year or 10,000 cycle system warranty – includes inverter, battery modules, cabinet and components'. No DoD or temperature quoted for the cycle figure.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://media.sonnengroup.com/e34da34c-58fc-4fb5-b000-c3d55fcd6580-en-download","source_title":"00 Engineering Design Tech Specs - sonnenCore+ (sonnenusa.com), models SCORE-P10 / SCORE-P20, P/N 5000581 – REV 000","source_date":"2022-06-21 (PDF creation date; last modified 2022-07-12); revision printed as 'P/N 5000581 – REV 000'","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Nominal/total pack energy NOT stated at system level; footnote 1 says 'The sM4 battery modules are 5.5 kWh in total capacity and represent 5kWh of usable capacity per module' — I did not multiply this up to a pack nominal. DoD 1.0 from 'Cell discharge: 5 kWh with 100% DoD'. Charge power not stated in kW; 4.8 kW is explicitly a grid-tied OUTPUT rating at 40 °C, and 'Max charge current 19 A per module' is given without a kW equivalent. IMPORTANT for arbitrage: the 85.8% RTE is a maximum at 25 °C and beginning of life, measured on the 20 kWh model — using it as a flat assumption will overstate P&L. No MWh throughput. Sibling SCORE-P20 on the same sheet: 20 kWh usable, same 4.8 kW rating (i.e. ~4.2 h duration).","spot_verified":null},{"id":"sungrow-power-supply-co-ltd--sbh200-sbh-series-4-modules","maker":"Sungrow Power Supply Co., Ltd.","maker_full":"Sungrow Power Supply Co., Ltd.","country":"China","model":"SBH200 (SBH series, 4 modules)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (datasheet: \"LiFePO4 Prismatic Cell\")","energy_kwh_usable":20,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":56,"source_url":"https://info-support.sungrowpower.com/application/pdf/2024/08/30/DS_20240329_SBH100_150_200_250_300_350_400_Datasheet_V4_EN.pdf","source_title":"SBH100/150/200/250/300/350/400 High Voltage LFP Battery — Datasheet, Version 4","source_date":"2024 (\"© 2024 Sungrow ... Version 4\"; filename DS_20240329, i.e. revision 2024-03-29; hosted under path dated 2024-08-30)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"POWER IS A REAL GAP. The SBH datasheet has no per-model kW row at all. It prints only \"Max. charge / discharge current: continuous 50 A\" and, as a marketing headline, \"Max.power exceeding 25kW\" for the family (that headline plainly refers to the largest configuration, not to SBH200). Nominal voltage for SBH200 is 281.6 V. I deliberately did NOT multiply 50 A x 281.6 V. I checked the Sungrow SBH product page (en.sungrowpower.com/productDetail/5568) — it repeats the same two headline claims and no per-model kW. ENERGY: the datasheet prints only one energy row, \"Energy (useable) 20.0 kWh\"; there is no nominal-capacity row, so energy_kwh_nominal is null. Note the Sungrow warranty document labels this same 20.0 kWh figure \"Nominal Energy\" — the two Sungrow documents disagree on the label for one number. Usable-energy footnote: \"Test conditions: 25C, 100% depth of discharge (DOD), 0.2C charge&discharge\". DoD row reads \"Max. 100 % DOD ( settable )\". No RTE and no cycle count in any Sungrow document I opened. Warranty throughput 56.00 MWh from Sungrow HV Battery Limited Warranty V8.0 (Australia-only), with the same arbitrage caveat: unlimited cycles only for self-consumption/backup.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"sungrow-power-supply-co-ltd--sbh400-sbh-series-8-modules","maker":"Sungrow Power Supply Co., Ltd.","maker_full":"Sungrow Power Supply Co., Ltd.","country":"China","model":"SBH400 (SBH series, 8 modules)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (datasheet: \"LiFePO4 Prismatic Cell\")","energy_kwh_usable":40,"energy_kwh_nominal":null,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":112,"source_url":"https://info-support.sungrowpower.com/application/pdf/2024/08/30/DS_20240329_SBH100_150_200_250_300_350_400_Datasheet_V4_EN.pdf","source_title":"SBH100/150/200/250/300/350/400 High Voltage LFP Battery — Datasheet, Version 4","source_date":"2024 (\"© 2024 Sungrow ... Version 4\"; filename DS_20240329; hosted under path dated 2024-08-30)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Top of the SBH range and the configuration the family headline \"Max.power exceeding 25kW\" most plausibly describes — but Sungrow never prints a kW number for SBH400 specifically, so power stays null. Printed rows: continuous current 50 A, nominal voltage 563.2 V, operating voltage 475.2-642.4 V. I did not multiply. Only one energy row is printed, \"Energy (useable) 40.0 kWh\" (footnote: 25C, 100% DOD, 0.2C charge&discharge); no nominal-capacity row. \"Depth of discharge: Max. 100 % DOD ( settable )\". No RTE, no cycle life. Warranty throughput 112.00 MWh from Sungrow HV Battery Limited Warranty V8.0. Other SBH sizes from the same two documents (usable energy / warranty throughput): SBH100 10.0 kWh / not listed; SBH150 15.0 kWh / not listed; SBH250 25.0 kWh / 70.00 MWh; SBH300 30.0 kWh / 84.00 MWh; SBH350 35.0 kWh / 98.00 MWh. SBH100 and SBH150 are absent from that warranty's covered-model list and throughput table even though they appear in its test-condition appendix — do not assume they carry the same terms.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"sungrow-power-supply-co-ltd--sbr096-sbr-series-3-modules","maker":"Sungrow Power Supply Co., Ltd.","maker_full":"Sungrow Power Supply Co., Ltd.","country":"China","model":"SBR096 (SBR series, 3 modules)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (datasheet: \"LiFePO4 Prismatic Cell\")","energy_kwh_usable":9.6,"energy_kwh_nominal":9.6,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":5.76,"power_kw_charge":5.76,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":26.88,"source_url":"https://aus.sungrowpower.com/upload/file/20210322/DS_SBR096%20SBR128%20SBR160%20SBR192%20SBR224%20SBR256%20Datasheet_V1.2_EN.pdf","source_title":"SBR096/128/160/192/224/256 High Voltage LFP Battery — Datasheet, Version 1.2","source_date":"2021 (\"© 2021 Sungrow ... Version 1.2\"; hosted under path dated 2021-03-22)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"The datasheet gives BOTH \"Nominal Capacity 9.6 kWh\" and \"Energy (usable) 9.6 kWh\" as separate printed rows plus \"Depth of Discharge 100%\" — I did not multiply anything. Usable-energy footnote: \"Test conditions: 25C, 100% depth of discharge (DOD), 0.2C charge&discharge\". Power: 5.76 kW is the printed \"Rated DC power\" row; the datasheet separately prints \"Max. charge/discharge power 6.57 kW\" and \"Max. charging/discharging current: continuous 30 A\" / \"10s pulse 42 A\". Charge and discharge ratings are identical. NO round-trip efficiency and NO cycle-life figure appear anywhere on this datasheet — I also checked the Sungrow SBR product page and the Sungrow HV Battery Limited Warranty V8.0, neither states RTE or a cycle count. Warranty throughput 26.88 MWh is from Sungrow's own warranty document (https://service.sungrowpower.com.au/New%20knowledge%20base%20file/warranty/WD_202410_Term_Sungrow%20HV%20Battery%20Limited%20Warranty_V8.0.pdf), \"Cumulative Discharging Energy Throughput table\", measured \"at the battery output at inverter side, under the standard capacity test conditions\"; that document is Australia-only and covers SBR064-SBR256 and SBH200-SBH400. IMPORTANT FOR ARBITRAGE: that warranty gives unlimited cycles ONLY for \"Daily self-consumption\" and \"Backup\"; any other application (which is what price arbitrage is) is capped by the 26.88 MWh throughput figure.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"sungrow-power-supply-co-ltd--sbr256-sbr-series-8-modules","maker":"Sungrow Power Supply Co., Ltd.","maker_full":"Sungrow Power Supply Co., Ltd.","country":"China","model":"SBR256 (SBR series, 8 modules)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"LFP (datasheet: \"LiFePO4 Prismatic Cell\")","energy_kwh_usable":25.6,"energy_kwh_nominal":25.6,"dod_fraction":1,"power_kw_discharge":15.36,"power_kw_charge":15.36,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":71.68,"source_url":"https://aus.sungrowpower.com/upload/file/20210322/DS_SBR096%20SBR128%20SBR160%20SBR192%20SBR224%20SBR256%20Datasheet_V1.2_EN.pdf","source_title":"SBR096/128/160/192/224/256 High Voltage LFP Battery — Datasheet, Version 1.2","source_date":"2021 (\"© 2021 Sungrow ... Version 1.2\"; hosted under path dated 2021-03-22)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Top of the SBR range. Datasheet prints \"Nominal Capacity 25.6 kWh\", \"Energy (usable) 25.6 kWh\" and \"Depth of Discharge 100%\" as three separate rows — no multiplication by me. 15.36 kW is the printed \"Rated DC power\"; \"Max. charge/discharge power 17.52 kW\" is printed separately, with continuous current 30 A and nominal voltage 512 V. No RTE and no cycle life on the datasheet, the product page, or the warranty document. Warranty throughput 71.68 MWh from the Sungrow HV Battery Limited Warranty V8.0 throughput table (Australia-only document). Same arbitrage caveat as SBR096: unlimited cycles apply only to self-consumption/backup; arbitrage falls under the throughput cap. Intermediate SBR sizes from the same table, all with usable = nominal and 100% DoD: SBR128 12.8 kWh / 7.68 kW rated / 35.84 MWh; SBR160 16.0 kWh / 9.6 kW / 44.80 MWh; SBR192 19.2 kWh / 11.52 kW / 53.76 MWh; SBR224 22.4 kWh / 13.44 kW / 62.72 MWh.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"sungrow-power-supply-co-ltd--st2236ux-powertitan-1st-generation","maker":"Sungrow Power Supply Co., Ltd.","maker_full":"Sungrow Power Supply Co., Ltd.","country":"China","model":"ST2236UX (PowerTitan, 1st generation)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale","chemistry":"LFP (datasheet row: \"Cell type LFP\")","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":2236,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://info-support.sungrowpower.com/datasheet-materials/441038a7-4336-4a72-b3d6-428777d0e38b.pdf","source_title":"ST2236UX — Liquid Cooling Battery Energy Storage System Container, Datasheet Version 17","source_date":"2024 (\"© 2024 Sungrow ... Version 17\")","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"POWER IS NULL BY DESIGN, NOT BY OVERSIGHT: the ST2236UX is a DC battery container with no inverter inside it. The datasheet's only power figures belong to the separate PCS/transformer skid it is paired with — it prints \"1 HOURS APPLICATION-ST2236UX*2-4000UD-MV\", \"BOL kWh (DC) 4,472 kWh\", \"PCS Model SC4000UD-MV\" and \"Transformer rated power 4,000 kVA\" for a TWO-container block. Any per-container kW would be my own division, so I left it null; an arbitrage model must take power from the chosen PCS, not from this document. ENERGY LABEL: the printed row is \"Battery capacity (BOL) 2236 kWh\" — beginning-of-life, which is neither \"nominal\" nor \"usable\" in the usual sense, and no depth-of-discharge or usable-energy row exists. Battery voltage range 1123 V ~ 1500 V. No RTE, no cycle life, no warranty on the datasheet; the Sungrow UK product page (https://www.sungrowpower.com/uk/en/products/utility-energy-storage-system/st2236ux) headlines only capacity, DC voltage, temperature range and PCS model. The datasheet's only efficiency language is the marketing line \"Intelligent liquid cooling ensures higher efficiency and longer battery cycle life\" — no number.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"sungrow-power-supply-co-ltd--st225kwh-110kw-2h-powerstack-200cs","maker":"Sungrow Power Supply Co., Ltd.","maker_full":"Sungrow Power Supply Co., Ltd.","country":"China","model":"ST225kWh-110kW-2h (PowerStack 200CS)","segment":"commercial","segment_raw":"commercial","chemistry":"LFP (datasheet row: \"Cell type LFP\"; configuration \"256S1P\")","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":229,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":110,"power_kw_charge":110,"round_trip_efficiency":0.9,"efficiency_conditions":"Sungrow product page states \"System RTE: 90%\"; the PowerStack 200CS factsheet states \"System RTE ≥ 90%\". Neither states temperature, C-rate, state-of-life or AC/DC measurement point. Separately the datasheet quotes the PCS alone at \"max.efficiency 98.6 %\" — that is converter efficiency only, not system round-trip.","cycle_life":6500,"cycle_life_conditions":"Stated only as \"Sungrow guarantees 6,500 cycles for the battery system\" in the FAQ of the Sungrow-copyright PowerStack 200CS distribution brochure (© 2025 Sungrow, Version 1.0). NO depth of discharge, temperature, C-rate or end-of-life retention is given, and the brochure defers to a separate \"Distribution Warranty Document\" that I could not retrieve.","warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://ger.sungrowpower.com/upload/file/20241108/EN_DS_ST225kWh-110kW-2h_PowerStack_Datasheet.pdf","source_title":"ST225kWh-110kW-2h — PowerStack Liquid Cooled Commercial Energy Storage System, Datasheet Version 1.1 (EUROPE)","source_date":"2024 (\"© 2024 Sungrow ... Version 1.1\"; hosted under path dated 2024-11-08)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"NAME/NUMBER MISMATCH WORTH KNOWING: the model is called ST225kWh but the datasheet's printed \"Nominal capacity\" row says 229 kWh, and Sungrow's own product page also headlines \"Battery Capacity 229 kWh\". Use 229 as the nominal figure; 225 is only the model name. USABLE ENERGY IS NOT PUBLISHED — the datasheet prints no usable-energy row and no depth-of-discharge row, so an arbitrage model must not assume 229 kWh is dischargeable. 110 kW is the printed \"Nominal power\" on the AC side; the datasheet does not differentiate charge from discharge power, so both fields carry the same figure. Warranty period is not stated on the datasheet, the factsheet, or the product page. RTE 90% confirmed at https://www.sungrowpower.com/en/products/c-i-energy-storage-system/b-st225kwh-110kw-2h; cycle life from https://www.coenergia.com/Apps/WebObjects/Coenergia.woa/wa/downloadFile?path=c7076bafab84d1faaa7f66196dfe5843 (Sungrow-authored brochure hosted on a distributor site — treat as weaker than a datasheet).","spot_verified":null},{"id":"sungrow-power-supply-co-ltd--st2752ux-us-powertitan-1st-generation-north-amer","maker":"Sungrow Power Supply Co., Ltd.","maker_full":"Sungrow Power Supply Co., Ltd.","country":"China","model":"ST2752UX-US (PowerTitan, 1st generation, North America)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale","chemistry":"LFP (datasheet row: \"Cell type LFP\")","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":2752,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://info-support.sungrowpower.com/application/pdf/2022/06/21/DS_20220225_ST2752UX-US_Datasheet_V15_EN.pdf","source_title":"ST2752UX-US — Liquid Cooling Energy Storage System, 2-8 hour application (marked \"Preliminary\"), Datasheet Version 15","source_date":"2022 (\"© 2022 Sungrow ... Version 15\"; filename DS_20220225, i.e. revision 2022-02-25; hosted under path dated 2022-06-21)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"The datasheet is stamped \"Preliminary\" on its cover — treat every figure as provisional. Same structure as the ST2236UX: a DC battery container with no internal inverter, so no kW rating of its own. The datasheet's block-level rows are \"2 HOURS APPLICATION-ST2752UX*4-5000UD-MV-US / BOL kWh(DC/AC LV Side) 11,008kWh DC/10,379kWh AC / ST2752UX Quantity 4 / PCS Model SC5000UD-MV-US\" and \"4 HOURS APPLICATION-ST2752UX*8-5000UD-MV-US / 22,016kWh/21,448kWh / Quantity 8\", with \"Transformer rated power 5,000 kVA\". Deriving a per-container kW would require dividing the skid rating, so power stays null. ENERGY: printed row is \"Battery capacity (BOL) 2752 kWh\" — beginning-of-life; no usable-energy row and no depth-of-discharge row. Battery voltage range 1160 ~ 1500 V. NO round-trip efficiency, cycle life or warranty appears on this datasheet or on Sungrow's US PowerTitan page. I did find a third-party equipment database (equip-db.com) claiming 89% round-trip efficiency for PowerTitan 1.0, but I could not confirm that against any Sungrow document, so I am NOT reporting it — do not let it into the app.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"sungrow-power-supply-co-ltd--st455kwh-110kw-4h-powerstack-200cs","maker":"Sungrow Power Supply Co., Ltd.","maker_full":"Sungrow Power Supply Co., Ltd.","country":"China","model":"ST455kWh-110kW-4h (PowerStack 200CS)","segment":"commercial","segment_raw":"commercial","chemistry":"LFP (datasheet row: \"Cell type LFP 3.2 V / 280 Ah\"; configuration \"256S2P\")","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":458,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":110,"power_kw_charge":110,"round_trip_efficiency":0.9,"efficiency_conditions":"Sungrow product page states \"System RTE: 90%\". No temperature, C-rate, state-of-life or AC/DC measurement point given. The datasheet separately quotes the PCS alone at \"max.efficiency 98.5 %\" — converter efficiency only, not system round-trip.","cycle_life":6500,"cycle_life_conditions":"Same PowerStack 200CS series FAQ statement as the 2h model: \"Sungrow guarantees 6,500 cycles for the battery system\", with no DoD, temperature or retention conditions given. The brochure addresses the 200CS series as a whole rather than this model number specifically.","warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://info-support.sungrowpower.com/application/pdf/2024/11/30/DS_20241106_ST455kWh-110kW-4h_Datasheet_V3_EN%EF%BC%88EUR%EF%BC%89.pdf","source_title":"ST455kWh-110kW-4h — PowerStack Liquid Cooled Commercial Energy Storage System, Datasheet Version 3 (EUR)","source_date":"2024 (\"© 2024 Sungrow ... Version 3\"; filename DS_20241106; hosted under path dated 2024-11-30)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Same naming quirk as the 2h unit: model name says 455 kWh, the datasheet's printed \"Nominal capacity\" row says 458 kWh, and Sungrow's product page headlines \"Battery Capacity 458 kWh\". No usable-energy row and no depth-of-discharge row anywhere on the datasheet, so usable energy and DoD are genuine gaps — do not infer them from the nominal figure. 110 kW is the printed AC-side \"Nominal power\", identical for charge and discharge as far as the datasheet says. This is the same 110 kW PCS as the 2h model with double the battery, i.e. roughly a 0.25C system. Warranty period not stated on the datasheet or the product page. RTE from https://www.sungrowpower.com/en/products/c-i-energy-storage-system/b-st455kwh-110kw-4h.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"sungrow-power-supply-co-ltd--st5015ux-2h-us-powertitan-2-0-north-america","maker":"Sungrow Power Supply Co., Ltd.","maker_full":"Sungrow Power Supply Co., Ltd.","country":"China","model":"ST5015UX-2H-US (PowerTitan 2.0, North America)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale","chemistry":"LFP (datasheet rows: \"Cell type LFP\", \"3.2 V / 314 Ah\"; configuration \"416S12P\")","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":5015,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":2520,"power_kw_charge":2520,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://info-support.sungrowpower.com/application/pdf/2024/12/07/ST5015UX-2H-US_ST5015UX-4H-US%20Datasheet.pdf","source_title":"ST5015UX-2H-US / ST5015UX-4H-US — PowerTitan 2.0 Liquid Cooled Energy Storage System, Datasheet Version 5","source_date":"2024 (\"© 2024 Sungrow ... Version 5\"; hosted under path dated 2024-12-07)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"POWER UNIT WARNING: 2520 is kVA, not kW. The datasheet prints \"Nominal AC power: 210 kVA * 12\" (twelve integrated string PCS) and Sungrow's own product page headlines \"Nominal AC Power: 2520 kVA\" — so the 2520 figure is Sungrow's, not my arithmetic. But Sungrow publishes no kW figure; at the stated \"Power factor > 0.99 ( Nominal Power )\" real power is marginally below 2520 kW. The datasheet does not differentiate charge from discharge power. ENERGY: printed row is \"Nominal capacity 5015 kWh\" — there is no usable-energy row and no depth-of-discharge row, so usable energy is a real gap; unlike the residential SBR/SBH sheets, this one gives no basis for treating nominal as dischargeable. Nominal voltage range 1123.2 V ~ 1497.6 V; this unit is transformerless with 690 V AC output. NO RTE FOR THE 2H VARIANT: Sungrow's PowerTitan 2.0 white paper quotes \"up to 92.5%\" explicitly \"for 4 hour solutions\" only, so I did not carry that number over to this 2-hour model. No cycle life or warranty on the datasheet or the product pages (https://www.sungrowpower.com/en/products/utility-energy-storage-system/b-st5015ux-2h-us).","spot_verified":null},{"id":"sungrow-power-supply-co-ltd--st5015ux-4h-us-powertitan-2-0-north-america","maker":"Sungrow Power Supply Co., Ltd.","maker_full":"Sungrow Power Supply Co., Ltd.","country":"China","model":"ST5015UX-4H-US (PowerTitan 2.0, North America)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale","chemistry":"LFP (datasheet rows: \"Cell type LFP\", \"3.2 V / 314 Ah\"; configuration \"416S12P\")","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":5015,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":1260,"power_kw_charge":1260,"round_trip_efficiency":0.925,"efficiency_conditions":"Sungrow Americas PowerTitan 2.0 white paper (2024) states the system \"boasts an RTE up to 92.5% for 4 hour solutions, with long duration options of 2 to 8 hours available\", and calls it \"an enhancement of 2% from the first-generation PowerTitan\". This is an \"up to\" marketing claim in a white paper, NOT a datasheet specification: no temperature, C-rate, state-of-life, auxiliary-load treatment or AC/DC measurement point is stated. Source: https://us.sungrowpower.com/upload/file/20240821/PowerTitan%202%20WhitePaper.pdf. The ST5015UX datasheet itself states no RTE at all. Treat 92.5% as an optimistic ceiling and derate for an arbitrage P&L.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://info-support.sungrowpower.com/application/pdf/2024/12/07/ST5015UX-2H-US_ST5015UX-4H-US%20Datasheet.pdf","source_title":"ST5015UX-2H-US / ST5015UX-4H-US — PowerTitan 2.0 Liquid Cooled Energy Storage System, Datasheet Version 5","source_date":"2024 (\"© 2024 Sungrow ... Version 5\"; hosted under path dated 2024-12-07)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"POWER UNIT WARNING: 1260 is kVA, not kW. The datasheet prints \"Nominal AC power: 210 kVA * 6\" (six integrated string PCS — half as many as the 2h variant, same battery), and Sungrow's ST5015UX-4H product page independently headlines \"Nominal AC power: 1260 kVA\", so the figure is Sungrow's own. No kW figure is published; power factor is stated as \"> 0.99 ( Nominal Power )\". Charge and discharge power are not differentiated. ENERGY: only \"Nominal capacity 5015 kWh\" is printed — no usable-energy row, no depth-of-discharge row. Cycle life and warranty are absent from the datasheet, both product pages and the white paper; the white paper's only durability language is qualitative (\"prolonging system life\", \"mitigating unnecessary degradation\"), with no cycle count and no capacity-retention curve.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"tesla-energy--megapack-1st-generation","maker":"Tesla Energy","maker_full":"Tesla Energy (Tesla, Inc.)","country":"USA","model":"Megapack (1st generation)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale / container","chemistry":"Lithium-ion — specific chemistry NOT stated. Datasheet says only \"Lithium-Ion Cells — NRTL listed to UL 1642\".","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":2958,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":739.5,"power_kw_charge":739.5,"round_trip_efficiency":0.905,"efficiency_conditions":"Datasheet column \"Roundtrip System Efficiency\": 4 Hour Standard and 4 Hour Light = 90.5%; 2 Hour Standard and 2 Hour Light = 87.0%. Footnote 1: \"Nominal energy at 25°C (77°F) including thermal management loads, Day 1\". 0.905 recorded for the 4-hour Standard configuration; use 0.87 if modelling a 2-hour build.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":"Not stated anywhere in the document.","warranty_years":15,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://docs.planning.org.uk/20210319/202/QPV6H7SOJ8900/zisuxgvois9byi3q.pdf","source_title":"Tesla MEGAPACK Datasheet, REV. 1.3.0 (Tesla-branded PDF filed as a UK planning application document)","source_date":"REV. 1.3.0 — no date printed on the document; the hosting planning filing is dated 2021-03-19 in its URL path","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"ALL FOUR STANDARD CONFIGURATIONS, verbatim (AC Power / Energy Available per Megapack, Roundtrip System Efficiency): 2 Hour Light 1005.5 kW / 2011 kWh / 87.0%; 2 Hour Standard 1257 kW / 2514 kWh / 87.0%; 4 Hour Light 522 kW / 2088 kWh / 90.5%; 4 Hour Standard 739.5 kW / 2958 kWh / 90.5%. Charge and discharge power are not listed separately — the datasheet gives one \"AC Power\" figure and \"Continuous Charge/Discharge Duration 2 to 6+ hours\", so I recorded the same value for both. Warranty: prose only, \"includes a standard system warranty of up to 15 years\" and \"covered by a standard warranty of up to 15 years, with the option of a 20-year Capacity Maintenance Agreement (CMA) in certain cases\" — no warranty table, no energy-retention percentage, no throughput. The document carries the disclaimer \"Specifications shown here are indicative and subject to change.\" NOT stated: cycle life, DoD, usable-vs-nominal split, chemistry. Operating ambient -30°C to 50°C. This generation is superseded but is what is installed at many 2020-2022 sites. Tesla no longer hosts this PDF; I retrieved it from a UK planning portal, which is why the revision has no visible date.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"tesla-energy--megapack-2","maker":"Tesla Energy","maker_full":"Tesla Energy (Tesla, Inc.)","country":"USA","model":"Megapack 2","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale / container","chemistry":"Lithium-ion — specific chemistry NOT stated. Datasheet says only \"Lithium-Ion Cells — NRTL listed to UL 1642\".","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":3085.6,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":771.4,"power_kw_charge":771.4,"round_trip_efficiency":0.94,"efficiency_conditions":"Datasheet column \"Round-Trip System Efficiency\": 4-Hour Maximum and 4-Hour Standard = 94%; 2-Hour Maximum and 2-Hour Standard = 92%. Body text: \"Round-trip efficiency is specified for a full-depth cycle and includes all power conversion and thermal system losses during the cycle.\" Footnote 1: \"Nominal energy and RTE at 25°C (77°F) including thermal management loads, Day 1\". 0.94 recorded for the 4-hour configuration; use 0.92 for a 2-hour build.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":"Not stated anywhere in the document.","warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://marketingdocuments.energytoolbase.com/marketing/TeslaMegapack2Datasheet.pdf","source_title":"MEGAPACK 2 DATASHEET — REV. 1.0 — August 6, 2021 (Tesla-branded PDF, tesla.com/megapack in footer)","source_date":"2021-08-06","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"ALL STANDARD CONFIGURATIONS, verbatim (AC Power / Energy per Megapack): 2-Hour 1297.6 kW / 2595.2 kWh; 2-Hour CMA Only 1459.8 kW / 2919.6 kWh; 4-Hour 771.4 kW / 3085.6 kWh. Inverter Power per Megapack at 480 V AC: 2-Hour Maximum 1680 kVA, 2-Hour Standard 1600 | 1500 | 1400 kVA, 4-Hour Maximum 997.5 kVA, 4-Hour Standard 900 | 800 kVA. Charge and discharge are not rated separately; one AC power figure, recorded for both. NO WARRANTY SECTION on this datasheet — warranty_years is null rather than assumed; the sheet only notes \"Supports Capacity Maintenance Agreements (CMA)\". The document carries the disclaimer \"Specifications are preliminary and subject to change.\" NOT stated: cycle life, DoD, usable-vs-nominal split, chemistry. Operating ambient -30°C to 50°C; max weight 30,500 kg. HOST CAVEAT: this is Tesla's own datasheet PDF (Tesla branding, Tesla revision number and date, tesla.com/megapack footer) but Tesla no longer publishes it; I retrieved it from a third-party marketing-document mirror. The content is manufacturer-authored; the host is not Tesla.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"tesla-energy--megapack-2-xl","maker":"Tesla Energy","maker_full":"Tesla Energy (Tesla, Inc.)","country":"USA","model":"Megapack 2 XL","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale / container","chemistry":"Lithium-ion — specific chemistry NOT stated. Datasheet says only \"Cells — NRTL listed to UL 1642\". The commonly repeated \"LFP\" is third-party, not in this document.","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":3916,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":979,"power_kw_charge":979,"round_trip_efficiency":0.937,"efficiency_conditions":"Datasheet row \"Round-Trip Efficiency\", footnote 2: \"Full-depth cycle including all power conversion and thermal system losses, at 25°C (77°F)\". Three values are given and they differ by duration AND cell option: 2-Hour C010/C011 = 91.7%; 4-Hour C010/C011 = 93.7%; 4-Hour C012 = 91.8%. 0.937 recorded for the 4-Hour C010/C011 configuration.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":"Not stated anywhere in the document. The circulating \"3,000-5,000 cycles\" figure appears only in blogs and equipment-aggregator sites, never in this datasheet.","warranty_years":15,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/csc/3_petitions-medialibrary/petitions_medialibrary/mediapetitionnos1601-1700/pe1699/petitionersubmissions/filing/exhibit-b---equipment-specification-sheet.pdf","source_title":"MEGAPACK 2 XL DATASHEET — REV. 1.9 — February 12, 2025 (Tesla-branded PDF filed as Exhibit B, Connecticut Siting Council petition PE1699)","source_date":"2025-02-12","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"ALL THREE STANDARD CONFIGURATIONS, verbatim (AC Power / Energy per Megapack): 2-Hour C010/C011 1927 kW / 3854 kWh; 4-Hour C010/C011 979 kW / 3916 kWh; 4-Hour C012 1042 kW / 4170 kWh. Body text: \"Nominal energy is specified at 25°C (77°F).\" Inverter Power per Megapack: 2-Hour Max C010/C011 2400 kVA; 4-Hour Max C010/C011 1320 kVA; 4-Hour Max C012 1320 kVA; footnote 1: \"Scalable from 400 kVA minimum in increments of 50 kVA\". Charge and discharge are not rated separately; one AC power figure, recorded for both. Warranty verbatim: Coverage \"All-inclusive, equipment and energy retention\", Term \"15 years standard, extendable to 20 years\" — no retention percentage and no MWh throughput are given, so warranty_throughput_mwh is null. NOT stated: cycle life, DoD, usable-vs-nominal split, chemistry. Operating ambient -30°C to 50°C; max weight 38,100 kg; enclosure 8800 x 1650 x 2785 mm. REVISION DRIFT — the RTE number moved between revisions and an old PDF will give the wrong answer: REV. 1.5.1 (2023-02-10) says 2-Hour 92.0% / 4-Hour 93.7%; REV. 1.6 (2023-04-21) says 91.7% / 93.7%; REV. 1.9 (2025-02-12, used here) says 91.7% / 93.7% / 91.8%. I opened all three. HOST CAVEAT: Tesla-authored datasheet retrieved from a state regulator's filing rather than tesla.com, because tesla.com/megapack returns HTTP 403 to automated fetches.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"tesla-energy--powerwall-2-ac","maker":"Tesla Energy","maker_full":"Tesla Energy (Tesla, Inc.)","country":"USA","model":"Powerwall 2 (AC)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"Lithium-ion — cathode chemistry NOT stated. Datasheet says only \"rechargeable lithium-ion battery pack\" and \"UL 1642\" cell listing. Any \"NMC\" claim is third-party, not from this document.","energy_kwh_usable":13.5,"energy_kwh_nominal":14,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":5,"power_kw_charge":5,"round_trip_efficiency":0.9,"efficiency_conditions":"Datasheet row \"Round Trip Efficiency 90%\" with footnotes 1 and 3: \"Values provided for 25°C (77°F), 3.3 kW charge/discharge power\" and \"AC to battery to AC, at beginning of life\". This IS a true AC-to-AC round trip — usable directly for grid-charge arbitrage, unlike the Powerwall 3 figure.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":"No cycle count anywhere in the datasheet. Tesla's Powerwall Limited Warranty (USA) Rev. 2.6 instead states an Operating Limitation: \"Unlimited cycles\" for solar self-consumption / time-based control / backup, and \"37.8 MWh of aggregate throughput\" (measured at the battery AC output) for any other application.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":37.8,"source_url":"https://energylibrary.tesla.com/docs/Public/EnergyStorage/Powerwall/2/Datasheet/en-us/Powerwall-2-Datasheet.pdf","source_title":"Powerwall 2 Datasheet — Tesla Energy Library (footer: NA - BACKUP - 2024-07-02)","source_date":"2024-07-02","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"Other stated values: Real Power peak (10 s, off-grid/backup) 7 kW charge and discharge; Apparent Power max continuous 5.8 kVA, peak 7.2 kVA; internal battery DC voltage 50 V; weight 114 kg. NOT stated: cycle life, DoD, cathem chemistry, calendar degradation curve. DERATING TRAP for a Ukrainian winter model: footnote 5 says \"Performance may be de-rated at operating temperatures below 10°C (50°F) or greater than 43°C (109°F)\" — do not assume 5 kW charge at -5°C. Warranty years/throughput come from a SEPARATE Tesla document: Tesla Powerwall Limited Warranty (USA), Rev. 2.6, Effective Date May 6, 2026, https://energylibrary.tesla.com/docs/Public/EnergyStorage/Powerwall/General/Warranty/en-us/Powerwall-Warranty-EN.pdf — energy retention 70% at 10 years.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"tesla-energy--powerwall-3","maker":"Tesla Energy","maker_full":"Tesla Energy (Tesla, Inc.)","country":"USA","model":"Powerwall 3","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"NOT stated. The 4-page datasheet has no chemistry row. Widely repeated \"LFP\" claims are from third parties, not from any Tesla document I opened.","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":13.5,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":11.5,"power_kw_charge":5,"round_trip_efficiency":0.89,"efficiency_conditions":"WARNING — THIS IS NOT AN AC ROUND-TRIP FIGURE. The datasheet has no AC-to-AC round-trip row at all. 0.89 is the row \"Solar to Battery to Home/Grid Efficiency 89%\", footnotes 1 and 4: \"Values provided for 25°C (77°F), at beginning of life. 3.3 kW charge/discharge power\" and \"Typical solar shifting use case\". It measures the DC-solar → battery → AC path, so it includes PV conversion and excludes the AC→DC step a grid-charging arbitrage cycle actually performs. The other row, \"Solar to Home/Grid Efficiency 97.5%\" (footnote 5: \"Tested using CEC weighted efficiency methodology\"), is straight PV-inverter efficiency with no battery involved — it is NOT a round trip and must never be used as one.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":"No cycle count in the datasheet. Warranty document: \"Unlimited cycles\" for solar self-consumption / time-based control / backup; \"37.8 MWh of aggregate throughput\" for any other application.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":37.8,"source_url":"https://energylibrary.tesla.com/docs/Public/EnergyStorage/Powerwall/3/Datasheet/en-us/Powerwall-3-Datasheet.pdf","source_title":"Powerwall 3 Datasheet — Tesla Energy Library (page footer year: 2025)","source_date":"2025","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"ASYMMETRIC POWER — THE SINGLE BIGGEST ARBITRAGE TRAP IN THIS CATALOGUE. Discharge: \"Nominal Output Power (AC)\" is grid-code selectable at 5.8 / 7.6 / 10 / 11.5 kW (11.5 kW recorded). Charge: \"Maximum Continuous Charge Current / Power (Powerwall 3 only) 20.8 A AC / 5 kW\", rising to \"33.3 A AC / 8 kW\" only with up to three Expansion units attached. A model that assumes symmetric power will let the battery fill in ~1.2 h when the real cheap-hour window needed is ~2.7 h. Also stated: configurable max continuous discharge off-grid 15.4 kW (PV only, -20°C to 25°C, requires 80 A breaker); max solar STC input 20 kW; scalability up to 4 Powerwall 3 units and up to 3 Expansion units (max 7 units total). Energy is labelled \"Nominal Battery Energy 13.5 kWh AC\" — there is NO separate usable figure, so do not present 13.5 as usable. Tesla's warranty calls 13.5 kWh the \"energy capacity ... on its initial installation date\". NOT stated: cycle life, DoD, chemistry, degradation curve. DERATING: footnote 9, \"Performance may be de-rated at operating temperatures above 40°C (104°F)\"; operating range -20°C to 50°C. Warranty values from the separate Tesla Powerwall Limited Warranty (USA) Rev. 2.6, 2026-05-06.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"tesla-energy--powerwall","maker":"Tesla Energy","maker_full":"Tesla Energy (Tesla, Inc.)","country":"USA","model":"Powerwall+","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"residential","chemistry":"NOT stated in the datasheet. No chemistry row at all.","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":13.5,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":5,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.9,"efficiency_conditions":"Datasheet row \"Round Trip Efficiency 90%\" with footnotes 1 and 6: \"Values provided for 25°C (77°F), 3.3 kW charge/discharge power\" and \"AC to battery to AC, at beginning of life\". A true AC-to-AC round trip. The separate row \"Solar Generation CEC Efficiency 97.5% at 208 V / 98.0% at 240 V\" is the PV inverter's conversion efficiency — NOT a storage round trip; do not use it for arbitrage.","cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":"No cycle count in the datasheet. Warranty document gives \"Unlimited cycles\" for solar self-consumption / time-based control / backup, and a 37.8 MWh aggregate-throughput limit for any other application.","warranty_years":10,"warranty_throughput_mwh":37.8,"source_url":"https://energylibrary.tesla.com/docs/Public/EnergyStorage/Powerwall/+/Datasheet/en-us/Powerwall-+-Datasheet.pdf","source_title":"Powerwall+ Datasheet — Tesla Energy Library (page footer year: 2024)","source_date":"2024","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"POWER IS SUN-DEPENDENT and the datasheet states it in kVA, not kW. Verbatim: \"Maximum Continuous Power On-Grid: 7.6 kVA with sun / 5.8 kVA no sun\", footnote 2: \"7.6 kW with sun / 5 kW no sun at power factor of 1\". Off-grid: 9.6 kW with sun / 7 kW no sun; peak off-grid (10 s) 22 kW full sun / 10 kW no sun. I recorded power_kw_discharge = 5.0 kW because that is the no-sun real-power figure, which is the only one valid for night-time discharge in an arbitrage model. A dedicated CHARGE power rating is NOT stated (unlike Powerwall 3) — the 3.3 kW in footnote 1 is the test condition for the energy and efficiency ratings, not a charge limit, and must not be used as one. Also NOT stated: usable-vs-nominal split (only \"Nominal Battery Energy 13.5 kWh\"), cycle life, DoD, chemistry. Warranty values from the separate Tesla Powerwall Limited Warranty (USA) Rev. 2.6, 2026-05-06.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"victron-energy-b-v--lithium-battery-smart-lfp-smart-12-8-100-12-8-v-","maker":"Victron Energy B.V.","maker_full":"Victron Energy B.V.","country":"Netherlands","model":"Lithium Battery Smart LFP-Smart 12,8/100 (12.8 V / 100 Ah)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"Residential / off-grid & mobile 12 V DC. NOTE: this segment label is MY classification — the datasheet never uses the words residential/commercial/utility-scale. It describes applications as off-grid solar and/or wind, yacht and mobile home.","chemistry":"LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate, LiFePO4). Datasheet: 'Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries'. A single LFP cell is 3.2 V nominal; a 12.8 V battery is 4 cells in series.","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":1.28,"dod_fraction":0.8,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.92,"efficiency_conditions":"Datasheet spec-table row 'Round trip efficiency: 92 %', applied to every model in the table. The datasheet prose defines round-trip energy efficiency as 'discharge from 100 % to 0 % and back to 100 % charged'. NO temperature, C-rate or test standard is stated for this figure. Separately the prose claims 'a LFP battery will still achieve 90 % efficiency under shallow discharge conditions' — also without stated conditions.","cycle_life":2500,"cycle_life_conditions":"Table header: 'CYCLE LIFE (capacity >= 80 % of nominal)'. Full ladder as printed: 2500 cycles @ 80 % DoD; 3000 cycles @ 70 % DoD; 5000 cycles @ 50 % DoD. No temperature given on the cycle-life rows themselves; the adjacent degradation rows are quoted '@ 25 degC, 100 % DoD: <1 % per 100 cycles' for both capacity loss and energy loss.","warranty_years":3,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.victronenergy.com/upload/documents/Datasheet-12,8-&-25,6-Volt-lithium-iron-phosphate-batteries-Smart-EN.pdf","source_title":"12,8 & 25,6 Volt Lithium-Iron-Phosphate Batteries Smart — Victron Energy datasheet (EN)","source_date":"2024-08-26 (PDF file CreationDate metadata; NO revision number or publication date is printed on the datasheet itself)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"USABLE ENERGY: not stated anywhere. The datasheet gives only 'Nominal energy @ 25 degC: 1280 Wh' (plus derated nominal CAPACITY 80 Ah @ 0 degC and 50 Ah @ -20 degC, discharge current <=1C). Do not multiply 1.28 kWh by the 0.8 dod_fraction — that 80 % is the DoD the 2500-cycle figure is TESTED at, not a manufacturer-stated usable-energy limit. POWER: no kW figure is stated; the datasheet gives current only. Discharge: maximum continuous 200 A, recommended continuous <=100 A. Charge: maximum 200 A, recommended <=50 A. I deliberately left power_kw null rather than compute 12.8 V x A, because nominal-voltage x current is a derivation the document does not make. WARRANTY: not in the datasheet — the 3 years comes from the separate Victron Energy limited warranty policy (https://www.victronenergy.com/upload/documents/Victron-Energy-Limited-Warranty-Policy.pdf): 'Lithium batteries: 3 years from date of purchase by the original end-user, with a maximum of 42 months from the Victron Energy invoice date.' No MWh throughput warranty exists in any Victron document I opened. SYSTEM CAVEAT: this is a bare DC battery module, not a turnkey BESS — it has no inverter and requires a separately purchased external BMS (the datasheet lists 6 BMS models). Real charge/discharge power in an arbitrage system is set by the MultiPlus/Quattro inverter, not by this battery.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"victron-energy-b-v--lithium-battery-smart-lfp-smart-12-8-200-12-8-v-","maker":"Victron Energy B.V.","maker_full":"Victron Energy B.V.","country":"Netherlands","model":"Lithium Battery Smart LFP-Smart 12,8/200 (12.8 V / 200 Ah)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"Residential / off-grid & mobile 12 V DC. My classification, not the datasheet's.","chemistry":"LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate, LiFePO4), 4 cells in series","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":2.56,"dod_fraction":0.8,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.92,"efficiency_conditions":"Spec-table row 'Round trip efficiency: 92 %', no temperature or C-rate stated. Defined in prose as discharge 100 % -> 0 % and back to 100 %.","cycle_life":2500,"cycle_life_conditions":"'CYCLE LIFE (capacity >= 80 % of nominal)': 2500 cycles @ 80 % DoD; 3000 @ 70 % DoD; 5000 @ 50 % DoD. Capacity/energy loss <1 % per 100 cycles @ 25 degC, 100 % DoD.","warranty_years":3,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.victronenergy.com/upload/documents/Datasheet-12,8-&-25,6-Volt-lithium-iron-phosphate-batteries-Smart-EN.pdf","source_title":"12,8 & 25,6 Volt Lithium-Iron-Phosphate Batteries Smart — Victron Energy datasheet (EN)","source_date":"2024-08-26 (PDF CreationDate metadata; no printed revision date)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"USABLE ENERGY: not stated. Datasheet gives 'Nominal energy @ 25 degC: 2560 Wh' only (nominal capacity derates to 160 Ah @ 0 degC and 100 Ah @ -20 degC, discharge <=1C). POWER: current only — discharge maximum continuous 400 A, recommended continuous <=200 A; charge maximum 400 A, recommended <=100 A. Left as null rather than multiply by nominal voltage. Internal resistance 0.8 mOhm, end-of-discharge voltage 11.2 V, 20 kg. WARRANTY: 3 years from the separate limited-warranty policy, not the datasheet; no throughput warranty. I cross-checked every number in this column against Victron's online technical-data page (https://www.victronenergy.com/media/pg/Lithium_Battery_Smart/en/technical-data.html) and against the PDF word x-coordinates to rule out a column mis-read — they agree. Requires a separately purchased external BMS.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"victron-energy-b-v--lithium-battery-smart-lfp-smart-12-8-330-12-8-v-","maker":"Victron Energy B.V.","maker_full":"Victron Energy B.V.","country":"Netherlands","model":"Lithium Battery Smart LFP-Smart 12,8/330 (12.8 V / 330 Ah)","segment":"commercial","segment_raw":"Residential / small-commercial off-grid 12 V DC — the largest single 12 V module in the range. My classification.","chemistry":"LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate, LiFePO4), 4 cells in series","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":4.22,"dod_fraction":0.8,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.92,"efficiency_conditions":"Spec-table row 'Round trip efficiency: 92 %', no conditions stated beyond the prose definition (100 % -> 0 % -> 100 %).","cycle_life":2500,"cycle_life_conditions":"'CYCLE LIFE (capacity >= 80 % of nominal)': 2500 @ 80 % DoD; 3000 @ 70 % DoD; 5000 @ 50 % DoD.","warranty_years":3,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.victronenergy.com/upload/documents/Datasheet-12,8-&-25,6-Volt-lithium-iron-phosphate-batteries-Smart-EN.pdf","source_title":"12,8 & 25,6 Volt Lithium-Iron-Phosphate Batteries Smart — Victron Energy datasheet (EN)","source_date":"2024-08-26 (PDF CreationDate metadata; no printed revision date)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"USABLE ENERGY: not stated; 'Nominal energy @ 25 degC: 4220 Wh' only. Note 4220 Wh is what the datasheet prints even though 12.8 V x 330 Ah = 4224 Wh — I report the printed 4220 Wh, not the arithmetic. Derated nominal capacity 260 Ah @ 0 degC, 160 Ah @ -20 degC. POWER: current only — discharge maximum continuous 400 A, recommended continuous <=300 A; charge maximum 400 A, recommended <=150 A. Left null rather than derive kW. Cells certified to UL1642 only (weaker certification set than the 12,8/200, which carries UL1973 + IEC62619 + UL9540A cells and IEC62619 + IEC62620 at battery level). Mounting restriction: upright only. 29 kg, M10 terminals. WARRANTY 3 years from the separate policy document; no throughput warranty. External BMS required.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"victron-energy-b-v--lithium-battery-smart-lfp-smart-25-6-200-a-25-6-","maker":"Victron Energy B.V.","maker_full":"Victron Energy B.V.","country":"Netherlands","model":"Lithium Battery Smart LFP-Smart 25,6/200-a (25.6 V / 200 Ah)","segment":"commercial","segment_raw":"Residential / small-commercial off-grid — the 24 V module Victron recommends for building 24 V and (two in series) 48 V banks. My classification.","chemistry":"LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate, LiFePO4), 8 cells in series","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":5.12,"dod_fraction":0.8,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.92,"efficiency_conditions":"Spec-table row 'Round trip efficiency: 92 %', no temperature or C-rate stated.","cycle_life":2500,"cycle_life_conditions":"'CYCLE LIFE (capacity >= 80 % of nominal)': 2500 @ 80 % DoD; 3000 @ 70 % DoD; 5000 @ 50 % DoD. Capacity/energy loss <1 % per 100 cycles @ 25 degC, 100 % DoD.","warranty_years":3,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.victronenergy.com/upload/documents/Datasheet-12,8-&-25,6-Volt-lithium-iron-phosphate-batteries-Smart-EN.pdf","source_title":"12,8 & 25,6 Volt Lithium-Iron-Phosphate Batteries Smart — Victron Energy datasheet (EN)","source_date":"2024-08-26 (PDF CreationDate metadata; no printed revision date)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"SOURCE CONFLICT WORTH KNOWING: the PDF datasheet prints 'Nominal energy @ 25 degC: 5120 Wh' for this model, but Victron's own online technical-data page (https://www.victronenergy.com/media/pg/Lithium_Battery_Smart/en/technical-data.html) prints 5210 Wh for the same model. I report 5120 Wh — it is the PDF datasheet value and it is the one consistent with 25.6 V x 200 Ah; 5210 is almost certainly a digit transposition on the web page. I verified the PDF cell by its x-coordinate to rule out a parsing error on my side. USABLE ENERGY: not stated; nominal only (derates to 160 Ah @ 0 degC, 100 Ah @ -20 degC). POWER: current only — discharge maximum continuous 400 A, recommended continuous <=200 A; charge maximum 400 A, recommended <=100 A. 39 kg, internal resistance 1.5 mOhm. WARRANTY 3 years from the separate policy; no throughput warranty. External BMS required. Bank limit: max 20 batteries per BMS, up to 102 kWh.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"victron-energy-b-v--lithium-ng-lfp-12-8-200-12-8-v-200-ah","maker":"Victron Energy B.V.","maker_full":"Victron Energy B.V.","country":"Netherlands","model":"Lithium NG LFP 12,8/200 (12.8 V / 200 Ah)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"Residential / off-grid & mobile 12 V DC — current-generation replacement for the Lithium Battery Smart line. My classification.","chemistry":"LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate, LiFePO4)","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":2.56,"dod_fraction":0.8,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.92,"efficiency_conditions":"Spec-table row 'Round trip efficiency: 92 %'. No temperature, C-rate or test standard stated in this datasheet (unlike the SuperPack NG datasheet, which does state conditions for its 93 % figure).","cycle_life":2500,"cycle_life_conditions":"'CYCLE LIFE (capacity >= 80 % of nominal)': 2500 cycles @ 80 % DoD; 3000 @ 70 % DoD; 5000 @ 50 % DoD. Capacity/energy loss <1 % per 100 cycles @ 25 degC, 100 % DoD.","warranty_years":3,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.victronenergy.com/upload/documents/Datasheet-Lithium-NG-batteries-12,8V-25,6V-51,2V-EN-.pdf","source_title":"12,8, 25,6 & 51,2 Volt Lithium NG batteries — Victron Energy datasheet (EN)","source_date":"2026-03-16 (PDF CreationDate metadata; no revision number printed on the datasheet)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"USABLE ENERGY: not stated; 'Nominal energy @ 25 degC: 2560 Wh' only, footnoted 'Discharge current <=1C'. Unlike the older Smart datasheet, this one gives NO cold-temperature capacity derating. POWER: current only, but helpfully expressed as C-rate — max continuous discharge 200 A (1C), max 10 s pulse discharge 400 A (2C); max continuous charge 200 A (1C), max 10 s pulse charge 400 A (2C). Left power_kw null rather than derive kW from nominal voltage. Internal resistance 1 mOhm, 19 kg, IP65. WARRANTY 3 years from the separate limited-warranty policy; no throughput warranty stated. SYSTEM CAVEAT: the Lynx Smart BMS NG 500 A / 1000 A is MANDATORY and must be purchased separately — this battery cannot be used standalone. Battery-level IEC62619 safety certification is marked 'pending' on this datasheet.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"victron-energy-b-v--lithium-ng-lfp-25-6-200-25-6-v-200-ah","maker":"Victron Energy B.V.","maker_full":"Victron Energy B.V.","country":"Netherlands","model":"Lithium NG LFP 25,6/200 (25.6 V / 200 Ah)","segment":"commercial","segment_raw":"Residential / small-commercial off-grid 24 V — the largest-energy 24 V module in the NG line. My classification.","chemistry":"LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate, LiFePO4)","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":5.12,"dod_fraction":0.8,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.92,"efficiency_conditions":"Spec-table row 'Round trip efficiency: 92 %'. No conditions stated.","cycle_life":2500,"cycle_life_conditions":"'CYCLE LIFE (capacity >= 80 % of nominal)': 2500 @ 80 % DoD; 3000 @ 70 % DoD; 5000 @ 50 % DoD.","warranty_years":3,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.victronenergy.com/upload/documents/Datasheet-Lithium-NG-batteries-12,8V-25,6V-51,2V-EN-.pdf","source_title":"12,8, 25,6 & 51,2 Volt Lithium NG batteries — Victron Energy datasheet (EN)","source_date":"2026-03-16 (PDF CreationDate metadata; no printed revision number)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"USABLE ENERGY: not stated; 'Nominal energy @ 25 degC: 5120 Wh' only (discharge current <=1C). POWER: current only — max continuous discharge 200 A (1C), 10 s pulse 400 A (2C); max continuous charge 200 A (1C), 10 s pulse 400 A (2C). Left null rather than derive kW. Internal resistance 2 mOhm, 37 kg, IP65, self-discharge <=3 %/month @ 25 degC per the table (the marketing prose on page 1 of the same PDF says 'a maximum of 2 % of the battery capacity per month' — an internal inconsistency in Victron's own document; I report neither as authoritative). WARRANTY 3 years from the separate policy; no throughput warranty. Lynx Smart BMS NG mandatory, sold separately. Battery-level IEC62619 marked 'pending'. Bank limit 50 batteries / up to 384 kWh per BMS.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"victron-energy-b-v--lithium-ng-lfp-51-2-100-51-2-v-100-ah","maker":"Victron Energy B.V.","maker_full":"Victron Energy B.V.","country":"Netherlands","model":"Lithium NG LFP 51,2/100 (51.2 V / 100 Ah)","segment":"commercial","segment_raw":"Residential / small-commercial 48 V — the only single 48 V module Victron documents, and the closest thing in the range to a conventional residential-ESS battery block. My classification.","chemistry":"LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate, LiFePO4)","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":5.12,"dod_fraction":0.8,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.92,"efficiency_conditions":"Spec-table row 'Round trip efficiency: 92 %'. No conditions stated.","cycle_life":2500,"cycle_life_conditions":"'CYCLE LIFE (capacity >= 80 % of nominal)': 2500 @ 80 % DoD; 3000 @ 70 % DoD; 5000 @ 50 % DoD.","warranty_years":3,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.victronenergy.com/upload/documents/Datasheet-Lithium-NG-batteries-12,8V-25,6V-51,2V-EN-.pdf","source_title":"12,8, 25,6 & 51,2 Volt Lithium NG batteries — Victron Energy datasheet (EN)","source_date":"2026-03-16 (PDF CreationDate metadata; no printed revision number)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"USABLE ENERGY: not stated; 'Nominal energy @ 25 degC: 5120 Wh' only. POWER: current only — max continuous discharge 100 A (1C), 10 s pulse 200 A (2C); max continuous charge 100 A (1C), 10 s pulse 200 A (2C). Left null rather than derive kW. Internal resistance 8 mOhm, 37 kg, IP65. WARRANTY 3 years from the separate policy; no throughput warranty. Lynx Smart BMS NG mandatory, sold separately. Battery-level IEC62619 marked 'pending'. Bank limit for 48 V is lower than for 12/24 V: max 25 batteries, up to 128 kWh per BMS.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"victron-energy-b-v--lithium-superpack-12-8-100-12-8-v-100-ah","maker":"Victron Energy B.V.","maker_full":"Victron Energy B.V.","country":"Netherlands","model":"Lithium SuperPack 12,8/100 (12.8 V / 100 Ah)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"Residential / mobile drop-in replacement for a lead-acid battery — integrated BMS and safety switch, no external components needed. Victron's highest-volume battery. My segment classification.","chemistry":"LiFePO4. The spec table row says 'Chemistry: LiFePO4'. Note the surrounding prose loosely says 'Li-ion battery' when quoting efficiency.","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":1.28,"dod_fraction":0.8,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.92,"efficiency_conditions":"Spec-table row 'Round trip efficiency: 92 %'. Prose defines round-trip energy efficiency as 'discharge from 100 % to 0 % and back to 100 % charged' and attributes 92 % to 'a Li-ion battery'. NO temperature or C-rate stated.","cycle_life":2500,"cycle_life_conditions":"Printed as a single row: 'Cycle life @ 80 % DoD and 25 degC: 2500 cycles'. This datasheet gives only the 80 % DoD point — it does NOT print the 70 %/50 % ladder that the Smart and NG datasheets give. It also does not state the end-of-life capacity threshold (the Smart/NG sheets say >= 80 % of nominal; this one is silent).","warranty_years":3,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.victronenergy.com/upload/documents/Datasheet-12,8V-&-25,6-Lithium-SuperPack-EN.pdf","source_title":"12,8 V & 25,6 V Lithium SuperPack batteries — Victron Energy datasheet (EN)","source_date":"2026-09-08 (PDF CreationDate metadata; no revision number printed on the datasheet)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"USABLE ENERGY: not stated; 'Nominal energy @ 25 degC: 1280 Wh' only (nominal capacity derates to 80 Ah @ 0 degC). POWER: current only — max continuous discharge 100 A, peak discharge 150 A for 10 s; max continuous charge 100 A. Left power_kw null rather than multiply by nominal voltage. IMPORTANT FOR ARBITRAGE SIZING: SERIES CONNECTION IS NOT ALLOWED on the SuperPack line ('Parallel configuration: Yes, unlimited / Series configuration: No'), so this cannot be stacked to 24 V or 48 V. Charge temperature window is narrower than the Smart line: +0 degC to +45 degC. IP43. 10.5 kg. Datasheet footnote warns the battery may disconnect when a high-input-capacitance load such as an inverter is connected, retrying after ~10 s. WARRANTY 3 years from the separate limited-warranty policy; no throughput warranty.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"victron-energy-b-v--lithium-superpack-12-8-200-12-8-v-200-ah-bat5121","maker":"Victron Energy B.V.","maker_full":"Victron Energy B.V.","country":"Netherlands","model":"Lithium SuperPack 12,8/200 (12.8 V / 200 Ah, BAT512120705)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"Residential / mobile drop-in replacement for a lead-acid battery, integrated BMS and safety switch. My segment classification.","chemistry":"LiFePO4 (spec-table row 'Chemistry: LiFePO4')","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":2.56,"dod_fraction":0.8,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.92,"efficiency_conditions":"Spec-table row 'Round trip efficiency: 92 %'. No temperature or C-rate stated.","cycle_life":2500,"cycle_life_conditions":"'Cycle life @ 80 % DoD and 25 degC: 2500 cycles'. Only the 80 % DoD point is given on this datasheet; no end-of-life capacity threshold is stated.","warranty_years":3,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.victronenergy.com/upload/documents/Datasheet-12,8V-&-25,6-Lithium-SuperPack-EN.pdf","source_title":"12,8 V & 25,6 V Lithium SuperPack batteries — Victron Energy datasheet (EN)","source_date":"2026-09-08 (PDF CreationDate metadata; no printed revision number)","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"READ THIS BEFORE SIZING POWER — COUNTERINTUITIVE RATING: this 200 Ah model has a LOWER current limit than the 100 Ah model in the same table. Max continuous discharge 70 A, peak discharge 100 A for 10 s, max continuous charge 70 A — versus 100 A / 150 A / 100 A for the 12,8/100. That is roughly 0.35C, so a full discharge takes about 3 hours minimum; it cannot service a short high-power arbitrage window. Because this inversion looks exactly like a mis-parsed table, I verified it three ways: the layout extraction, the per-word x-coordinates in the PDF (the 70 A values sit at x=475, the same column as the '12,8/200' header at x=476, the 200 Ah capacity, the 21 kg weight and the 208x520x269 mm dimensions), and the peak/charge rows independently. It is what the datasheet says. USABLE ENERGY: not stated; 'Nominal energy @ 25 degC: 2560 Wh' only (160 Ah @ 0 degC). POWER left null rather than derived. Series connection NOT allowed (parallel only), so no 24 V/48 V stacking. Charge window +0 degC to +45 degC. IP43, 21 kg. Mounting restriction: must not be laid on the long side with the positive terminal at the bottom. WARRANTY 3 years from the separate policy; no throughput warranty.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"victron-energy-b-v--lithium-superpack-ng-25-6v-200ah-bat524120740","maker":"Victron Energy B.V.","maker_full":"Victron Energy B.V.","country":"Netherlands","model":"Lithium SuperPack NG 25,6V/200Ah (BAT524120740)","segment":"residential","segment_raw":"Residential / mobile — the datasheet states it is 'a drop-in replacement for standard lead-acid batteries in RVs and recreational vehicles', designed for extended off-grid use in trucks, SUVs and RVs. This is the one segment statement Victron makes explicitly in its own words.","chemistry":"LFP (LiFePO4). Cells certified to IEC62619, UL1973 and UL9540A.","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":5.12,"dod_fraction":0.8,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":0.93,"efficiency_conditions":"Spec-table row 'Round Trip Efficiency: 93 %' carrying footnote 3, which states the conditions: '25 degC and 0.5C cycling'. This is the ONLY Victron battery datasheet I found that states test conditions for its efficiency figure — the Smart, NG and classic SuperPack sheets all print a bare 92 % with no conditions. Page 1 of the same PDF separately claims 'High efficiency: Operating efficiency 93 %' without conditions.","cycle_life":2500,"cycle_life_conditions":"Table header 'CYCLE LIFE 25 degC (capacity >= 80 % of nominal)', also footnoted to '25 degC and 0.5C cycling'. Full row as printed: '2500 cycles @80 % DoD | 3000 cycles @70 % DoD | 5000 cycles @50 % DoD'.","warranty_years":3,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.victronenergy.com/upload/documents/Datasheet-Lithium-SuperPack-NG-EN-.pdf","source_title":"Lithium SuperPack NG — Victron Energy datasheet (EN)","source_date":"2026-04-01 (PDF CreationDate metadata; no revision number printed). I first found a file named '...SuperPack-NG-DRAFT-03-EN.pdf' via search; I then pulled the link the live product page actually serves (the non-draft URL above) and confirmed the two files carry identical specification tables.","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"USABLE ENERGY: not stated; 'Nominal energy @ 25 degC: 5120 Wh' only, footnoted 'Discharge current <=1C'. POWER: current only, and this datasheet distinguishes recommended from maximum — recommended continuous discharge 100 A, max continuous discharge 400 A; recommended charging current 60 A, max continuous charging 200 A. Footnote 8 warns that above the maximum 'protection is triggered within 10 seconds', so the 400 A/200 A figures are protection thresholds rather than sustainable ratings — for arbitrage modelling the 100 A / 60 A recommended values are the honest continuous numbers. I left power_kw null rather than derive kW from nominal voltage. Series connection NOT allowed (parallel only, 'with power expansion limited to the system's maximum current'), so no 48 V stacking. Battery-level IEC62619 and IEC62620 both marked 'pending'. Has an integrated BMS, self-heating (260 W max for this size) and a configurable discharge floor, so no external BMS is required — unlike the Smart and Lithium NG lines. IP65, 41 kg. WARRANTY 3 years from the separate limited-warranty policy; no throughput warranty.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"wartsila-energy-storage--gridsolv-quantum","maker":"Wärtsilä Energy Storage","maker_full":"Wärtsilä Energy Storage (Wärtsilä Corporation)","country":"Finland","model":"GridSolv Quantum","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale (modular enclosure / DC block; up to 8 enclosures linked into one system)","chemistry":"LFP — sheet states \"lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries\"","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":1490,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":2,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.wartsila.com/docs/default-source/energy-docs/energy-storage/specification-sheets/quantum-specification-sheet.pdf?sfvrsn=44388444_50","source_title":"Specification Sheet — GridSolv Quantum (footer: \"Wärtsilä Energy Storage and Optimisation | Quantum | 09-2023\"; © 2023 Wärtsilä Corporation)","source_date":"2023-09","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"TWO NOMINAL ENERGY FIGURES, C-RATE DEPENDENT — the sheet lists \"Nominal energy 0.25–0.5C = 1490 kWh\" (formation 4P x 8 x 52S) and \"Nominal energy 0.50–1.0C = 1300 kWh\" (formation 4P x 7 x 52S). I reported 1490 kWh (the 0.25–0.5C build); for a 0.5–1C build the app must use 1300 kWh. These are DIFFERENT PHYSICAL BUILDS (8 vs 7 modules per string), not a derate of one unit. NO USABLE ENERGY given anywhere — the word \"usable\" does not appear; both figures are labelled \"Nominal\". NO DoD stated. POWER NOT STATED IN kW: the sheet gives only \"Nominal C-rate 0.25–1.0C\"; I did not multiply C-rate by kWh. The 9 kW \"Auxiliary peak load\" is HOUSE LOAD (cooling/controls), NOT discharge power — do not use it as power_kw. This is a DC block with no inverter included (\"can be paired with leading inverter manufacturers' products\"), so AC power is set by the third-party PCS, not by this datasheet. NO ROUND-TRIP EFFICIENCY anywhere on the sheet. NO CYCLE LIFE, no throughput warranty. Warranty text verbatim: \"Rated design life of 20 years, with a standard product warranty of two years. Extended product warranties are available.\" — so warranty_years=2 is the PRODUCT (equipment defect) warranty, NOT a 20-year capacity/performance warranty; the 20 years is a \"rated design life\" claim only. Other stated values: voltage range 1165–1500 VDC (0.25–0.5C) / 1020–1313 VDC (0.5–1.0C); nominal voltage 1331 VDC / 1165 VDC; weight 30865 lbs / 14000 kg; dimensions (w,d,h) 2.1 x 3.3 x 2.5 m; operating temperature -30 – +50 °C; coolant water/glycol mix. CORROBORATION: an earlier revision of the same sheet (footer \"07.2021\", © 2021), filed with the NSW (Australia) Major Projects planning portal at https://majorprojects.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/prweb/PRRestService/mp/01/getContent?AttachRef=EXH-48243207!20230203T060706.610+GMT, gives the same 1490/1300 kWh and the same two-year warranty, with slightly different weight (13,750 kg), dimensions (2076 x 3169 x 2462 mm) and operating temperature (-25 – +50 °C). An identical-MD5 copy of the 09-2023 sheet is also served at https://www.wartsila.com/docs/default-source/power-plants-documents/downloads/specification-sheets/gridsolv-quantum-specification-sheet.pdf (verified byte-identical, md5 d9f08a0e39b928a024c79cda33fad48e). DEPLOYMENT NOTE: this is the highest-volume Wärtsilä unit in the field — 1,038 Quantum units make up the 350 MW / 1,474 MWh Wooreen BESS in Australia (per Energy-Storage.News, 22 Jul 2026).","spot_verified":null},{"id":"wartsila-energy-storage--gridsolve-quantum-high-energy-quantumhe","maker":"Wärtsilä Energy Storage","maker_full":"Wärtsilä Energy Storage (Wärtsilä Corporation)","country":"Finland","model":"GridSolve Quantum High Energy (QuantumHE)","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale (modular enclosure / DC block; up to four liquid-cooled racks per enclosure, paralleled)","chemistry":"LFP — sheet states \"lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries\"","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":1629,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":2,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.wartsila.com/docs/default-source/energy-docs/energy-storage/solution-sheets/quantumhe-solution-sheet.pdf?sfvrsn=7cc13442_2","source_title":"Specification Sheet — GridSolve™ Quantum High Energy (footer: \"Wärtsilä Energy Storage | QuantumHE | EXTERNAL | 02-2026\"; © 2026 Wärtsilä Corporation)","source_date":"2026-02","source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"NO USABLE ENERGY — sheet says \"Nominal energy 1629 kWh\" only; the word \"usable\" does not appear in the spec table. NO DoD stated. POWER NOT STATED IN kW: only \"Nominal C-rate 0.25 – 0.5 C\"; I did not multiply. The 11.5 kW \"Auxiliary peak load\" is house load, NOT discharge power. DC block, no inverter included (\"can be paired with leading inverter manufacturers' products\") — AC power is set by the third-party PCS. NO ROUND-TRIP EFFICIENCY, NO CYCLE LIFE, NO throughput warranty on the sheet. Warranty verbatim: \"Rated design life of 20 years, with a standard product warranty of two years; extended product warranties are available.\" — 2 years is the product/defect warranty, the 20 years is a design-life claim, NOT a capacity guarantee. Other stated values: configuration 4P x 8 x 52S; voltage range 1040–1518 VDC; nominal voltage 1331 VDC; weight 13,500 kg / 29,762 lbs; dimensions (w,d,h) 2.1 x 3.3 x 2.6 m; operating temperature -30 +50 °C; fire wall rating 240 minutes between units; coolant water/glycol mix. CELL SIZE from a separate manufacturer source, NOT the datasheet: Wärtsilä's own press release of 27 Nov 2023 (https://www.wartsila.com/media/news/27-11-2023-wartsila-launches-quantum-high-energy-storage-system-with-advanced-safety-features-and-energy-density-3364385) states cells of \"306 Ah\" giving \"nine percent\" higher energy density — I did not use these to derive any figure above. CAUTION FOR THE APP: an older revision of this same sheet exists with footer \"5-2024\" (…quantumhe-solution-sheet.pdf?sfvrsn=7cc13442_1); I did NOT open it, so I cannot say whether 1629 kWh is unchanged between revisions. Pin the 02-2026 revision.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"wartsila-energy-storage--gridsolve-quantum2","maker":"Wärtsilä Energy Storage","maker_full":"Wärtsilä Energy Storage (Wärtsilä Corporation)","country":"Finland","model":"GridSolve Quantum2","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale container (fully integrated DC block BESS in a 20' high-cube ISO container)","chemistry":"NOT STATED on the spec sheet — only \"high-performance cells from vetted Tier 1 suppliers\". Almost certainly Li-ion; I did not find LFP asserted in any Wärtsilä document for this model.","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":4073,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.wartsila.com/docs/default-source/energy-docs/energy-storage/solution-sheets/quantum2-solution-sheet.pdf?sfvrsn=90c23442_2","source_title":"GridSolve™ Quantum2 — \"Big energy. Small footprint.\" solution/specification sheet","source_date":null,"source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"NO DATE ON THE DOCUMENT — the sheet carries no revision footer and no copyright year, so I report source_date as null rather than guess. For dating context only: Wärtsilä's press release introducing Quantum2 is dated 18 March 2024 (https://www.wartsila.com/media/news/18-03-2024-wartsila-introduces-quantum2-to-optimise-deployment-of-large-scale-energy-storage-facilities-3419336) and states no numeric specs at all. NO USABLE ENERGY — \"Nominal energy 4073 kWh\" only. NO DoD. POWER NOT STATED IN kW: only \"Nominal C-rate 0.1 – 0.5 C\"; I did not multiply. The 30 kW \"Auxiliary peak load\" is house load, NOT discharge power. DC block — no inverter in the container, so AC power depends on the separately procured PCS. NO ROUND-TRIP EFFICIENCY, NO CYCLE LIFE, NO WARRANTY of any kind stated on this sheet (unlike the older Quantum/QuantumHE sheets, Quantum2's sheet drops the warranty/design-life block entirely). NO CHEMISTRY stated. Other stated values: configuration 10P x 8S x 52S; voltage range 1164–1498 VDC; nominal voltage 1331 VDC; auxiliary load voltage 480 V 60 Hz and 380–415 V 50/60 Hz 3-phase; weight 83775 lbs / 38000 kg; footprint 20' high-cube ISO container; dimensions (w,d,h) 6.1 x 2.4 x 2.8 m; operating temperature -30 +50 °C; coolant water/glycol mix; certifications UL 9540A, NFPA 855 (2023 & 2026), IEC 62443-4. Wärtsilä's own portfolio page rounds this unit to \"4 MWh DC block\" — the datasheet figure 4073 kWh is the one to use. Document-hygiene flag: this sheet's closing call-to-action mistakenly reads \"learn how Quantum3 can energise your next project\", i.e. it was produced from the Quantum3 template — a reason to re-verify the figure at the next revision.","spot_verified":null},{"id":"wartsila-energy-storage--gridsolve-quantum3","maker":"Wärtsilä Energy Storage","maker_full":"Wärtsilä Energy Storage (Wärtsilä Corporation)","country":"Finland","model":"GridSolve Quantum3","segment":"utility","segment_raw":"utility-scale container (high-density AC block BESS with internal string inverters, shipped in a 20' high-cube ISO container)","chemistry":"NOT STATED on the spec sheet — no chemistry named. I did not find LFP asserted for this model in any Wärtsilä document.","energy_kwh_usable":null,"energy_kwh_nominal":5016,"dod_fraction":null,"power_kw_discharge":null,"power_kw_charge":null,"round_trip_efficiency":null,"efficiency_conditions":null,"cycle_life":null,"cycle_life_conditions":null,"warranty_years":null,"warranty_throughput_mwh":null,"source_url":"https://www.wartsila.com/docs/default-source/energy-docs/energy-storage/solution-sheets/quantum3-solution-sheet.pdf?sfvrsn=79c33442_2","source_title":"GridSolve™ Quantum3 — \"Quantum3 works smarter, not harder.\" solution/specification sheet","source_date":null,"source_quality":"manufacturer-datasheet","gaps":"NOT YET SHIPPING — the spec table's own row reads \"Avalability [sic] 2026\". Treat as a forward-looking product, not a deployed one. NO DATE ON THE DOCUMENT (no revision footer, no copyright year) — source_date null rather than guessed; the introducing press release is dated 4 September 2024 (https://www.wartsila.com/media/news/04-09-2024-wartsila-introduces-quantum3-a-complete-high-density-ac-block-energy-storage-system-with-industry-leading-features-and-controls-3489850) and contains no numeric specs. NO USABLE ENERGY — \"Nominal energy 5016 kWh\" only (the body text writes the same figure as \"Integrated 5016 KWh AC block\"). NO DoD. POWER: I left power_kw null DELIBERATELY. The only power figure on the sheet is \"String inverter rating 500kVA (2x 250kVA)\" — that is apparent power in kVA, and converting kVA to kW needs a power factor the sheet does not state. Do NOT let the app read 500 kVA as 500 kW. The sheet also gives \"Nominal C-rate 0.1 – 0.5 C\"; I did not multiply it by the energy. NO ROUND-TRIP EFFICIENCY (an AC block is exactly where an AC-side RTE would be meaningful, and Wärtsilä still does not publish one), NO CYCLE LIFE, NO WARRANTY stated. Other stated values: voltage range 1164–1498 VDC; nominal voltage 1331 VDC; weight 97000 lbs / 44000 kg; shipping footprint 20' high-cube ISO container; installed dimensions (w,d,h) 6.41 x 2.44 x 2.89 m; operating temperature -30 +50 °C; coolant water/glycol mix; certifications UL 9540A, NFPA 855 (2023 & 2026), IEC 62443-4, AIMS testing. Wärtsilä's portfolio page rounds this to \"5 MWh high-density AC block BESS\"; use the datasheet's 5016 kWh.","spot_verified":null}]}